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Skilled and Unskilled Japanese EFL Student Writers` Narrative Story Production
( Taeko Kamimura ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2016 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.20 No.1
A study was conducted to examine the differences in narrative essays produced by skilled and unskilled EFL student writers. Twenty-six Japanese university students participated in the study. They were told to write a narrative story based on six-frame pictures. The students were classified into two groups, skilled and unskilled, according to the holistic scores assigned to their compositions. Each student`s composition was analyzed at both the sentence and discourse levels. The results of analysis revealed several differences between the two groups of writers at the sentence level. Namely, compared with the unskilled writers, the skilled writers tended to produce longer essays where a larger number of adjective and adverb subordinate clauses were used and where fewer errors were found. At the discourse level, the skilled writers tended to incorporate all the components of the story grammar, whereas several unskilled writers failed to include such components as Setting and Reaction. The skilled writers also used a variety of discourse styles to delineate characters` actions and psychology, but their unskilled counterparts employed only a few discourse types for describing characters` inner states of mind. The paper concludes by suggesting the importance of developing students` knowledge of narrative writing and providing them with opportunities to translate that knowledge into actual production of narrative writing.
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Taeko Osawa,Wenqun Song,Kazuaki Kawamura,Hirohisa Arakawa 대한예방치과학회 2013 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.9 No.4
Objective: To investigate the effects of low-rinsing volume after toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice (paste and gel dentifrice, 950 ppm F, new products with cationated cellulose and original products) on salivary fluoride retention. Methods: Subjects comprised seven adults with a mean age of 40.8 years. Experimental groups were 1: New paste, rinse once with 15 ml of water, 2: New paste, rinse twice with 25 ml of water, 3: New paste, rinse four times with 30 ml of water, 4: Original paste, rinse once with 15 ml of water, 5: New gel, rinse once with 25 ml of water, 6: New gel, no rinsing, 7: Original gel, rinse once with 25 ml of water. They brushed their teeth for 3 min 30 s with 0.5 g of each dentifrice, after which six samples of unstimulated whole saliva were collected from immediately after brushing (0 min) to after 150 min. Results: A statistical test for the AUC in group 1-4, fluoride retention was significantly higher in group1 and 4 (p<0.01). In group 5-7, fluoride retention was highest in group 6 (p<0.001). As a result of multiple regression analysis with the AUC concerning the factors influencing salivary fluoride concentration, volume of water, baseline salivary fluoride and the amount of fluoride remaining in the mouth were selected as explanatory variables. Conclusion: For both the new and original products, larger rinsing volume and more number of rinses significantly reduced salivary fluoride retention after toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice, yield to reduction of their cationated cellulose effects.
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Taeko Ishii,Masaru Ishii,Yutaka Shimazu,Junichi Kikuta 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.31 No.5
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a biologically active lysophospholipid that is enriched in blood, controls the trafficking of osteoclast precursors between the circula-tion and bone marrow cavities via G protein-coupled receptors, S1PRs. While S1PR1 mediates chemoattraction toward S1P in bone marrow, where S1P concentration is low, S1PR2 mediates chemorepulsion in blood, where the S1P concentration is high. The regulation of precursor recruitment may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for controlling osteoclast-dependent bone remodeling. Through intravital multiphoton imaging of bone tissues, we reveal that the bidirectional function of S1P temporospatially regulates the migration of osteoclast precursors within intact bone tissues. Imaging technologies have enabled in situ visualization of the behaviors of several players in intact tissues. In addition, intravital microscopy has the potential to be more widely applied to functional analysis and intervention.
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Olanzapine Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia in a Rat Model of Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation
( Taeko Fukuda ),( Soichiro Yamashita ),( Setsuji Hisano ),( Makoto Tanaka ) 대한통증학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.28 No.3
Background: Neuropathic pain is a global clinical problem; nevertheless, nerve injury treatment methods remain limited. Olanzapine has antinociceptive and anti-nueropathic properties; however, its preventive effects have not been assessed in nerve injury models. Methods: We prepared a partial sciatic nerve ligation (Seltzer model) or sham-operated model in male Sprague-Dawley rats under isoflurane anesthesia. In a pre-treatment study, we administered olanzapine (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 1 h before nerve ligation. In post-treatment and dose-dependent studies, we injected 3 different doses of olanzapine intraperitoneally 1 h after nerve ligation. Mechanical allodynia was measured before and 7 days after surgery. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-Iba-1 antibody was used to assess the effect of olanzapine at the spinal level. Results: In the pre-treatment study, median withdrawal thresholds of the normal saline groups were significantly lower than those of the sham-operated groups; however, those of the olanzapine (10 mg/kg) and sham-operated groups were not different. In the post-treatment and dose-dependent studies, the median withdrawal thresholds of the olanzapine (2.5 mg/kg) and normal saline groups were not different; however, those of the olanzapine (10 and 50 mg/kg) groups were significantly higher than those of the normal saline groups. Olanzapine did not have a significant effect on the density of Iba-1 staining. Conclusions: Olanzapine attenuated mechanical allodynia dose-dependently in the Seltzer model. This anti-allodynic effect of olanzapine was observed even when injected 1 h after nerve ligation. This effect of olanzapine appeared to be unrelated to microglia activation in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord. (Korean J Pain 2015; 28: 185-192)
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Feasibility Investigation of Low-Volume Rinsing with Fluoride Dentifrice
Taeko Osawa,Wenqun Song,Azusa Ishiguro,Masako Nakamukai,Naoko Ishida,Hirohisa Arakawa 대한예방치과학회 2013 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.9 No.3
Objective: We conducted a survey to assess the tooth brushing habits of general consumers using dentifrice, and to confirm the feasibility of low-volume rinsing using newly developed NaF dentifrice. Methods: Thirty-six adults from Marketing Service Co., Ltd., volunteered this study. As measurement 1, subjects brushed their teeth in their accustomed manner, while investigators measured the following brushing behaviors: (1) amount of dentifrice used; (2) brushing time; (3) number of times subjects spat while brushing; and (4) volume, time, number of rinse after brushing. As measurement 2, subjects brushed their teeth according to the specified method using each of the two different dentifrices (P and Q). After brushing, subjects completed an absolute evaluation for each dentifrice, as well as a relative evaluation comparing the two dentifrices. Results: Measurement 1: Measurement items other than rinsing behaviors were judged as being almost optimal. Measurement 2: In tests of significance on the distribution of number of people who chose each response, the ratio of subjects that were not aware of residual dentifrice after rinsing and did not have an unpleasant feeling after rinsing for dentifrice P rather than dentifrice Q were 25.8% and 22.6%, respectively. Both ratios were 0 for Q, showing that these factors were less prevalent for P (p<0.01). Conclusion: The actual tooth brushing behaviors with dentifrice were largely suitable, except for rinsing habits after brushing. Our results for measurement 2 suggest that weakening the flavor of dentifrice P may be useful for achieving low-volume rinsing.
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Comparing Summaries of a Narrative Story Produced under Different Conditions
Taeko Kamimura 범태평양 응용언어학회 2019 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.23 No.1
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether Japanese university EFL students produce summaries of a narrative story differently under two different conditions: When they refer to the original text and when they do not do so. Specifically, the study examined the students’ use of selection and deletion rules as well as paraphrasing strategies. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. The results of the analysis revealed that, when they referred to the original text, the students produced summaries that included more idea units with details, longer and syntactically more complex sentences, and a variety of transitions. On the other hand, without the original passage, the students wrote summaries that were concise, with the focus on main idea units, and that used syntactically less complex sentences, but extensive paraphrases. These results suggest that EFL teachers need to carefully examine the use of the original text in a summarizing task. Producing a summary without an original text is seldom practiced in regular EFL classrooms in Japan. However, EFL teachers need to consider the potential pedagogical effectiveness of producing summaries without an original text if they want to develop their students’ spontaneous paraphrasing skills.
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Citation Behaviors Observed in Japanese EFL Students` Argumentative Writing
( Taeko Kamimura ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2014 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.18 No.1
Effective use of outside source texts is one of the key components of successful academic writing. This study aims at clarifying Japanese university EFL students` citation behaviors in producing argumentative writing. Twenty-six Japanese university EFL students wrote an argumentative essay. Their essays were analyzed quantitatively by six measures: languages of sources, credibility of sources, kinds of sources, citation strategies, references in essays, and reference lists in essays. The results of the analysis revealed that the students tended to (1) rely on Japanese, rather than English, sources; (2) distinguish credible from non-credible sources; (3) favor books and online materials as sources; (4) use data as well as direct quotations and verbatim translations as citation strategies; (5) properly cite sources in their own essays; and (6) list sources in a reference section. A qualitative sample analysis was conducted to examine actual instances of both effective and ineffective citation practices manifested by a student writer. The study suggests that it is necessary to integrate four language skills into writing instruction, to understand each student`s citation behavior from the developmental perspective, and to prepare more precise guidelines for the use of online materials.
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