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Phenotyping of Plants for Drought and Salt Tolerance Using Infra-Red Thermography
( Taek Ryoun Kwon ),( Kyung Hwan Kim ),( Hae Jin Yoon ),( Seung Kon Lee ),( Beom Ki Kim ),( Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui ) 한국육종학회 2015 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.3 No.4
Drought and salinity are the major environmental constrains in global agricultural production. Plant breeding for the drought and salt tolerance needs a proper assessment procedure to overcome stress constrain. Fundamental understanding on the physiological nature of the plant tolerance provides valuable information for the genetically modified crop`s development. Drought or salt stress induces several common physiological responses in plants such as water relation and photosynthetic capacitiy. It is because both stresses lead cellular dehydration in the plants, particularly, during the early phase of stress imposition. Drought and salinity decrease CO2 availability for photosynthesis via stomatal limitation as well as elevate leaf temperature due to partially closed stomata. In this scenario, stomatal regulation and plant water status are important aspects in abiotic stress environment. These physiological responses have a function to stabilize the temperature inside plant/leaf. Therefore phenotyping through an infra-red thermography (heat sensitive sensor), could be a useful tool in the selection of a tolerant genotypes. Infra-red thermography is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum which emits a certain amount of radiation as a function of their temperatures. In general, the plants which have less water, would have higher temperature and display more infra-red radiations. In abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, plant water status is affected and varied from the sensitive to tolerant level. Infra-red images of plants are often linked with some of the physiological attributes to the tolerance. This review covers the limits, advantages, linkages, comparison and other prospectives of using thermal imagaes in modern phenotyping techniques.
Yang Qin,So-Hyeon Baek,Soon-Jong Kweon,Taek-Ryoun Kwon,Myung-Ho Lim,Kong-Sik Shin,Hyun-Suk Cho,Hee-Jong Woo 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07
A variety of genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed in Korea. In these crops, the resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant has moved ahead to generate the dossier for regulatory review process required for commercialization of GM crop. The resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant could be released to farmers for cultivation after national regulators have determined that it is safe for the environment and human health. Here we developed a PCR-based DNA marker based on flanking sequences of transgene for the discrimination of zygosity in resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant. This DNA marker will be useful for identifying of resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice plant, and can also be use to estimate transgene movement occurred by pollen transfer or seed distribution.
Hong Jae Park,Taek Ryoun Kwon,Kyung Hwan Kim,Tae San Kim,Yong Hwan Park,Yong Hwan Kim 한국육종학회 2004 한국육종학회지 Vol.36 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate the best explant source and combination of media and growth regulators for the regeneration of multiple shoots in soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr.) cv. ‘Iksannamulkong’. Multiple shoots could well be directly induce
Lee, Seong-Kon,Kim, Beom-Gi,Kwon, Taek-Ryoun,Jeong, Mi-Jeong,Park, Sang-Ryeol,Lee, Jung-Won,Byun, Myung-Ok,Kwon, Hawk-Bin,Matthews, Benjamin F,Hong, Choo-Bong,Park, Soo-Chul Indian Academy of Sciences 2011 Journal of biosciences Vol.36 No.1
<P>Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling cascades are activated by extracellular stimuli such as environmental stresses and pathogens in higher eukaryotic plants. To know more about MAPK signalling in plants, aMAPK cDNA clone, OsMAPK33, was isolated from rice. The gene is mainly induced by drought stress. In phylogenetic analysis, OsMAPK33 (Os02g0148100) showed approximately 47-93% identity at the amino acid level with other plant MAPKs. It was found to exhibit organ-specific expression with relatively higher expression in leaves as compared with roots or stems, and to exist as a single copy in the rice genome. To investigate the biological functions of OsMAPK33 in rice MAPK signalling, transgenic rice plants that either overexpressed or suppressed OsMAPK33 were made. Under dehydration conditions, the suppressed lines showed lower osmotic potential compared with that of wild-type plants, suggesting a role of OsMAPK33 in osmotic homeostasis. Nonetheless, the suppressed lines did not display any significant difference in drought tolerance compared with their wild-type plants. With increased salinity, there was still no difference in salt tolerance between OsMAPK33-suppressed lines and their wild-type plants. However, the overexpressing lines showed greater reduction in biomass accumulation and higher sodium uptake into cells, resulting in a lower K+/Na+ ratio inside the cell than that in the wild-type plants and OsMAPK33-suppressed lines. These results suggest that OsMAPK33 could play a negative role in salt tolerance through unfavourable ion homeostasis. Gene expression profiling of OsMAPK33 transgenic lines through rice DNA chip analysis showed that OsMAPK33 altered expression of genes involved in ion transport. Further characterization of downstream components will elucidate various biological functions of this novel rice MAPK.</P>
Status of Nematode Resistance studies in Korea, Vietnam, and Malaysia
Myoung Rae Cho,Chau N. Nguyen,Nik Masdek,Dorothy Chandrabalan,Taek Ryoun Kwon 한국국제농업개발학회 2010 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.22 No.3
작물육종 프로그램에 선충저항성은 매우 중요한 구성요소의 하나이다. 세계적으로 선충에 의한 작물의 수량 감소는 약 10% 정도로 추산되고 있으나 아시아 각국에서는 주요 작물별로 선충의 피해현황이나 저항성 작물 등에 대한 연구가 아직 미진한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 한국, 베트남, 말레이시아 각국의 최근 선충저항성 관련 연구 현황을 분석하였다. 한국에서는 주요 경제작물 중 쌀, 콩, 고추, 오이, 참외 뿐만 아니라 장미, 카네이션, 국화 등 화훼작물에 대한 선충저항성 품종 선발 연구가 이루어졌다. 베트남에서 는 바나나, 커피, 쌀, 리치 등에 대한 선충저항성 검정연구와 식물 기생선충의 분포에 관한 연구가 이루어졌다. 말레이시아에서는 최근 파인애플에서 선충으로 인한 연작장해가 문제가 되고 있으나 저항성품종 개발 연구는 시작단계에 있다. 아시아 각국에서 선충에 대한 연구가 부진한 이유는 방제전략의 부재, 경제적인 종합방제 대책의 부족, 선충에 대한 정보 부족, 살선충제 가격 부담 등이 들 수 있다. 따라서 보다 경제적이면서 지속가능한 선충관리전략의 수립이 시급하다. 선충저항성 유전자원의 이용과 품종개발은 아시아 지역에서 경제적이고 효과적인 선충관리 대책의 하나가 될 수 있다. Nematode resistance has been recognized as an important prerequisite in crop breeding programmes. In Asia, the extent of damage brought upon by nematodes to major crops is still not unequivocally studied. It has been estimated that 10% of world crop production is lost as a result of plant nematode damage, however not much work has been reported in the field of nematode resistance in Asia. Researches done in Korea, Vietnam and Malaysia are described in this paper to provide an overview of the current status in nematode related research in Asia. In Korea, nematode resistance screenings were done on economic crops such as rice, soybean, hot pepper, cucumber, and oriental melon as well as on ornamental crops such as rose, carnation, and chrysanthemum. In Vietnam, nematode resistance screenings and nematode distribution studies were conducted on banana, coffee, rice, and litchi. In Malaysia, Paratylenchus sp. was reported as the causal agent of pineapple yield decline, however, studies on screening and breeding of resistant cultivar are in the beginning stage. Limitations faced in developing an integrated approach in combating the nematode problem in Asia include the absence of economical IPM solutions for specific pest problems, the lack of basic understanding of the biology of specific pests, and high costs involved on the dependence of nematicides. This urgently calls for economical and sustainable nematode management strategies. One such strategy foreseen as a viable approach in Asia would be the development of nematode-resistant plant germplasms or cultivars.
조명래 ( Myoung Rae Cho ),( C. N. Nguyen ),( N. Masdek ),( Chandrabalan ),권택륜 ( Taek Ryoun Kwon ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2010 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.22 No.3
Nematode resistance has been recognized as an important prerequisite in crop breeding programmes. In Asia, the extent of damage brought upon by nematodes to major crops is still not unequivocally studied. It has been estimated that 10% of world crop production is lost as a result of plant nematode damage, however not much work has been reported in the field of nematode resistance in Asia. Researches done in Korea, Vietnam and Malaysia are described in this paper to provide an overview of the current status in nematode related research in Asia. In Korea, nematode resistance screenings were done on economic crops such as rice, soybean, hot pepper, cucumber, and oriental melon as well as on ornamental crops such as rose, carnation, and chrysanthemum. In Vietnam, nematode resistance screenings and nematode distribution studies were conducted on banana, coffee, rice, and litchi. In Malaysia, Paratylenchus sp. was reported as the causal agent of pineapple yield decline, however, studies on screening and breeding of resistant cultivar are in the beginning stage. Limitations faced in developing an integrated approach in combating the nematode problem in Asia include the absence of economical IPM solutions for specific pest problems, the lack of basic understanding of the biology of specific pests, and high costs involved on the dependence of nematicides. This urgently calls for economical and sustainable nematode management strategies. One such strategy foreseen as a viable approach in Asia would be the development of nematode-resistant plant germplasms or cultivars.