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안태길(Taekil Ahn),이상훈(Sanghoon Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
The development of hub unit bearings for motor vehicles, has made rapid progress in the area of module by integration several axle components. An automotive wheel bearing is one of the most important components to guarantee the service life of a passenger car. The endurance life of a bearing is affected by many parameters such as material properties. heat treatment, lubrication conditions, temperature, loading conditions, bearing geometry, internal clearance and so on. Generally, a tapered roller bearing gives longer endurance life than that of an equivalent size ball bearing. Consequently, the application of taper bearing units will be increased for more compact design and extended warranty. In this paper, we derive the relation between loads and deformations of a taper bearing unit. On the basis of that, we calculate the endurance life of the taper bearing unit considering initial axial clearance.
Current understanding of microbiota- and dietary-therapies for treating inflammatory bowel disease
Eom, Taekil,Kim, Yong Sung,Choi, Chang Hwan,Sadowsky, Michael J.,Unno, Tatsuya MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2018 JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY -SEOUL- Vol.56 No.3
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a result of chronic inflammation caused, in some part, by dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, mainly commensal bacteria. Gut dysbiosis can be caused by multiple factors, including abnormal immune responses which might be related to genetic susceptibility, infection, western dietary habits, and administration of antibiotics. Consequently, the disease itself is characterized as having multiple causes, etiologies, and severities. Recent studies have identified > 200 IBD risk loci in the host. It has been postulated that gut microbiota interact with these risk loci resulting in dysbiosis, and this subsequently leads to the development of IBD. Typical gut microbiota in IBD patients are characterized with decrease in species richness and many of the commensal, and beneficial, fecal bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and an increase or bloom of Proteobacteria. However, at this time, cause and effect relationships have not been rigorously established. While treatments of IBD usually includes medications such as corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylates, antibiotics, immunomodulators, and anti-TNF agents, restoration of gut dysbiosis seems to be a safer and more sustainable approach. Bacteriotherapies (now called microbiota therapies) and dietary interventions are effective way to modulate gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize factors involved in IBD and studies attempted to treat IBD with probiotics. We also discuss the potential use of microbiota therapies as one promising approach in treating IBD. As therapies based on the modulation of gut microbiota becomes more common, future studies should include individual gut microbiota differences to develop personalized therapy for IBD.