Seasonal Variation of Carbon dioxide Exchange in a Coniferous Forest in Korea

Bindu Malla Thakuri,Hyojung Kwon,Jong-Hwan Lim,Joon Kim 한국기상학회 2010 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.4

Subcritical water extraction of Gracilaria chorda abbreviates lipid accumulation and obesity-induced inflammation

Laxmi Sen Thakuri,Chul Min Park,Jin Woo Park,Hyeon-A Kim,Dong Young Rhyu 한국조류학회I 2023 ALGAE Vol.38 No.1

Obesity-induced inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Gracilaria chorda (GC) on lipid accumulation and obesity-induced inflammatory changes or glucose homeostasis in cell models (3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages). Samples of GC were extracted using solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol) and subcritical water (SW) at different temperatures (90, 150, and 210°C). The total phenolic content of GCSW extract at 210°C (GCSW210) showed the highest content compared to others, and GCSW210 highly inhibited lipid accumulation and significantly reduced gene expressions of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, GCSW210 effectively downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine regula tor pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transducers and activators of transcription and nuclear factor-κB. In co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages, GCSW210 significantly reduced nitric oxide production and interleukin-6 levels, and improved glucose uptake with dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that GCSW210 improves glucose metabolism by attenuating obesity-induced inflammation in adipocytes, which may be used as a possible treatment option for managing obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

Extracts of abalone intestine regulates fat metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat dietinduced zebrafish larvae

Laxmi Sen Thakuri,Chul Min Park,Jin Yeong Choi,Hyeon-A Kim,Han Kyu Lim,Jin Woo Park,Dong Wook Kim,Dong Young Rhyu 한국수산과학회 2024 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.27 No.2

Obesity is a disease involving mechanisms of fat accumulation, low-grade inflammatory cytokine release, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of abalone intestine extract on fat metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat diet-induced zebrafish larvae. The total phenol content was highest in subcritical water extract at 210℃ (SW210) among hot water, ethanol, and subcritical water extracts of abalone intestine. In addition, SW210 of male abalone intestine (MASW210) most effectively controlled the lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic or lipogenic regulators (PPAR-γ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, and FAS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Likewise, in zebrafish larvae fed high fat, MASW210 significantly suppressed body weight, glucose levels, and lipid accumulation. The mRNA expression related to adipogenesis (PPAR-γ and C/EBPα), lipogenesis (SREBP-1c and FAS), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), energy m/;.etabolism (AMPK, lepr, SIRT1, and adiponectin), and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and CPT-1) were significantly regulated by treatment with MASW210. These results suggest that abalone intestine extract such as MASW210, are useful biomaterials for improving obesity and metabolic diseases.

Ex-situ conservation and cytotoxic activity assessment of native medicinal orchid: Coelogyne stricta

Thapa, Bir Bahadur,Thakuri, Laxmi Sen,Joshi, Pusp Raj,Chand, Krishna,Rajbahak, Sabari,Sah, Anil Kumar,Shrestha, Resha,Paudel, Mukti Ram,Park, So Young,Pant, Bijaya The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2020 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.47 No.4

Ex-situ conservation of the ornamental and medicinal orchid, Coelogyne stricta, was performed by mass propagation using seed culture. Propagation stages were optimized using full- and half-strength solidified MS medium with different phytohormones. Maximum seed germination (88 ± 0.5% over 6 weeks of culture) was achieved on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 15% coconut water. Maximum shoot numbers were found on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP, 2 mg/L Kinetin, and 10% coconut water, while the longest root was developed on full-strength MS medium with 1.5 mg/L IBA. A 2:1:1 combination of coco-peat, pine bark, and sphagnum moss was found to be a suitable potting mixture resulting in 80% seedling survivability. The cytotoxic activity of extracts of both wild plants and in vitro-developed protocorms was determined using an MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on a cervical cancer cell line. The wild plant extract inhibited the growth of 41.99% of cells, showing that this extract has moderate cytotoxic activity toward cervical cancer cells.

Erratum to: Caulerpa okamurae ethanol extract improves the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo

Park, Chul-Min,Thakuri, Laxmi Sen,Rhy, Dong-Young The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2021 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.64 No.2

옥덩굴 에탄올 추출물의 당 대사 및 인슐린 민감성 개선효과

박철민 ( Chul-min Park ),타쿠리랙스미센 ( Laxmi Sen Thakuri ),류동영 ( Dong-young Rhyu ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2021 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.64 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 Caulerpa okamurae 에탄올 추출물(COE)이 제2형 당뇨병 치료의 약물 표적 중 하나인 당 대사 및 인슐린 민감성에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. COE는 in vitro 실험에서 단백질 티로신 포스타제 1B (PTP1B)와 디펩티딜 펩티데이즈-IV (DPP-IV) 효소 활성을 유의하게 억제시켰다. 또한, COE는 3T3-L1 지방세포와 제브라피쉬에서 당 흡수, 인슐린 수용체 기질(IRS-1) 및 당 수송체(GLUT4) 단백의 발현을 대조군에 비해 유의하게 향상시켰다. L6 근육세포의 덱사메타손(dexamethasone)으로 유도된 인슐린 저항성 모델에서도 COE는 인슐린 신호전달 및 당 흡수 단백의 발현을 효과적으로 증가시켰다. 더불어 인슐린 저항성 지표로 알려진 IRS-1 Ser307의 인산화 활성도 COE 첨가에 의해 유의하게 억제되었다. 그러나 COE는 췌장 베타세포의 인슐린 분비에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론적으로 COE는 인슐린 표적세포와 제브라피쉬에서 인슐린 신호전달과 당 수송체 GLUT4 단백 발현의 조절을 통해 당 대사 및 인슐린 민감성을 개선시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Caulerpa okamurae ethanol extract (COE) on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity as one of the drug targets for treatment of type2 diabetes. COE significantly inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme activities in vitro assay. Also, COE significantly enhanced the glucose uptake and the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter4 (GLUT4) proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or zebrafish larvae compared with control. In dexamethasone-induced resistance model of L6 myotubes, the protein expression of insulin signaling and glucose uptake was effectively increased by the treatment of COE. In contrast, the elevated phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser307 was normally suppressed by treatment of COE. However, COE had no effect on insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Thus, our results suggest that COE improves the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through the regulation of insulin signaling and GLUT4 protein in insulin’s target cells and zebrafish larvae.

New gap-filling and partitioning technique for H₂O eddy fluxes measured over forests

Kang, Minseok,Kim, Joon,Malla Thakuri, Bindu,Chun, Junghwa,Cho, Chunho Copernicus GmbH 2018 Biogeosciences Vol.15 No.2

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The continuous measurement of H<span class='inline-formula'>₂</span>O fluxes using the eddy covariance (EC) technique is still challenging for forests because of large amounts of wet canopy evaporation (<span class='inline-formula'><i>E</i>_WC)</span>, which occur during and following rain events when the EC systems rarely work correctly. We propose a new gap-filling and partitioning technique for the H<span class='inline-formula'>₂</span>O fluxes: a model-statistics hybrid (MSH) method. It enables the recovery of the missing <span class='inline-formula'><i>E</i>_WC</span> in the traditional gap-filling method and the partitioning of the evapotranspiration (ET) into transpiration and (wet canopy) evaporation. We tested and validated the new method using the data sets from two flux towers, which are located at forests in hilly and complex terrains. The MSH reasonably recovered the missing <span class='inline-formula'><i>E</i>_WC</span> of 16-41<span class='thinspace'></span>mm<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'>⁻¹</span> and separated it from the ET (14-23<span class='thinspace'></span>% of the annual ET). Additionally, we illustrated certain advantages of the proposed technique which enable us to understand better how ET responds to environmental changes and how the water cycle is connected to the carbon cycle in a forest ecosystem.</p> </P>

광릉 KoFlux 관측지 계곡에서의 국지순환 수치모의

이승재,김준,강민석,Bindu Malla Thakuri 한국기상학회 2014 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Biases in Storage Fluxes Estimated from a Single-level CO₂ Concentration over a Rice Paddy

Minkyu Moon,Minseok Kang,Bindu Malla Thakuri,Joon Kim 한국기상학회 2015 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

단일 높이에서 관측된 저장 플럭스를 사용할 때 발생하는 논의 이산화탄소, 수증기, 현열의 순생태계교환량 오차

문민규 ( Minkyu Moon ),강민석 ( Minseok Kang ),빈두말라타쿠리 ( Bindu Malla Thakuri ),이정훈 ( Jung Hoon Lee ) 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.3

에디 공분산 방법(eddy covariance method)을 이용한 이산화탄소(CO2), 수증기(H2O), 현열(sensible heat)의 순생태계과환량[net ecosystem exchange (NEE)]은 에디플럭스(eddy flux, FC)와 저장 플럭스(storage flux, FS) 의 합으로 어림한다. 스칼라의 흡원과 발원의 세기와분포, 연직 난류 혼합의 정도에 따라 스칼라의 변화율은 높이에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 따라서 정확한 FS를 얻기 위해서는 프로파일 시스템을 운용하여 높이에 따라 달라지는 스칼라의 변화율을 고려하여야한다. 하지만 아시아의 대부분의 농경지 관측지에서는 프로파일 시스템을 운용하지 않고, FC 관측 지점과 지면 사이에서 높이와 관계없이 스칼라 변화율이 동일하다는 가정하에 에디 공분산 시스템에서 관측되는 스칼라 변화율 만으로 FS를 산정한다. 본 연구에서는 논에서 에디 공분산 관측 높이에서 측정된 FS(프로파일 시스템에서 관측된 단일 높이의 스칼라만을 이용한 FS, FS_single)와 프로파일 관측(에디 공분산 관측 지점과 지면 사이의 여러 높이에서 스칼라 관측)을 이용한 FS와의 차이를 정량화하고, FS_single로 NEE를 산정할 때 발생하는 오차를 확인하기 위해, 경기도 여주에 위치한 청미천 농경지 플럭스 관측지 (Chengmicheon Farmland Korea, CFK)에서 에디공분산 방법과 프로파일 시스템을 이용해 CO2, H2O, 기온(Ta)의 FC와 FS를 측정하였다. CO2, H2O, Ta는 흡원과 발원의 강도와 분포, 대기 경계층의 안정도에 따라 높이별로 변화율이 달랐고, 그 결과 FS_single은 FS를 과소 또는 과대 평가하였다[특히, 해질 녘과 해 뜰 녘(0430-0800h와 1630-2000h)에 CO2의 FS를 평균 21% 과소평가]. FS_single로 인해 발생하는 NEE 계산의 오차는 FCO2의 경우, 하루 중시간에 따라 밤(2030-0400h), 해 질 녘과 해 뜰 녘에 각각 평균적으로 3%, 2%씩 FCO2 를 과소평가했다. 이러한 차이는 FCO2 의 야간 자료 보정과 분배의 과정에서 논의 탄소수지를 과소평가하게 할 수 있다. 이와는 다르게 LE, H의 경우 시간에 관계없이 거의 차이를 보이지 않았다. Using eddy covariance method, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 (FCO2), H2O (LE), and sensible heat (H) can be approximated as the sum of eddy flux (FC) and storage flux term (FS). Depending on strength and distribution of sink/source of scalars and magnitude of vertical turbulence mixing, the rates of changes in scalars are different with height. In order to calculate FS accurately, the differences should be considered using scalar profile measurement. However, most of flux sites for agricultural lands in Asia do not operate profile system and estimate FS using single-level scalars from eddy covariance system under the assumption that the rates of changes in scalars are constant regardless of the height. In this study, we measured FC and FS of CO2, H2O, and air temperature (Ta) using eddy covariance and profile system (i.e., the multi-level measurement system in scalars from eddy covariance measurement height to the land surface) at the Chengmicheon farmland site in Korea (CFK) in order to quantify the differences between FS calculated by single-level measurements (FS_single i.e., FS from scalars measured by profile system only at eddy covariance system measurement height) and FS calculated by profile measurements and verify the errors of NEE caused by FS_single. The rate of change in CO2, H2O, and Ta were varied with height depending on the magnitudes and distribution of sink and source and the stability in the atmospheric boundary layer. Thus, FS_single underestimated or overestimated FS (especially 21% underestimation in FS of CO2 around sunrise and sunset (0430-0800 h and 1630-2000 h)). For F CO2, the errors in FS_single generated 3% and 2% underestimation of FCO2 during nighttime (2030-0400 h) and around sunrise and sunset, respectively. In the process of nighttime correction and partitioning of F CO2, these differences would cause an underestimation in carbon balance at the rice paddy. In contrast, there were little differences at the errors in LE and H caused by the error in FS_single, irrespective of time. Key words: Eddy covariance, Storage flux, Net ecosystem exchange, Rice