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Membrane fouling mechanisms by BSA in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures
Melike Begum Tanis-Kanbur,Navin Raj Tamilselvam,Jia Wei Chew 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-
To exploit the benefits of membrane-based separation for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries,the understanding of membrane fouling in organic solvents is crucial. Specifically for the separation ofbiocatalysts in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, this study investigated membrane fouling by bovineserum albumin (BSA) in 10% v/v isopropanol (IPA), 10% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 30% v/v IPA, and30% v/v DMSO, benchmarked against that in water. The presence of either IPA or DMSO worsened fouling,with the latter comparatively worse. To understand the fouling mechanisms, Field Emission ScanningElectron Microscopy (FESEM) images were taken to assess external fouling, Evapoporometry (EP) wasused to measure the pore-size distributions of the fouled membranes to examine internal fouling, a foulingmodel was applied to extract the fouling parameters, and the interfacial interaction energies werederived. Results indicate that the worst fouling in 30% v/v DMSO was due to both significant externalfouling and internal fouling, whereas the second-worst fouling by 30% v/v IPA was caused predominantlyby internal fouling. The magnitudes of the total DLVO- and XDLVO-based interaction energies were foundto be poorly related to the relative flux declines. This study provides valuable insights into membranefouling in different solvent environments.
Influence of nano alumina coating on the flexural bond strength between zirconia and resin cement
Akay, Canan,Tanis, Merve Cakirbay,Mumcu, Emre,Kilicarslan, Mehmet Ali,Sen, Murat The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2018 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.10 No.1
PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study is to examine the effects of a nano-structured alumina coating on the adhesion between resin cements and zirconia ceramics using a four-point bending test. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 100 pairs of zirconium bar specimens were prepared with dimensions of $25mm{\times}2mm{\times}5mm$ and cementation surfaces of $5mm{\times}2mm$. The samples were divided into 5 groups of 20 pairs each. The groups are as follows: Group I (C) - Control with no surface modification, Group II (APA) - airborne-particle-abrasion with $110{\mu}m$ high-purity aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$) particles, Group III (ROC) - airborne-particle-abrasion with $110{\mu}m$ silica modified aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3+SiO_2$) particles, Group IV (TCS) - tribochemical silica coated with $Al_2O_3$ particles, and Group V (AlC) - nano alumina coating. The surface modifications were assessed on two samples selected from each group by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The samples were cemented with two different self-adhesive resin cements. The bending bond strength was evaluated by mechanical testing. RESULTS. According to the ANOVA results, surface treatments, different cement types, and their interactions were statistically significant (P<.05). The highest flexural bond strengths were obtained in nano-structured alumina coated zirconia surfaces (50.4 MPa) and the lowest values were obtained in the control group (12.00 MPa), both of which were cemented using a self-adhesive resin cement. CONCLUSION. The surface modifications tested in the current study affected the surface roughness and flexural bond strength of zirconia. The nano alumina coating method significantly increased the flexural bond strength of zirconia ceramics.
Understanding paraxial mesoderm development and sclerotome specification for skeletal repair
Tani Shoichiro,Ung-il Chung,Ohba Shinsuke,Hironori Hojo 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are attractive regenerative therapy tools for skeletal tissues. However, a deep understanding of skeletal development is required in order to model this development with PSCs, and for the application of PSCs in clinical settings. Skeletal tissues originate from three types of cell populations: the paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and neural crest. The paraxial mesoderm gives rise to the sclerotome mainly through somitogenesis. In this process, key developmental processes, including initiation of the segmentation clock, formation of the determination front, and the mesenchymal–epithelial transition, are sequentially coordinated. The sclerotome further forms vertebral columns and contributes to various other tissues, such as tendons, vessels (including the dorsal aorta), and even meninges. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental processes, extensive studies have been conducted. These studies have demonstrated that a gradient of activities involving multiple signaling pathways specify the embryonic axis and induce cell-type-specific master transcription factors in a spatiotemporal manner. Moreover, applying the knowledge of mesoderm development, researchers have attempted to recapitulate the in vivo development processes in in vitro settings, using mouse and human PSCs. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art understanding of mesoderm development and in vitro modeling of mesoderm development using PSCs. We also discuss future perspectives on the use of PSCs to generate skeletal tissues for basic research and clinical applications.
Tanie Natung,Avonuo Keditsu 대한안과학회 2015 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.29 No.6
Purpose: To compare the levels of serum cortisol and testosterone in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC). Methods: Serum cortisol and testosterone levels in 30 patients with either acute or chronic CSC were evaluatedusing chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: The mean age was 42.43 ± 6.37 years (range, 32 to 56 years). The mean 8:00 to 9.00 a.m. serum cortisollevel was 12.61 ± 4.74 μg/dL (range, 6.58 to 27.42 μg/dL). The mean serum testosterone level was 5.88± 1.57 ng/dL (range, 2.81 to 9.94 ng/dL). The mean visual acuity was 20 / 65.07 ± 40.56 (range, 20 / 25 to 20/ 200). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean levels of serum cortisol and testosteronebetween the acute and chronic cases (p > 0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference in the meanpresenting visual acuity in the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: All except one patient in the acute group had normal levels of serum cortisol. Testosterone levelswere within the normal range in both the acute and chronic cases of CSC. There is unlikely to be any statisticallysignificant difference in the mean levels of serum cortisol and testosterone between the acute and chroniccases, but there may be a statistically significant difference in the mean presenting visual acuity in thesegroups.