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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Terence-T (검색결과 5 건)
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Metlzer`s Paradox and the Optimum Tariff in a Monetary Economy
( Theodore Palivos ),( Chong K. Yip ),( Terence T. L. Chong ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1998 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.13 No.2
We augment the standard two country, two-commodity and two-factor trade model by allowing for money to exist as an additional asset. We find that it is possible for an increase in the domestic tariff to worsen the terms of trade if the importable sector is severely distorted by the existence of money. Moreover, the Metzler condition is no longer both necessary and sufficient to rule out the Metzler paradox. Finally, we show that the conventional formula for the optimum tariff, derived in barter trade models, has a downward (upward) bias if money is more (less) efficacious in the importable sector. “In the real world there is no simple dividing line between trade and monetary issues.” Krugman and Obstfeld [1994], p. 8. (JEL Classification: F11, E40)
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Metlzer's Paradox and the Optimum Tariff in a Monetary Economy
Palivos, Theodore,Yip, Chong K.,Chong, Terence T. L. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1998 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.13 No.2
We augment the standard two country, two-commodity and two-factor trade model by allowing for money to exist as an additional asset. We find that it is possible for an increase in the domestic tariff to worsen the terms of trade if the importable sector is severely distorted by the existence of money. Moreover, the Metzler condition is no longer both necessary and sufficient to rule out the Metzler paradox. Finally, we show that the conventional formula for the optimum tariff, derived in barter trade models, has a downward (upward) bias if money is more (less) efficacious in the importable sector. "In the real world there is no simple dividing line between trade and monetary issues." 〈Krugman and Obstfeld [1994], p. 8.〉(JEL Classification: F11, E40)
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Liu, Rong,Kwok, Yi-Lin,Li, Yi,Lao, Terence-T,Zhang, Xin,Dai, Xiao-Qun The Korean Fiber Society 2006 Fibers and polymers Vol.7 No.4
The beneficial effects of graduated compression stockings (GCS) in prophylaxis and treatment of venous disorders of human lower extremity have been recognized. However, their pressure functional performances are variable and unstable in practical applications, and the exact mechanisms of action remain controversial. Direct surface pressure measurements and indirect material properties testing are not enough for fully understanding the interaction between stocking and leg. A three dimensional (3D) biomechanical mathematical model for numerically simulating the interaction between leg and GCS in dynamic wear was developed based on the actual geometry of the female leg obtained from 3D reconstruction of MR images and the real size and mechanical properties of the compression stocking prototype. The biomechanical solid leg model consists of bones and soft tissues, and an orthotropic shell model is built for the stocking hose. The dynamic putting-on process is simulated by defining the contact of finite relative sliding between the two objects. The surface pressure magnitude and distribution along the different height levels of the leg and stress profiles of stockings were simulated. As well, their dynamic alterations with time processing were quantitatively analyzed. Through validation, the simulated results showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental measurements, and the simulated pressure gradient distribution from the ankle to the thigh (100:67:30) accorded with the advised criterion by the European committee for standardization. The developed model can be used to predict and visualize the dynamic pressure and stress performances exerted by compression stocking in wear, and to optimize the material mechanical properties in stocking design, thus, helping us understand mechanisms of compression action and improving medical functions of GCS.
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Liu Rong,Kwok Yi-Lin,Li Yi,Lao Terence-T,Zhang Xin The Korean Fiber Society 2005 Fibers and polymers Vol.6 No.4
Graduated compression stockings (GCS) have been widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous diseases. Their gradient pressure function largely related to their fabric structure and material properties. By combing fabric physical testing and wear trials, this study investigated the GCSs fabric structure and material properties at different locations along the stocking hoses, and quantitatively analyzed the effects of fabrics on skin pressure longitudinal and transverse distributions. We concluded that, Structural characteristics and material properties of stocking fabrics were not uniform along the hoses, but a gradual variation from ankle to thigh regions, which significantly influenced the corresponding skin pressure gradient distributions; Tensile (WT, EM) and shearing properties (G) generated most significant differences among ankle, knee and thigh regions along the stocking hose, which significantly influenced the skin pressure lognitudinal gradient distribution. More material indices generating significant gradual changes occurred in the fabric wale direction along stocking hose, meaning that materials properties in wale direction would exert more important impact on the skin pressure gradient performances. And, the greater tensibility and smoother surface of fabric in wale direction would contribute to put stocking on and off, and facilitate wearers' leg extension-flexion movements. The indices of WT and EM of stocking fabrics in series A have strong linear correlations with skin pressure lognitudinal distribution, which largely related to their better performances in gradual changes of material properties. Skin pressure applied by fabric with same material properties produced pronounced differences among four different directions around certain cross-sections of human leg, especially at the ankle region; and, the skin pressure magnitudes at ankle region were more easily influenced by the materials properties, which were considered to be largely related to the anatomic structure of human leg.
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Liu, Rong,Kwok, Yi-Lin,Li, Yi,Lao, Terence-T,Dai, Xiao Qun,Zhang, Xin The Korean Fiber Society 2007 Fibers and polymers Vol.8 No.3
The most significant medical function of graduated compression stocking (GCS) is to provide controlled support and pressure to the skin surface and the underlying tissues of the lower extremity, to prevent and treat venous disease, thus improving the blood circulation. However, due to lack of suitable technologies for the experimental measurements, the transfer mechanisms of the external pressure applied by GCS and internal stress states within the leg soft tissue were not well examined, which bring some difficulties to GCS compression design. The present study numerically simulated and analyzed surface pressure applied by GCS and the cross-sectional deformations at the target region of leg. The underlying tissues stress profiles as well as their dynamic alterations with time processing were presented and quantitatively investigated. Moreover, the medical significance of the cross-sectional inner stress distributions was discussed. The validation results indicated that the simulated pressure profiles applied by GCS agreed reasonably well with the measured ones. The developed biomechanical model can be used for prediction and analysis of the pressure functional performances applied by GCSs, thus helping us more understanding mechanisms of compression action and improving their medical functions.
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