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The Accountability Tools of the Government of Bangladesh: impact in attaining SDG no. 16
( Tanzina Akhter ) 한국정책학회 2022 한국정책학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.-
Bangladesh as one the democratic countries of the world trying to provide public services by following the indicators of good governance where ensuring transparency and accountability are pre-conditions to guarantee citizens participation is a big issue. These are also considered as the precondition of achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Here, various national plans are also targeting to bring accountability and impart a structured system to institutionalize that which are known as Accountability Tools. These are; National Integrity Strategy (NIS), Right to Information Act (RTI), Citizen’ Charter (CC), the Grievance Redress System (GRS) and Annual Performance Agreement (APA). These covers G2G, C2G, and G2C communications within the country. Theoretically the functions of those are expected to influence the achievement of SDG 16. However, in the ground of regular implementation, the APA is the most utilized one which makes public offices accountable for their activities in one year. In relation in attaining SDG 16, there is influence of the accountability tools. One of the reasons behind this the less-utilization or poor implementation of the tools. On the other hand, lack of knowledge of the citizens about the use of those tools and the lack of concern of the field level officers are also crucial. To change and to develop this situation the govt. needs to initiate some awareness building and monitoring systems. Lastly, the findings from the qualitative analysis and the recommendation of this study will enrich the literature in the ground of accountability tools, though there is no previous work to oversee the use of those. It will provide some valuable insights to the policy makers while thinking to develop the existing mechanism as well.
Haque Sheikh Tanzina,Karim Md. Emranul,Othman Iekhsan,Chowdhury Ezharul Hoque 한국약제학회 2022 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.52 No.3
In this work, pH-sensitive alpha-ketoglutaric acid-modified Fe/Mg-carbonate apatite (α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA) NPs were introduced and found to be capable of promoting the selective delivery of cancer-killing drug doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer cells, while simultaneously mitigating DOX toxicity on normal cells.As part of the characterization and evaluation of α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs to target breast cancer cells, a series of assessments were performed, which included size measurements, morphological analysis, FTIR, cytotoxicity assessment, hemolysis, drug binding, cellular uptake, and pH-responsive drug release tests. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to conduct the protein corona analysis of α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA using 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and mice plasma. Furthermore, to investigate the distribution of DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs in major tissues and the tumor, a biodistribution investigation was conducted in mammary tumor-induced Balb/c mouse models 24 h after the intravenous administration of DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs.The in vitro pH-dependent release of DOX over time demonstrated that α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs were pH-responsive and degraded rapidly at acidic pH levels. When compared to free DOX, the DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs demonstrated a potent antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed the effective internalization of DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs in breast cancer cells. The protein corona analysis revealed an affinity for dysopsonins (serum albumin, apolipoproteins) and transport proteins that may assist in extending their blood circulation period. Furthermore, biodistribution data of DOX-loaded α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs in the mammary tumor-induced Balb/c mouse model indicated extended circulation in the bloodstream, reduced non-target distribution in major tissues, and increased drug accumulation in the tumor.The results obtained suggest that α-KAM-Fe/Mg-CA NPs may emerge as a prospective candidate for delivering therapeutic cargos to treat malignant mammary tumors.
Scope and challenges of nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery in cancer treatment
Md. Emranul Karim,Sheikh Tanzina Haque,Hamed Al-Busaidi,Athirah Bakhtiar,Kyi Kyi Tha,Mark M. Banaszak Holl,Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.12
Messenger RNA (mRNA) recently emerged asan appealing alternative to treat and prevent diseases rangingfrom cancer and Alzheimer’s disease to COVID-19 withsignifi cant clinical outputs. The in vitro-transcribed mRNAhas been engineered to mimic the structure of natural mRNAfor vaccination, cancer immunotherapy and protein replacementtherapy. In past decades, signifi cant progress has beennoticed in unveiling the molecular pathways of mRNA,controlling its translatability and stability, and its evolutionarydefense mechanism. However, numerous unsolvedstructural, biological, and technical diffi culties hamper thesuccessful implementation of systemic delivery of mRNAfor safer human consumption. Advances in designing and manufacturing mRNA and selecting innovative deliveryvehicles are mandatory to address the unresolved issuesand achieve the full potential of mRNA drugs. Despite thesubstantial eff orts made to improve the intracellular deliveryof mRNA drugs, challenges associated with diverse applicationsin diff erent routes still exist. This study examines thecurrent progress of mRNA therapeutics and advancementsin designing biomaterials and delivery strategies, the existingtranslational challenges of clinical tractability and theprospects of overcoming any challenges related to mRNA.
Nokhala Ahmed,Ahmed Qamar Uddin,Saleh Mohammed S. M.,Nipun Tanzina Sharmin,Khan Al’aina Yuhainis Firus,Siddiqui Mohammad Jamshed 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.2
Tetracera scandens is a medicinal shrub that belongs to Dilleniaceae. The leaves of the plant have been traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia. The conventional quality control analysis of medicinal plants that relies on the quantification of few major metabolites is considered time-consuming since it requires extensive sample preparation and neglects the possible impacts that the minor metabolites could have on the activity. This study was aimed to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) potential of different hydromethanolic extracts of T. scandens leaves and to establish a predictive multivariate model that could be used for the quality evaluation of T. scandens leaf based on the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of its extracts. Different solvent ratios (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% methanol in water) were used to prepare a total of 36 extracts. The AGI potential and the FT-IR fingerprint spectrum were acquired for each extract. A four components orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) model (1 + 3 + 0) with R2Y of 0.951 and Q2Y of 0.916 was established to describe the correlation between the fingerprint FT-IR spectra of different T. scandens extracts and their corresponding AGI activities. The carbon-halide, carbon–oxygen single bonds, as well as the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups were identified to be positively correlated with the AGI activity. To sum up, an OPLS model was successfully developed as a rapid quality evaluation method to predict the AGI activity of T. scandens.