Investigation of anti-prostate cancer effect of antler extract

Yujiao Tang 건국대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내박사

Abstract Effect of sika deer (Cervus nippon) velvet antler extract on the expression of angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in prostate xenograft tumors Yujiao Tang Department of Animal Bio and Applied Chemistry Science Graduate School of Konkuk University Our previous in vitro study showed that antler extract (AE) decreased prostate cancer (PC) cell migration. In the present study, we determined whether the extract possessed inhibitory effects in a PC xenograft model and explored the underlying mechanism. After therapeutic intervention for 2 weeks, AE significantly inhibited prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth by 65.08%, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. However, AE increased the serum testosterone level compared to that of the vehicle control group. Furthermore, our investigation of the inhibitory effects on angiogenesis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes revealed that AE downregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), zinc finger protein (SNAIL1), twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1), and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in vivo. In contrast, AE increased tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, (TIMP)-2, and E-cadherin. The results suggest that AE possesses potent anti-PC activity and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the anti-PC effect of AE in vivo. Abstract Protective effect of sika deer (Cervus nippon) velvet antler extract against cisplatin induced kidney and liver injury in prostate cancer PC-3 cells xenograft model Yujiao Tang Department of Animal Bio and Applied Chemistry Science Graduate School of Konkuk University Velvet antler, the unossified antler of Cervus elaphus is an animal-based folk medicine used in Asia to treat various diseases including prostate cancer. We previously discovered the antioxidant and anti-prostate cancer effects of antler extract (AE), but whether it inhibits cisplatin (Cis)-induced toxicity has not been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of AE on Cis-induced side effects in the kidney and liver using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide-based cytotoxicity, cell cycle assays, and western blot in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Cis and Cis + AE treatment attenuated prostate cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis in vitro. Cis + AE stimulated cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -9 and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) expression. Furthermore, we used a xenograft mouse model of the same cells to examine the in vivo effects and mechanisms of action. Cis + AE treatment for 1 week significantly increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances decreased. The histopathological damage and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the kidney and liver tissue decreased. Therefore, AE likely possesses anti-prostate cancer activity and inhibits Cis toxicity.

The crumbling of tradition : Ma Chien-Chung and China's entrance into the family of nations

Tang UMI 1990 국내박사

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND DEMOCRATIZATION : POLLUTION CONTROL, AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNANCE IN TAIWAN (INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS, CHINA)

TANG, CHING-PING UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 1998 해외박사

Cantilever based mass sensor for biological applications

Tang, Tang State University of New York at Albany 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

One of the most important applications for cantilever-based sensors is the detection of specific binding of biomolecules. This work aimed at developing of a cantilever-based mass sensor capable of detecting specific binding of biomolecules. A comparison between the dynamic and the static operation modes of the cantilever sensor was presented and the dynamic operation was selected for the quantitative measurement of mass change-induced resonance frequency shift. Simulations were carried out to determine the dimensions of the devices, to predict the relationship between the frequency shift and the mass change, and to resolve problems in the fabrication before the cantilever arrays were actually produced, including the stress-induced deformation. Sulfo-LC-SPDP, a chemical linker for bioimmobilization, was employed to introduce a common protein antigen onto the sensor surface through the thiol-Au coupling. This antigen was later used for the recognition of the corresponding antibodies in samples. Various optical readout mechanisms were used for measurements of effective mass change-induced frequency shift and the laser Doppler vibrometry was selected as the optimal method because of its excellent Q-factor and relatively simple setup. A linear relationship between the resonance frequency shift ratio and the amount of effective mass change was observed within a 10-40 pg measurement range. It was determined that this method, as presently applied with our antibody-antigen pair, had a detection resolution of 9.6 pg and a saturation threshold of 40 pg. This provided the proof of concept for the utilization of this type of sensor in clinical applications.

The Regulation of Joint Molecule Resolution during Meiotic Recombination

Tang, Shangming University of California, Davis 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Shangming Tang December 2015 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The Regulation of Joint Molecule Resolution During Meiotic Recombination Abstract: In most organisms, passage of genetic information between generations is achieved through meiosis. Meiosis is a specialized cellular division in which chromosome replication is followed by two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation (Meiosis I and Meiosis II). In this way, meiosis halves the ploidy of the resulting gametes, typically from diploid to haploid. Accurate segregation during Meiosis I requires that homologous chromosome pairs become connected by crossovers. In conjunction with sister-chromatid cohesion, crossovers allow stable bi-orientatation of homologs on the spindle to facilitate homolog disjunction. Defective crossing over results in homolog missegregation and aneuploidy, which is the leading known cause of miscarriage and congenital birth defects. Crossovers are formed by homologous recombination, a template-dependent DNA repair process. Following DNA replication, hundreds of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed to initiate meiotic recombination. Typically, a minor fraction of DSBs give rise to crossovers, while the majority result in non-crossover repair without associated exchange of chromosome arms. DSBs undergo resection to form long single-strand tails, which assemble filaments of RecA-family proteins that catalyze homologous pairing and DNA strand invasion of a homologous template chromosome. The resulting D-loop joint-molecule intermediates differentiate into crossover and non-crossover forms, which are processed in distinct ways. Crossovers form primarily through double Holliday junctions (dHJs), which require nuclease-mediated resolution. In contrast, non-crossover formation does not require dHJ formation and can occur by disassembling a D-loop that has been extended by DNA polymerase, and re-annealing the two DSB ends. Thus, precise and efficient processing of joint molecules is required to completed DSB repair, to form crossovers, and to remove inter-chromosomal entanglements that can impede chromosome separation. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and regulation of joint-molecule metabolism is fundamentally important for meiosis and has broad relevance for fertility, heredity, chromosome repair, genome stability and genetic diseases such as Down Syndrome and cancer. Taking advantage of the unique molecular-genetic tools available in budding yeast, I have investigated the pathways and mechanisms of joint-molecule resolution during meiosis. Initially, I worked on a collaborative effort to delineate the pathways of joint molecule processing during meiosis. We defined a crossover-biased joint-molecule resolution activity of the DNA mismatch-repair factors, Exo1 and Mlh1-Mlh3 (the MutL? complex), revealing that the nuclease activity of Mlh3, but not Exo1 is required. The Bloom's helicase ortholog, Sgs1, was shown to be required for the major crossover and non-crossover pathways, acting to limit a secondary pathway defined by the structure-selective JM processing endonucleases Mus81-Mms4, Slx4-Slx1 and Yen1. A second focus on my thesis examined the roles of the enigmatic Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes complex, Smc5/6, in meiotic joint-molecule processing. Previous research has shown that this essential complex was required for joint-molecule resolution in mitotically dividing yeast. However, the function of Smc5/6 during meiosis was not known. In collaboration with Dr. Eva Hoffmann's laboratory, we showed that the Smc5/6 complex has multiple functions during meiotic recombination. First, Smc5/6 prevents aberrant joint-molecule formation at early stages of meiosis. Later, Smc5/6 is essential for the resolution of a subset of joint molecules, specifically those that are dependent on the structure-selective endonucleases. The major focus of my thesis investigated the function of the STR complex, comprising the DNA helicase Sgs1 and the strand-passage enzyme comprising type I topoisomerase Top3 and stimulatory factor Rmi1. Previous research has shown that (STR) can catalyze the convergent migration of dHJs and their decatenation to yield specifically non-crossover products in a reaction called dHJ dissolution. In meiotic cells, most or all dHJs were thought to be resolved into crossovers, and non-crossovers were inferred to be formed by unwinding of D-loops by DNA helicases. Thus, the dissolution function of STR complex was not expected to play a significant role during meiosis. Surprisingly, I discovered that Top3-Rmi1 share all the functions previously demonstrated for Sgs1 during meiotic recombination, implying that Sgs1 always works as a complex with Top3-Rmi1 to process a variety of JM structures. In addition, I showed that Top3-Rmi1 has a unique and essential function to resolve a subset of joint molecules to facilitate chromosome segregation during anaphase I during meiosis. Surprisingly, this function of Top3-Rmi1 is independent of Sgs1. I surmise that the essential and prevalent roles of Top3-Rmi1 reflect the complex nature of recombination intermediates during meiosis.

How mainland Chinese undergraduates experience and respond to classroom practices in U.S. colleges over one year

Heng, Tang Tang Teachers College, Columbia University ProQuest Dis 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Enrollment of mainland Chinese undergraduates in U.S. colleges has soared in recent years, generating widespread discussion. Yet, much of the media, public, and research discourse around Chinese undergraduates' experiences tend to be negative with little attention paid to students' contextual influences, agencies, and changes over time. The lack of intercultural understanding is troubling especially since higher education is seen as a critical platform for facilitating intercultural understanding and enhancing diplomatic relationships. Thus, this study investigated how mainland Chinese undergraduates experienced and responded to classroom practices in U.S. four-year colleges, through a hybrid sociocultural lens, and explored how their experiences changed over time. This qualitative study followed 18 participants---nine freshmen, nine sophomores---over an academic year. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, three semi-structured interviews (at the beginning, middle, and end of their academic year), and four journal entries with prompts. Findings revealed that while participants experienced challenges in transitioning to U.S. colleges, they also appreciated the freedom and choice, deeper learning, as well as richness and diversity U.S. colleges offered. Key challenges participants faced included relearning language skills and communication style, thinking like an "Easterner" vs. a "Westerner," understanding classroom expectations and contexts, navigating freedom and balance, and making local friends. In seeking to interpret their experiences, participants attributed these challenges to prior schooling experiences, societal demands, and cultural legacies in China that departed from those in the U.S. Responding to these challenges, participants displayed self-reliance and agency as they reached out to various resources---institution, teachers, peers, technology---for support. At the same time, participants' experiences appeared to be heterogeneous and change over time. These findings offer alternative perspectives of mainland Chinese students' experiences, trouble the negative discourse around them, and urge the need to dispel stereotypes, understand differences, and recognize agency and change in students. The findings also spell implications for higher education policies, teaching practices, and research practices so that intercultural understanding can be enhanced.

도시 방재 공원녹지 계획에 관한 연구 : - 중국 사천성 청두시를 중심으로 -

YUJING TANG 경희대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

2008년 중국 사천성 문천시에서 발생한 대지진은 규모 8.0의 매우 강력한 지진으로 도시에 많은 피해와 손실을 가져왔다. 이러한 피해 후 중국은 정부 차원에서 2011년도부터 사천성 청두시 소재의 도시공원에 방재시스템을 적용하기 시작했다. 위와 같은 계획은 현재 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있지만 구체적인 계획은 여전히 시작 단계에 머물러 있다. 이에 중국 사천성 청두시를 대상으로 2008년 이후부터의 도시방재 녹지계획 변화를 조사 및 분석하여, 방재공원의 조성 현황과 문제점을 파악하고자 하였으며, 위와 같은 분석을 바탕으로 향후 청두시 방재공원 녹지 시스템 구축 시 새로운 방향 제시함을 본 연구의 목적으로 한다. 연구의 방법은 방재공원 시스템 및 구성요소 분석을 위하여 사례연구 및 청두시의 도시 방재 녹지계획 현황 조사를 실시하였으며, 중국의 국가정책과 법규의 변천 과정을 검토하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청두시는 2008년 대지진 이후 공원녹지 면적이 증가하였으며 대다수의 공원에 방재기능을 할 수 있도록 계획하였다. 또한, 신규 조성된 공원의 경우 개방형 녹지 면적을 증가시켰으며 방재 식재를 계획 및 유도하였다. 또한, 지진 발생 시를 대비하여 주변 피난 장소의 안내에 대한 안내시설물 배치를 포함시키고 있다. 둘째, 현재 청두시 방재공원은 지진 발생 시 각 구역별 기능 분담이 미흡하므로 피난민을 체계적으로 수용하기 위해 구역별 기능을 강화시켜야 한다. 또한, 시설물 및 수목에 대한 장기적 관리 방안이 필요하다. 셋째, 재해 발생 시 공원은 주변 지역 주민들의 피난처 역할을 할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 재해 시 도보로 손쉽게 공원에 도달할 수 있도록 주거지와의 접근성을 고려하여 배치하여야 한다. 넷째, 재난 시 피난 기간에 상관없이 피난 공간을 제공할 수 있는 1인당 피난 면적 2m² 이상이 확보되어야 한다. 따라서 공원 내 개방 공간은 더욱 크게 계획하는 것이 바람직하다. 개방 공간 계획 시는 재해로 인한 화재 등 2차 재해 피해 방지를 위해 공원 중심지역에 배치할 필요가 있다. The 2008 earthquake in Wichuan city, Sichuan province, China, caused a very strong earthquake of magnitude 8.0 and caused much damage and loss to the city. After this damage, China started to apply the disaster prevention system to city park in Chengdu city, Sichuan province from 2011. The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the urban disaster prevention green space plan from 2008 onwards in Chengdu city and present a new direction in the construction of green park system in Chengdu city. The research method conducted case studies and a survey on the current state of urban disaster prevention green plan in Chengdu for analysis of the disaster park system and components, and examined the process of changing national policies and regulations in China. The results of the study are as follows. First, after the 2008 earthquake, the city of Chengdu has increased the green area of the park and planned to have disaster prevention function in the majority of parks. In the case of newly constructed parks, the open green area was increased and the disaster prevention plant was planned and derived. It also includes signs for guiding the surrounding evacuation site in case of an earthquake. Second, the present Chengdu City Disaster Prevention Park is required to strengthen the functions of the districts in order to systematically accommodate refugees because the function allocation of each area is insufficient when an earthquake occurs. In addition, long-term management plans for facilities and trees are needed. Third, in the event of a disaster, the park should be able to serve as a refuge for residents in the surrounding area. Therefore, it should be arranged in consideration of accessibility to residence so that it is easy to reach the park on foot in case of disaster. Fourth, evacuation area per person should be more than 2m² to provide evacuation space regardless of evacuation period. Therefore, it is desirable to plan the open space in the park. It is necessary to arrange open spaces in the central area of the park to prevent secondary disasters such as fire caused by disasters.

Anticipatory Learning in Two-Person Games : An Experimental Study : by Tang Fang-Fang

Fang-Fang, Tang Friedrich Wilhelms Universitat 1996 국내석사

중국의 혁신클러스터 발전에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석 : 청두시 사례를 중심으로

Tang, Luyao 경희대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

최근, 전 세계적으로 국가혁신능력이 중시되고 있으며, 이를 통한 기술력 확보가 국가 경쟁력 확보의 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있다. 중국도 기술력 확보를 위해 부단히 노력하고 있지만, 여전히 큰 지역 간 격차를 보이며 특히 수도권과 지방 지역 간 큰 격차를 보이고 있다. 본 연구 목적은 중국 지역 간의 조화로운 발전을 촉진하기 위해, 지역 간 격차를 줄이는 것이다. 서부 내륙 지역의 대표적인 도시인 청두시를 사례로, 2016년부터 2018년까지 3년 연속 중국 지역 혁신 발전 순위 11위를 기록한 청두시가 기존의 기록을 넘어 중국 혁신 도시를 목표로, 청두시의 현황과 문제점을 토대로 한 미래 발전 전략을 설계하고, 서부 내륙 지역 타 도시와의 복사 효과를 고찰해보고자 한다. 먼저 중국의 지역 혁신 현황과 혁신 클러스터를 연구한 결과, 중국의 넓은 국토로 인해 지역 간 불균형 문제가 두드러지며, 이로 인해, 중국 서부지역이 동부지역보다 상대적으로 낙후되어 왔음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국에서 가장 큰 발전을 이룬 베이징과 상하이와 비교하여, 청두시의 현 문제를 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 청두시는 `쌍창(대중창업, 만인혁신)' 인재의 유치 및 발전 여건 측면에서 미비함을 보였다. 둘째, 청두시는 혁신 투자 및 협동발전 측면에서 문제를 보인다. 셋째, 청두시는 과학기술 금융 서비스 건설 현황이 부족하다. 이에 대해 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 청두시의 발전 전략에 제안을 한다. 첫째, 인재 개발 환경을 최적화한 발전 전략을 추진한다. 둘째, 혁신 투자 및 협동발전 전략은 다원화된 혁신 투자 체계를 완비하고 혁신 투자를 다각도로 증가시킨다. 셋째, 청두시 과학기술 금융 서비스 시스템이 더 개선하기 위해, 여러 가지 자본을 과학기술 혁신에 폭넓게 참여시키는 융자 시스템을 수립하고 과학 기술 금융 지원 정책 체계의 빠르게 개선해야 하며, 창업과 혁신에 유리한 과학기술 금융 인재 서비스 시스템을 수립하다. 그리고 완벽한 과학 기술 금융 서비스 시스템을 세워야 한다. In recent years, national innovation capacity has been important all over the world, and securing technological power is playing an important role in securing national competitiveness. China is also making great efforts to secure technological prowess, but there are still large gaps between regions, especially between the metropolitan area and rural areas. This study aims to reduce the gap between regions in order to promote harmonious development among Chinese regions. As an example of Chengdu City, a representative city in the western inland region, the city of Chengdu, which ranked 11th in China's innovation development ranking for three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018, aims to design a future development strategy based on the status and problems of Chengdu City, and consider the effects of copying with other cities in the western inland region. First of all, we studied the status of regional innovation and innovation clusters in China, and we found that the problem of imbalance between regions due to China's wide national territory has been relatively backward in western China than in eastern China. Thus, compared with Beijing and Shanghai, which have made the greatest development in China, the present problem of Chengdu city could be derived. First, Chengdu City showed poor conditions in terms of attracting and developing "Ssangchang" talent. Second, Chengdu City presents problems in terms of innovative investment and cooperative development. Third, Chengdu City lacks the status of science and technology financial services construction. In this study, we propose the following development strategies for Chengdu City: First, push forward development strategies optimized for human resources development environment. Second, innovative investment and cooperative development strategies complete a multidisciplinary innovation investment framework and increase innovation investment in a variety of ways. Third, in order to further improve the system of science and technology financial services, the government should establish a loan system that broadly participates various capital in innovation of science and technology, and quickly improve the policy system of scientific technology financial support, and establish a system of science and technology financial talent services favorable to start-up and innovation. And we should set up a complete science and technology financial services system.

신사회위험에 대응하는 신사회정책에 관한 연구: 청년·신중년·노인정책을 중심으로

TANG YUN 부경대학교 2022 국내박사

Since 2000, Korea has been experiencing serious situations such as low birth rate, high aging, family disintegration, employment crisis, and labor poverty, etc. For the past 20 years, Korean society has provided individualized welfare and social services for each life cycle for the general welfare and living security of all strata. In terms of policy, the government has been granting cash allowances, voucher access and providing resting places and center facilities. The public sector is directly supported by the government or supplied by non-profit organizations through resources and markets. Questions such as whether the current policy is financially sustainable, whether social problems can be solved through care, whether it can be practiced through discussion, and whether it is applicable to China are answered through analysis. The purpose of this study is to understand the phenomenon and causes of the new social crisis in Korea, and to observe the characteristics and points of contention of the corresponding Korean social policies, and to formulate new social policies that can expand the new social risks and social foundation. By studying the theoretical literature on the new social risks and daily crises, such as examining the phenomena of socioeconomic changes and the new social crisis, theories and lines of social risks in each age group, expectations and limitations of welfare state policy governance, appropriateness of social service delivery system, and major new social policies of the country, as well as analyzing the youth policy, new middle-age policy, and elderly policy of Korean social policy in the new social risks, identify problematic points and propose new social policies to deal with the new social risks.