U.D.F.형 가변 주파수 전력 변환기의 구성과 동작 특성에 관한 연구

金光泰(Kwang-Tae Kim),金喆禹(Cheul-U Kim),曺井守(Jung-Soo Cho) 대한전기학회 1993 전기학회논문지 Vol.42 No.4

회사국적과 관련된 미통상법의 적용 사례 연구 -The Smith Corona/Brother Industries Case를 중심으로-

손태우 ( Son Tae U ) 한국상사판례학회 2003 상사판례연구 Vol.14 No.-

Many products are often designed, assembled, processed, or manufactured composites of parts in different national jurisdictions because of the increasing globalization of production and the increasing mobility of goods, services and capital across national borders, So we cannot easily make a clear distinction between what constitutes `national` corporations versus `foreign` corporations. Considering the above facts, this paper reassesses the concept of nationality on a corporation mainly based on the so-called `domestic participation` test. It is provided for the balance between the national perspective and the international one. According to this test, if corporate activities within a state qualify as substantial, socioeconomic participation in the state`s economy, the corporation qualifies as a domestic firm, entitled to the benefits and protection of the applicable trade laws. Looking at the internationalization and globalization of production by corporate entities, we also have a problem to find out which party has standing to invoke the U.S. antidumpng laws or the Section 201 like the Smith Corona/Brother Industries case. Because the nature of the target group to be protected by the laws is less clear. So, the availability of the remedies of these laws seems to act as a kind of substitute to meet an underlying political pressure against foreign competition. The assumption underlying these trade laws and policies might be that the competitiveness of the American national economy is essentially tied to the competitiveness of its national products. However, any administering agencies, like Commerce Department of the U.S., should bear a burden, having to respond simultaneously in the international business scene, evolution in the globalized trading regime, and domestic political pressure. Through this kind of process leading to the balance of internationalism and nationalism, the world trading system to which the majority of countries belong would be best served.

Clinical characteristics of patients with psoriasis with high serum total immunoglobulin E: A retrospective single-center study

( Seung Hui Seok ),( Tae Bin Im ),( Jung U Shin ),( Hee Jung Lee ),( Moon Soo Yoon ),( Dong Hyun Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic T17 cells-driven immune-mediated inflammatory disease. However, psoriasis patients may have elevated serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), which is a hallmark of Th2 inflammation. In previous case reports, patients with psoriasis with high serum IgE levels did not respond well to treatment or exacerbated eczema lesions. Objectives: We sought to investigate the clinical characteristics of psoriasis patients with high serum total IgE levels. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 130 patients with plaque psoriasis who had done serum total IgE level test from November 1, 2009, to October 31, 2019. We compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, severity of the disease, and treatment regimen for each high IgE group (>214 U/mL), and normal IgE group (≤214 U/mL). Results: Among 130 patients with psoriasis, 41 patients (31.5%) had high serum IgE level. High IgE levels were positively associated with the severity of disease and psoriasis lesions including scalp, hands, feet, and flexures which are difficult-to-treat were observed significantly higher in patients with high serum IgE level. There was no correlation between age, gender, disease duration, or presence of pruritus, and serum total IgE level. Conclusion: High serum IgE levels in psoriasis may be a prognostic factor which is related with more severe and difficult-to-treat traits requiring systemic treatment.

A SIMPLE VARIANCE ESTIMATOR IN NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION MODELS WITH MULTIVARIATE PREDICTORS

YOUNG KYUNG LEE,TAE YOON KIM,BYEONG U. PARK 한국통계학회 2006 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.35 No.1

In this paper we propose a simple and computationally attractive diere-nce-based variance estimator in nonparametric regression models with mul-tivariate predictors. We show that the estimator achievesn1=2 rate ofconvergence for regression functions with only a rst derivative whend, thedimension of the predictor, is less than or equal to 4. Whend > 4, the rateturns out to ben4=(d+4) under the rst derivative condition for the regres-sion functions. A numerical study suggests that the proposed estimator hasa good nite sample performance.AMS 2000 subject classications.Primary 62G08; Secondary 62G20.Keywords.Variance estimation, multivariate regression, rate of convergence.1. IntroductionA homoscedastic regression problem of the formYi = m(Xi) + i (1 i n) (1.1)is considered wherem is an unknown regression function, the errors are indepen-dent and identically distributed random variables with mean zero and variance, and the random design pointsXi are assumed to arise from independent re-alizations of a distribution having a densityf on IRd. Recently, estimation ofReceived January 2006; accepted March 2006.yYoung Kyung Lee was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Project in 2004. Tae Yoon Kimwas supported by KOSEF R01-2003-000-10589-0. Byeong U. Park was supported by KOSEFthrough Statistical Research Center for Complex Systems at Seoul National University.

혈중 총 면역글로불린 E가 증가된 건선 환자의 임상적 특징: 후향적 단일기관 연구

석승휘 ( Seung Hui Seok ),임태빈 ( Tae Bin Im ),신정우 ( Jung U Shin ),이희정 ( Hee Jung Lee ),윤문수 ( Moon Soo Yoon ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회지 Vol.59 No.2

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic T17 cell-driven immune-mediated inflammatory disease. However, patients with psoriasis may have elevated total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, which is a hallmark of Th2 inflammation. In previous case reports, psoriasis patients with elevated total serum IgE levels did not respond well to treatment or had exacerbated eczema lesions. Objective: We sought to investigate the clinical characteristics of psoriasis patients with elevated total serum IgE levels. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 130 patients with psoriasis who were tested for total serum IgE levels from November 1, 2009, to October 31, 2019. We compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, disease severity, and treatment regimen for each elevated IgE group (>214 U/mL) and normal IgE group (≤214 U/mL). Results: Among 130 patients with psoriasis, 41 (31.5%) had elevated total serum IgE levels. Elevated total serum IgE levels were positively associated with the severity of disease; psoriasis lesions including those on the scalp, hands, feet, and flexures, which are difficult to treat, were observed to be significantly higher in patients with elevated total serum IgE levels. There was no correlation between age, sex, disease duration, or presence of pruritus and total serum IgE levels. Conclusion: This study identified the clinical characteristics of psoriasis patients with elevated total serum IgE levels in Korea. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(2):94∼99)

SiO₂첨가량에 따른 SnO₂계 세라믹 복합체의 CO, H₂가스 감응특성

김태원,최우성,정승우 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

In this work, we fabricated 0~20mol% SiO_(2) added SnO_(2) composite ceramics of bulk type to investigate the CO and H_(2) gas sensitivity in various composition, temperature, and concentration of CO and H_(2) gas. The mearsured 100ppm and 250ppm CO gas sensitivities of SiO_(2)-SnO_(2) composite ceramics were about 1~7.62 and 1~5.61, respectively. These values were about 1~1.5 times larger than pure SnO_(2). In particular, at 325℃, the maximum CO gas sensitivity of 20 mol% added SiO_(2) was 7.6 in 1000 ppm CO gas atmosphere. In the other hand, 1000ppm and 500ppm H_(2) gas sensitivities of SiO_(2)-SnO_(2) composites were about 2.93~21.17 and 2.12~11.34, respectively. In addition, at 325℃, 1000 and 500 ppm H_(2) gas sensitivities were about 21.17 and 11.34, respectively.

제주도 토양의 감귤나무(Citrus unshiu Marc.)에서 ^137Cs의 전이

강태우,박원표,송성준,유장걸 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2001 연구보고 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 제주도 토양 감귤나무에서 ^137Cs의 전이를 조사하기 위하여 유기물 함량이 서로 다른 제주도내 6개 지역의 감귤원에서 채취한 감귤과 토양시료를 감마분광계로 ^137Cs 농도를 측정하였고, 또한 토양화학 특성과의 관계를 조사하였다. 토양 중 ^137Cs 농도는 10.2∼40.0 Bq/kg dry 범위로, 유기물 함량이 높을수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 식물체 중 ^137Cs 농도는 가식부위의 경우는 검출하한치 이하 ∼91.8 mBq/kg·fresh, 잎은 검출하한치 이하 ∼235 mBq/kg·fresh의 범위로 가식부위, 껍질 그리고 잎 순으로 높았다. 토양에서 식물체로의 ^137Cs 전이계수는 잎, 껍질 그리고 가식부위에서 각각 2.15×10^-3∼1.25×10^-2, 7.28×10^-4∼8.13×10^-3 그리고 3.79×10^-4∼3.08×10^-3 범위로 가식부위, 껍질 그리고 잎 순으로 높았다. 토양 pH에 따른 ^137Cs의 전이계수는 서로 상관성이 없었으나, 치환성 K와 토양 유기물 함량이 높을수록 전이계수는 낮아지는 경향이 있었다. 우리 나라 국민 1인당 20 kg의 감귤을 섭취한다고 가정했을 때 이상의 결과로부터 산출된 흡수선량인 0.0048 μSv은 연간 예탁유효 선량 당량 값인 2.48 mSv에 비하여 거의 무시할 수 있는 수준이라고 생각된다. To investigate transfer of ^137Cs in the mandarin trees of Jeju Island, the fruits and leaves as well as the soil samples around each tree were collected from 6 mandarin orchards with different organic matter content. ^137Cs concentration was measured by HPGe γ-ray spectrometry, the relationship between the transfer values and the soil chemical properties was investigated. ^137Cs concentration in soil was in the range of 10.2~40.0 Bq/kg·dry and increased with increasing organic matter content. ^137Cs concentrations in each part of plant were in the range of MDA(minimum detectable activity)~46.8 mBq/kg·fresh(fruit), MDA~91.8 mBq/kg·fresh(peel) and MDA~235 mBq/kg·fresh(leaf), respectively. The distribution of ^137Cs in trees was showed as the following order; fruit<peel<leaf. Transfer factors of ^137Cs from soil to tree were in the range of 2.68×10^-3~1.02×10^-2, 9.07×10^-4~4.03×10^-3 and 4.73×10^-4 ~ 2.04×10^-3 for leaf, peel and fruit, respectively. The transfer factors were as the following order; fruit<peel<leaf. The transfer factors of ^137Cs from soil to tree were not affected by soil pH, but decreased at the high concentration of exchangeable K and organic matter.

한국인 쯔쯔가무시병 환자에서 사이토카인 유전자의 다양성 조사

장우임,김수연,위성헌,김태규 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.1

Background: Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and can become severe and potentially life-threatening. It is suggested that specific host factors can modify the host response during O. tsutsugamushi infection. It is known that susceptibility and outcome of infectious disease are associated with genetic polymorphisms of some cytokines. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood of 144 patients who were diagnosed with scrub typhus and of 311 unrelated healthy subjects were collected. A diagnosis of scrub typhus was made upon demonstration of a fourfold rise in antibody titer to O. tsutsugamushi in paired serum specimens in an indirect immunofluorescent (IFA) test. Genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells and genotypings for IL-1 (-511C/T), IL-1β (+3953T/C), IL-2 (-330T/G), IL-4 (-590C/T), IL-4R(-1902G/A), IL-10 (-1082G/A), IL-10 (-819C/T), TNF-α (-238G/A) and TNF-α (-308G/A) were performed simultaneously using PCR-SSP (sequence specific polymorphisms) assay. Results: The frequency of IL-1 (-511T/T) (OR=0.53, P<0.01) and IL-2 (-330T/T) (OR=0.56, P<0.01) were significantly decreased, but that of IL-2(-330G/G) (OR=4.49, P<0.01) was increased, in the scrub typhus patients compared to the healthy controls. And, there were no statistically significant differences in the genetic polymorphisms of IL-4 (-590C/T), IL-4Rα (-1902G/A), IL-10 (-1082G/A), IL-10 (-819C/T), TNF-α (-238G/A), TNF-α (-308G/A) genes, in the scrub typhus patients compared to the unrelated healthy controls. Conclusions: Cytokine polymorphisms in the IL-1 (-511T/T) and the IL-2 genes may influence the host response to O. tsutsugamushi.

SnO₂-TiO₂세라믹 복합체의 일산화탄소 감응특성

최우성,김태원,정승우 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

In order to promote CO sensitivity, 5, 10, 15, 20 mol% TiO_(2) added SnO_(2) composite ceramics were prepared. Using XRD and SEM, we investigated a phase analysis and microstructure, and mearsured the resistances as a function gas atmosphere of specimens by High Voltage Measure/Source Unit. The measured CO sensitivities of SnO_(2) -TiO_(2) composite ceramics were abou 3 times larger than that of pure SnO_(2) and showed the obvious temperature dependence of 500, 1000ppm CO sensitivity.

제주지역에서 소비되는 식품 중 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K 방사능 농도

강태우,홍경애,박원표,유장걸 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2003 연구보고 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구는 제주지역에서 소비되는 식품류 중의 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K 방사능 농도를 조사하여, 식품 섭취에 따른 ^(137)Cs과 ^(40)K에 의한 내부피폭선량의 값을 평가함으로써 만일의 원자력사고로 인한 방사능 오염에 대처할 수 있는 기초 자료를 확보하고자 수행하였다. 시료로 채취한 식품류는 농산물 31, 축산물 6, 수산물 12, 임산물 4, 가공식품(차류) 3종류였고 방사능 분석은 고순도 게르마늄검출기가 장착된 감마선분광계로 수행하였다. 시료 중 ^(137)Cs 방사능 농도범위는 농산물이 MDA이하~650 mBq/㎏·fresh, 축산물은 16.6~542 Bq/㎏·fresh, 임산물 MDA이하~131 mBq/㎏·fresh, 수산물 39.1~294 Bq/㎏·fresh, 그리고 가공식품은 MDA이하~834 mBq/㎏·fresh이었다. ^(40)K의 경우는 농산물85.5~l16 Bq/㎏·fresh, 축산물 MDA이하~246 mBq/㎏·fresh, 임산물 50.1~657 mBq/㎏·fresh, 수산물 32.0~483 mBq/㎏·fresh 그리고 가공식품 33.6~l,065 Bq/㎏·fresh 범위였다. 시료 중 ^(137)Cs 방사능 농도가 가장 높은 것은 표고버섯으로 834 mBq/㎏·fresh이었으며, ^(40)K은 커피가 1.065 mBq/㎏·fresh로 가장 높았다. 각 식품류 중 ^(137)Cs와 ^(40)K에 의한 연간 유효선량은 농산물이 66.543 nSv로 가장 높았고, 축산물 19,311, 가공식품(차류) 6.648, 수산물 6,579, 임산물 850 순으로 낮았으며 이것을 모두 합한 총 연간 유효선량 값은 99,941 nSv이었다. 본 연구에 포함된 식품의 1인당 연간 섭취량이 연간 식품 총 섭취량의 60%임을 감안해도 자연환경 중에서 이루어지는 외부피폭에 의한 연간 유효선량 2,400,000 nSv에 비하면 무시할 정도로 평상시 식품섭취에 의한 방사선 내부피폭은 매우 미량이었다. 이상의 자료는 유사시 방사선에 의한 식품류 오염정도를 식별하는데 필수불가결할 것으로 사료된다. This work was conducted to provide the reference data of radioactivity in the foodstuffs at a radiological emergency situation in Jeju Island. The foodstuffs sampled were agricultural(31), livestock(6), marine(12) and forest products(4), and processed foods(3) consumed by Jeju Islanders. ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K activities were determined by HPGe γ-ray spectrometry. The activity ranges of ^(137)Cs were <MDA(less than minimum detectable activity)∼650 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the agricultural products, <MDA∼131 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the livestock, <MDA∼834 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the marine, <MDA∼246 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the forest and 32.0∼483 m㏃/㎏·fresh in the processed foods(tea). In case of ^(40)K, the activity ranges were 16.6∼542 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the agricultural products, 39.1∼294 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the livestock, 85.5∼116 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the marine, 50.1∼657 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the forest, and 33.6∼1,065 ㏃/㎏·fresh in the processed foods(tea). The highest activity of ^(137)Cs, 834 m㏃/㎏·fresh in was observed in oak mushroom and ^(40)K, 1,065 ㏃/㎏·fresh in coffee. Annual effective doses of ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K by intake of foodstuffs per capita were the following order ; agricultural products (66,543 n㏜) > livestock products (19,311 n㏜) > processed foods (6,648 n㏜) > marine products (6,579 n㏜) > forest products (860 n㏜). Therefor total annual effective dose was summed 99,941 n㏜ which is quite low level comparing to the annual effective dose byexternal exposure, 2,400,000 n㏜. The data obtained in this study can be useful for monitoring whether the foodstuffs are contaminated or not at an emergency radiation accident, and showed that the foodstuffs consumed in Jeju are safe in terms of annual effective dose of ^(137)Cs and ^(40)K.