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Electrophoretic Analysis of Haemolymph Proteins during Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Ontogenesis
( Teodora Staykova ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.1
A study was made of the haemolymph protein spectrum of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) from the first larval instar to imago. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used. Sixteen races and eight Fl interracial hybrids, raised in Bulgaria, were analyzed. During the ontogenesis, a total of 17 protein bands (15 cathodic and 2 anodic) were detected. Distinct dynamics in the haemolymph protein spectrum was observed, in result of different expression during the individual development associated with the processes of growth, histolysis and histogenesis. Based on the ontogenetic dynamics found, a correspondence was assumed between some proteins detected by us using the starch gel electrophoresis and major haemolymph proteins (SP1, SP2, MHPs and Vg) detected by other authors using the polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Intraracial and interracial polymorphism was observed in four protein zones. The effect of four polymorphic loci with codominant and null alleles was suggested.
Sort Communication : Isoelectric Focusing of the Hemolymph Proteins of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori
( Teodora Staykova ),( Petar Popov ),( Dimitar Grekov ),( Petia Terzieva ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
Soluble proteins of silkworm hemolymph were investigated by means of isoelectric focusing (IEF). The protein spectra during ontogenesis of races and inter-races hybrids kept in Bulgaria was studied. A total of 51 protein bands in the hemolymph from fourth larval instar to imago were ascertained. Stage specific expression was established. The specific expression of some protein bands in the individual spectra manifest phenotype of gene determinate polymorphism (HP F, HP J, HP K, HP L, HP Q - in the zone with pH gradient 3.5~6.2 and HP K, HP L, HP N, HP P, HP T - in the zone with pH gradient 9.5 ~6.2). Breed specific expression was observed. On the basis of the obtained results, it was established that the investigated breeds are heterogeneous and the isoelectric focusing method is successful when specifying the inner-race and inter-race polymorphism in silkworm.
Teodora Todorova,Margarita Pesheva,Fridrich Gregan,Stephka Chankova 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.4
The aim of this work was to analyze the antioxidant and antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic capacity of Papaver rhoeas L. water extract against standard mutagen/carcinogen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and radiomimetic zeocin (Zeo) on a test system Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The following assays were used: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, quantitative determination of superoxide anion (antireactive oxygen species [antiROS test]), DNA topology assay, D7ts1 test—for antimutagenic—and Ty1 transposition test—for anticarcinogenic effects. Strong pro-oxidative capacity of Zeo was shown to correlate with its well-expressed mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. The mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of MMS were also confirmed. Our data concerning the antioxidant activity of P. rhoeas L. extract revealed that concentration corresponding to IC50 in the DPPH assay possessed the highest antioxidant activity in the antiROS biological assay. It was also observed that a concentration with 50% scavenging activity expressed the most pronounced antimutagenic properties decreasing Zeo-induced gene conversion twofold, reverse mutation fivefold, and total aberrations fourfold. The same concentration possessed well-expressed anticarcinogenic properties measured as reduction of MMSinduced Ty1 transposition rate fivefold and fourfold when Zeo was used as an inductor. Based on the well-expressed antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties obtained in this work, the P. rhoeas L. extract could be recommended for further investigations and possible use as a food additive.
Black hands and onion channels: a study of drugs on non-English language darknet markets
Teodora Groshkova,Andrew Cunningham,Sascha Strupp,Roumen Sedefov 한국디지털포렌식학회 2019 디지털 포렌식 연구 Vol.13 No.1(UNODC특별호 )
Introduction: Around two-thirds of all commerce in the darknet ecosystem is drug-related. The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), recently conducted an analysis that identified over 100 global darknet markets, and estimated that between 2011-2015, EU-based suppliers accounted for around 46% of all drug revenue. While the ecosystem is dominated by English language markets with global reach, marketplaces with limited geographical scope exist, catering to the needs of non-English speaking buyers. However, little is known about the extent of this phenomenon and what operational models are used. Methods: Between May and June 2017 a short survey was distributed among EMCDDA drug supply-related networks in 43 countries (28 EU Member States, Turkey, Norway and the neighbouring countries). In addition, in June 2017, two surface websites were searched for non-English darknet markets, and information was gathered on the darknet markets identified. Prices of a range of drug types on offer were collected. Results: Two-thirds of countries approached responded to the data request. Of these, four countries (France, Finland, Sweden and Norway) reported a total of nine national darknet marketplaces. Additional searching identified a further 11 marketplaces from three countries (France, Italy and Russia). Of these, 13 were excluded as they were unavailable, were forums or had never actualised sales. All seven darknet marketplaces catering for specific countries appeared to sell drugs over Tor, the majority offering open registration and some form of escrow functionality. Prices on the Russian marketplace were consistently higher than on European sites. Discussion: There are a number of potential reasons for the emergence and endurance of these marketplaces, notably the role played by national Customs agencies. These are discussed along with the role of national darknet marketplaces in the global darknet markets ecosystem and how these may influence traditional physical drug markets.
Isoelectric Focusing of the Hemolymph Proteins of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori
Teodora Staykova,Petar Popov,Dimitar Grekov,Petia Terzieva 한국잠사학회 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
Soluble proteins of silkworm hemolymph were investigated by means of isoelectric focusing (IEF). The protein spectra during ontogenesis of races and interraces hybrids kept in Bulgaria was studied. A total of 51 protein bands in the hemolymph from fourth larval instar to imago were ascertained. Stage specific expression was established. The specific expression of some protein bands in the individual spectra manifest phenotype of gene determinate polymorphism (HP F, HP J, HP K, HP L, HP Q - in the zone with pH gradient 3.5 ~ 6.2 and HP K, HP L, HP N, HP P, HP T - in the zone with pH gradient 9.5 ~ 6.2). Breed specific expression was observed. On the basis of the obtained results, it was established that the investigated breeds are heterogeneous and the isoelectric focusing method is successful when specifying the inner-race and interrace polymorphism in silkworm.
Electrophoretic Analysis of Haemolymph Proteins during Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Ontogenesis
Staykova, Teodora Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.1
A study was made of the haemolymph protein spectrum of mulberry silkworm (Bomhyx mori L.) from the first larval instar to imago. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used. Sixteen races and eight F1 interracial hybrids, raised in Bulgaria, were analyzed. During the ontogenesis, a total of 17 protein bands (15 cathodic and 2 anodic) were detected. Distinct dynamics in the haemolymph protein spectrum was observed, in result of different expression during the individual development associated with the processes of growth, histolysis and histogenesis. Based on the ontogenetic dynamics found, a correspondence was assumed between some proteins detected by us using the starch gel electrophoresis and major haemolymph proteins (SP1, SP2, MHPs and Vg) detected by other authors using the polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Intraracial and interracial polymorphism was observed in four protein zones. The effect of four polymorphic loci with codominant and null alleles was suggested.
Staykova, Teodora,Grekov, Dimitar,Panayotov, Mihail Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.9 No.1
By using PAGE, a study was made on the nonspecific esterase spectra of female genital organs and eggs in Bombyx mori L. The expression of 11 esterase bands was detected during ontogenesis of races and inter-races hybrids kept in Bulgaria. The gene activity of 9 esterase loci was assumed. Esterases specific for the spectrum of diapausing eggs were observed. In two esterase zones, intra- and inter-breed polymorphism was found. Based on the same breed specific expression, the existence of correspondence between esterase bands from spectra of different silkworm tissues and organs was suggested. Stage-specific expression of esterases in female genital glands, indicative of differentiated gene activity during ontogenesis, was established.
Isoelectric Focusing of the Hemolymph Proteins of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori
Staykova, Teodora,Popov, Petar,Grekov, Dimitar,Terzieva, Petia Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1
Soluble proteins of silkworm hemolymph were investigated by means of isoelectric focusing (IEF). The protein spectra during ontogenesis of races and inter-races hybrids kept in Bulgaria was studied. A total of 51 protein bands in the hemolymph from fourth larval instar to imago were ascertained. Stage specific expression was established. The specific expression of some protein bands in the individual spectra manifest phenotype of gene determinate polymorphism (HP F, HP J, HP K, HP L, HP Q - in the zone with pH gradient 3.5-6.2 and HP K, HP L, HP N, HP P, HP T - in the zone with pH gradient 9.5 - 6.2). Breed specific expression was observed. On the basis of the obtained results, it was established that the investigated breeds are heterogeneous and the isoelectric focusing method is successful when specifying the inner-race and inter-race polymorphism in silkworm.