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신수혈의 침자극과 황기약침이 실험용 생쥐의 면역활성물질인 IL-1 α의 遺傳子發現에 미치는 影響
申相習,朴元煥,洪文燁,李泰均,崔達永 대한동의병리학회 1999 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.13 No.2
체내의 환경을 항상적으로 유지하는 생체방어체계에는 면역활성물질이 있으며, 이러한 면역활성물질의 적절한 발현이 생체의 항상성을 유지하는데 작용하게 된다. 이에 한의학에서는 생체의 항상성 유지와 체내의 면역력 증가를 위해 많은 요법들이 시행되어 왔는데, 그 중 자침요법과 약침요법이 많이 응용되고 있다. 그러나 침자극과 약침의 효과에 대한 기전은 기대하는 만큼 제시되지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 침자극과 약침의 효과에 대한 기전을 밝히는 방법의 일환으로서 면역활성물질인 IL-1α가 補腎臟, 振氣化, 祛水濕, 强腰脊, 益水壯火 등의 穴性이 있는 신수혈(BL23)의 침자극과 황기약침처치를 통해 어떻게 발현하는가를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 면역 증강 작용을 나타내는 cytokine IL-1α 에 대한 침자극의 반응은 관찰되었고, 황기약침에 의한 IL-1α 의 발현은 명확하지 않았다. 그러므로 신수혈을 이용한 cytokine IL-1α의 추적은 황기약침의 효과보다 침자극의 효과에 대한 근거를 추측할 수 있을 것이며, 뿐만 아니라 침자극에 의한 면역반응정도를 통해 질병의 진행상태를 나타내는 진단지표로서 활용가능성이 있을 것이다. Acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli have long been used to cure human diseases. However, it still remains to be unknown on its action mechanism, physiological and biochemical aspects. Thus, many attempts were made to show the scientific background covering the above mentioned mechanisms. Most recent studies show that these tests improve blood circulatory system and increase leucocyte counts. In this study, we have applied the acupuncture stimuli to mouse Sinsu(BL23), which is a stimulative point of oriental medicine, to see if cytokine such as IL-1α can be detected. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) for inflammation induction, and then reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using each primer set was performed to trace the amounts of mRNA. The results are as follows ; 1. The RT-PCR product using IL-1α primers was detected as 450 bp on agarose gels and the IL-1α gene was not expressed in normal mice at 15 min after the removal of acupuncture. However, it was gradually increased indicating a faint expression after 30 min. 2. IL-1α was expressed in LPS-treated mice 30 min after the acupuncture was pulled out, and expressed most highly at 3 h after the removal of acupuncture. The gene expression of LPS-treated mice were more effective than those of normal mice. 3. IL-1α was not expressed in normal mice and LPS-treated mice from 30 min to 3hs. after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimulation. Therefore, a tracing the gene expression of cytokine IL-1α can be used more not only for a basis of the effect of acupuncture stimulation but a diagnosis guide through the immunological action than the effect of Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture. Moreover, we need to further study the cytokine's expression in Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimulation.
도서형 동맥피판의 생존에 대한 Chemical Leech의 효과
최태엽,심영기,이세일,홍인표 大韓成形外科學會 1992 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.19 No.1
A good circulatory balance between arterial inflow and venous outflow is vital in the success of replantation of amputated digits or free flap transfers. However, under some circumstances, it is not easy to anastomose the vein after arterial sutures. Several methods have been tried to enhance the survival of the replanted finger when veins were difficult to anastomose. In 1989 Barnett et al experienced three successful cases of digital replantation without venous anastomosis by injecting the calcium heparin subcutaneously into the replasnts at intervals over 9 days, and they called it 'chemical leech'. The objective of this study is to identify the effect of chemical leech in the rabbit. 14 rabbits were used as the experimental animals in the present study and were divided into 2 surgical groups. Each animal was anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine. Arterialized island flaps where vascular pedicles were composed of a central auricular artery and denuded ear cartilage were elevated. The chemical leech applied the rt. ear and It. ear was the control. The results were obtained after observation of 14 rabbits for 7 days. 1. The period from postoperative 3rd to 5th was the most critical to the survival of the flap 2. The survival rate of the chemical leech group (57.14%) was higher than that of the control group (21.42%) So we recommend this method in such various clinical situations as a replanted digits without venorrhaphy or flaps with venous insufficiency.
최태엽,심영기,이세일,백현중 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.4
Recently due to rapid development of instruments, knowledge of vascular anatomy and microsurgical technique, the free flap transfer has come into wide use in plastic and reconstructive surgery. And it offers another alternative for coverage of major defects in the lower extremity. From Jan. 1981 to Jun. 1989 authors had performed 16 free flap transfers for reconstruction of major tissue defects in the lower extremity which were thought to be difficult in repair by other conventional methods. Used donor flaps were latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (7 cases), Groin cutaneous flap (3 cases), groin osteocutaneous flap(2 cases), dorsalis pedis flaps(3 cases)and a medial plantar flap. An overall success rate was 87.5%. It is felt that flap transfer is efficient, reliable and last choice to cover extensive tissue loss or severe wounds in the lower extremity with no fear of amputation above the damaged area.
Kim, Kyoung-Tai,Jeong, Oh,Jung, Mi-Ran,Ryu, Seong-Yeop,Park, Young-Kyu The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2012 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.12 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of abdominal total gastrectomy, without mediastinal lymph node dissection for type II and III gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed surgical outcomes in 67 consecutive patients with type II and III GEJ cancers that were treated by the surgical resection between 2004 and 2008. Results: Thirty (45%) patients had type II and 37 (55%) had type III tumor. Among the 65 (97%) patients with curative surgery, 21 (31%) patients underwent the extended total gastrectomy with trans-hiatal distal esophageal resection, and in 44 (66%) patients, abdominal total gastrectomy alone was done. Palliative gastrectomy was performed in two patients due to the accompanying peritoneal metastasis. The postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 21.4% and 1.5%, respectively. After a median follow up of 36 months, the overall 3-years was 68%, without any differences between the Siewert types or the operative approaches (transhiatal approach vs. abdominal approach alone). On the univariate analysis, the T stage, N stage and R0 resection were found to be associated with the survival, and multivariate analysis revealed that the N stage was a poor independent prognostic factor for survival. Conclusions: Type II and III GEJ cancers may successfully be treated with the abdominal total gastrectomy, without mediastinal lymph node dissection in the Korean population.
인태아 척수 외측운동주의 발육에 관한 전자현미경적 연구
윤재룡,최태엽,남광일,Yoon, Jae-Rhyong,Choi, Tai-Yeop,Nam, Kwang-Il 한국현미경학회 1996 Applied microscopy Vol.26 No.3
The prenatal development of lateral motor columns in the lumbar spinal cord was studied by electron microscopy in human embryos and fetuses ranging from 9 mm to 260 mm crown-rump length ($5{\sim}30$ weeks of gestational age). At 9 mm embryo, the lateral motor column were developed from ventro-lateral projection into the marginal layer and composed of primitive neuroblasts. At 20 mm embryo the primitive motor neurons were packed closely together and could readly be distinguished from primitive glioblasts by a presence of large nuclei. The primitive multipolar neurons were observed in lateral motor column at 40 mm fetus. At 80 mm fetus multipolar neurons were characterized by their many dendrites and axons in the vicinity of motor neuron perikarya. At 260 mm fetus, the motor neurons were large and contained all intracytoplasmic structures in the cytoplasm which were also found in mature motor neuron in lateral motor column. The first axo-dendritic synapses found at 40 mm fetus and increased in number throughout fetal development. Axo-somatic synapses with spherical vesicles were first observed at 80 mm fetus. A few axo-somatic synapses were found at next prenatal stages. Axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synapses contained mixed populations of spherical and flattened vesicles by 120 mm fetus. These findings indicate that axo-dendritic synapses develop prior to axo-somatic synapses in the spinal cord during neurogenesis.