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남기덕(Ki-Teok Nam),윤형섭(Hyung-Sup Yoon) 한국게임학회 2017 한국게임학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.1
게임을 포함한 모든 미디어에서 테마는 작품의 핵심이다. 성공적인 게임을 개발하기 위해서는 게임의 테마를 효과적으로 표현해야 한다. 이를 위하여 게임 테마의 특성을 이해하고 잘 활용할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 선행 문헌 연구를 통하여 게임 테마의 11가지 특성을 추출하고 정리하였으며, 학계와 업계 전문가 인터뷰를 통하여 게임 테마의 4가지 핵심 특성인 공감성, 방향성, 일관성, 통합성을 도출하였다. 미국과 일본의 대표적인 RPG 게임에서 공통적으로 게임 테마의 4가지 핵심 특성이 잘 표현되고 있음을 설문조사를 통하여 정량적으로 검증하였다. 미국과 일본의 RPG는 공통적으로 4가지 핵심 특성에서 5점 만점에 3.45~4.59를 받아 높게 평가받았다. 미국과 일본의 성공적인 RPG 게임에서 게임 테마의 4가지 핵심 특성을 정량적으로 분석하였고 이는 다른 게임에서 테마에 대한 가이드라인이 될 것이다. 게임 테마의 특성을 효과적으로 활용하여 성공적인 게임 디자인과 개발을 하는데 기여하고자 한다. The theme is the core of the work in all media including the games. In order to develop successful games, it must effectively express the game theme. In order to express the game theme, it must be able to understand and to utilize the characteristics of the game theme. This Study extracted 11 characteristics of the game theme through the precedent literature research and found 4 core characteristics of the game theme through interviews with 11 experts. This Study conducted a survey about 4 core characteristics of the game theme in Final Fantasy X of Japan and Skyrim of USA. As a result, degree of an expression about 4 core characteristics of the game theme received high-rated in common(3.45~4.59 / 5). It may become guidelines for the theme studies in the other games. I will contribute to develop successful games through understanding and utilizing the 4 core characteristics of the game theme.
척추전방전위증에서 Titanium mesh cage를 이용한 후방추체간 유합술의 결과 : 척추경 나사 고정과 후측방 유합술 만을 시행한 경우와 비교
최원식,김환정,김규현,김영완,금덕섭,이병기,류창수 대한척추외과학회 1999 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.6 No.1
연구계획 : 본 연구는 척추전방전위증(퇴행성 및 협부형)의 수술적 치료에 있어서 Titanium mesh cage를 이용한 후 방 요추체간 유합술과 후측방 유합술 및 척추경 나사고정술을 시행한 군과 후측방유합술 및 척추경 나사고정술만을 시행한 군간의 방사선학적인 결과와 임상적 평가를 비교하였다. 연구목적 : 기존의 후측방 유합술과 척추경 나사고정술만을 시행한 경우보다 Titanium mesh cage를 이용한 후방 요 추체간 유합술을 추가적으로 시행한 경우에 있어서 그 결과 및 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Titanium mesh cage를 이용한 후방 요추체간 유합술과 후측방유합술 및 척추경 나사고정술을 시행 한 환자군(30 cases)과 후측방유합술 및 척추경 나사고정술만을 시행한 환자군(49 cases)을 방사선학적 결과와 임상 적 평가를 통하여 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 추가적인 후방 요추체간 유합술을 시행한 군에서 전위정복의유지(전위정복소실율: 0.7%/2.59%), 시상각교정 유지(시상각교정소실: 1.27。/3.65。), 추간판 높이의 복원유지(추간판높이 복원소실률: 2.6%/7.6%)가 통계학적으로 유의하게 우수하였으며, 통계학적인 의미는 없었으나 골유합율(불유합율: 3%/10%) 및 임상적 평가(우수: 67%/59%) 에서 좀더 나은 결과를 보여주었다. 결론 : Titanium mesh cage를 이용한 추가적인 후방 요추체간 유합술은 기존의 후측방유합술과 척추경 나사고정술 만을 시행하는 것보다 방사선학적인 결과와 임상적 결과에서 우수하리라 사료된다. Study Design : This is a retrospective study analysing and comparing what between posterior lumbar interbody fusion plus posterior lateral fusion(PLIF+PLF) and PLF alone for Spondylolisthesis(Degenerative type+Isthmic type). Thirty patients were treated by posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) using Harms’ cage and posterolateral fusion(PLF) with transpedicular screw fixation. Forty-nine patients were treated by posterolateral fusion with transpedicular screw fixation. Objectives : This is to verify the advantages of adding posterior lumbar interbody fusion using Harms’ cage to the usual posterolateral fusion with transpedicular screw fixation. Summary of Background Data : Interbody fusions have certain distinct mechanical advantages over posterolateral ones. Autologous cancellous bone is the preferred graft material, but might be soft to maintain the disc space during fusion. Methods : Union rate, slip reduction, sagittal angle correction, disc height restoration, and clinical results by Lin’s criteria were analysed. Results : Nonunion was observed in 5 PLF cases(10%) and one PLIF case(3%). Loss of slip reduction was 0.7% in PLIF and 2.59% in PLF(P<0.05). Loss of sagittal angle correction was 1.27°in PLIF and 3.65°in PLF(P<0.05). Loss of disc height restoration was 2.6% in PLIF and 7.6% in PLF(P<0.05). Clinical evaluation in PLIF+PLF was excellent in 67%, good in 30%, and fair in 3%. Clinical evaluation in PLF was excellent in 59%, good in 33%, and fair in 8%. More excellent results were noted in PLIF+PLFcases. Conclusions : Adding posterior lumbar interbody fusion using Harms’cage showed better radiological results and more excellent clinical results compared to posterolateral fusion with transpedicular screw fixation.
김종진,홍성각,이기철,이덕수,윤택승 한국환경농학회 1999 한국환경농학회지 Vol.18 No.3
본 연구는 암반절개사면에 천공 또는 브레이크를 이용하여 부분적으로 조성한(전사면의 10∼20%) 식생기반에 자생수종(소나무, 붉나무, 담쟁이덩굴)의 종자 또는 파종립을 직파하여 식생을 도입하는 암반사면 부분 녹화법을 개발하기 위하여 실시되었다. 발아촉진처리된 종자에 피트모스, 진흙, 흡습제(3.5:1:0.2, v/v)를 피복한 파종립(1∼2㎤)은 대조구 종자보다 포장 및 현지 실험에서 발아율이 약 2배 더 높았다. 현지 실험에서 직파종자의 발아율 및 발아한 묘�遲�생존율은 여름 및 가을철 직파시 보다 봄철 직파시에 더 높은 성공률을 보였다. 현지 실험에서 공시 수종의 파종립과 종자의 발아율은 퇴비가 포함된 배양토에서 0∼3%로 매우 낮았는데 퇴비는 발아종자 또는 유묘의 모잘록병을 유발시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 유묘의 생존율은 외부 침입 초본류에 의한 피압과 피압 받은 후 겨울철 건조에 영향받은 것으로 판단되었다. 성공율이 낮은 여름철 직파법의 대안으로써 1998년 8월에 소나무, 담쟁이덩굴 2년생 포트묘를 암반절개지에 식재한 결과는 성공적이었다. The direct seeding of seeds or the pellets of three native tree species (Pinus densiflora, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Rhus chinensis) was tried on the rock cut-slope revegetation bed established by construction of mechanical excavation or erosion break with artificially enriched soil medium. The seed pellet(1∼2 cubic ㎝) made by coating seeds(treated with proper previous pregermination treatments) with the mixture of peatmoss, clay, chemical absorbant(3.5:1.0:0.2, v/v) showed about twice better percent germination than the control seeds. The percent germination and the survival rate of the germinated seedlings were higher in the spring direct seeding than the summer or the fall. The soil medium containing the compost showed extremely low percent germination(0∼3%) which presumably attributed to the compost inducing damping-off disease. The survival rates were affected mainly by shading of natural herbaceous vegetation invading from outside to the revegetation bed. The planting of two year old container seedlings of P. densiflora and P. tricuspidata on August 2, 1998 was successful indicating that it could be an alternative revegetation method in case the summer direct seeding is unfavorable.
이광원,이병기,류창수,금덕섭,최원식,Lee, Kwang-Won,Lee, Byeong-Ki,Ryu, Chang-Soo,Keum, Teok-Seop,Choy, Won-Sik 대한관절경학회 1998 대한관절경학회지 Vol.2 No.2
We retrospectively evaluated the changes in the diameter of the tibial tunnel over time following the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with a bone-patella tendon-bone(BPTB) autograft(25 cases) and quadruple semitendinosus(ST) graft(27 cases) in 52 patients at one year postoperatively. The changes in the geometry of the bony tunnel were measured with radiography. The demensions at final follow up were correated with the clinical results. An increased width of the tibial tunnel was noted in all cases. On the femoral side, however, no tunnel expansion was noted. In AP view, the average tibial tunnel enlargement in ST and BPTB graft groups were 1.30mm(13%) and 1.82mm(17%), respectively. In lateral view, the average tibial tunnel enlargement in ST and BPTB graft group was 1.30mm(13%) and 2.04mm(19%). The differences between two groups were not statistically significant, however, there was evidence of a borderline significance(P=0.0502). Although the tunnel enlargement does not appear to adversely affect the clinical outcome in the short term, the exact mechanism which are involved should be demonstrated. Furthermore histologic study is needed to evaluate graft replacements with emphasis on the graft-tunnel interface.
슬괵 건을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술후 2차 관절경적 평가
이광원,이병기,류창수,금덕섭,최원식,김준식,Lee, Kwang-Won,Lee, Byeong-Ki,Ryu, Chang-Soo,Keum, Teok-Seop,Choy, Won-Sik,Kim, Joon-Sik 대한관절경학회 1998 대한관절경학회지 Vol.2 No.2
From Feb. 1996 to Feb. 1997. among sixty-four patients of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using multi-stranded hamstring tendon and EndoButton fixation, twenty-five patients of volunteer, 15 men and 10 women, from 16 to 50 years of age(mean 27.6 years) underwent arthroscopic evaluation. Arthroscopic evaluation was routinely performed one year after surgery along with an examination of stability. The purpose of this study was to arthroscopically evaluate the morphological changes that occurred in hamstring tendon autograft one year after ACL reconstruction. Both of the tendon graft and the adjacent fibrous tissues were observed for gross appearance and physical properties with probing and response to passive anterior translation. Biopsy samples were taken from the surrounding fibrous tissue and the tendon graft. Grossly, we found a well-defined ligamentous structure with good tension tested with a probe. A common finding was that the reconstructed ligaments were embedded in a layer of the synovium, and blood vessels could be seen on the anterior surface of the ligament. The biopsy tissue was placed in formalin solution and subjected to histological preparation by hematoxylin and eosin staining method. The hamstring tendon graft appeared histologically normal under light microscopic finding. There were a few vessels located between existing collagen bundles, and the vessels had an orderly pattern. The surrounding fibrous tissue envelope was covered with synovium. We pleased with preliminary findings in our evaluation.