Fabrication and High-Temperature Compressive Behavior of Unique Multi-Sheet Stacked Block Ni–Cr–Al Metallic Foam

Kyu‑Sik Kim,Tae‑Hoon Kang,박만호,Kee‑Ahn Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

Large unique block Ni–Cr–Al superalloy foam was fabricated using a combination method of powder-alloying, multi-sheetstacking, and hot compression processes. Subsequently, the compressive properties and deformation behaviors of multi-sheetstacked block metallic foam were investigated from room temperature to 1073 K. The analysis of the resulting structuralcharacteristics of the block foam showed that the interfaces between the sheets have complex strut interactions, such ascontacted (deformed) and intersected struts. The relative density was measured as 2.93% for sheet foam and 4.90% for blockfoam. The compressive deformation of sheet and block Ni–Cr–Al foams showed the typical compressive stress–strain curvesof plastically deformable metallic foams regardless of foam type. However, different deformation behaviors in the plateauregions were detected based on the type of foam. It is noteworthy that the yield strength of block foam showed a relativelylower value than that of sheet foam, even though the block foam had higher relative density. The existence of unique interfacesin the multi-sheet stacked block foam may have affected strength and plastic deformation. Finally, distinct compressivebehaviors related to the structural and microstructural characteristics of block Ni–Cr–Al foam are discussed.

온실의 환기제어를 위한 PID제어 시뮬레이션

정태상,김태규,김명규,문성동 진주산업대학교 1998 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.5

본 연구는 소형 모형 온실에 환경계측제어 장치를 설치하여 환기 냉방제어계의 온도 예측 수식모형 동정에 필요한 파라미터 식별을 실행하였고, 그 결과를 기초로 하여 비례적분미분제어법을 이용한 환기 냉방제어 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 그 결과 가장 우수한 제어성능을 나타내는 PID게인은 kp=1, ki=5, kd=1로 나타났다. 또한 PID제어법은 작은 환경의 변화, 제어방법, 계절변화 등에 적응하기 위해서는 게인의 변동은 필수적이라 생각된다. In this paper, parameters of mathematical model of temperature prediction for the ventilating cooling system were identified in a model greenhouse built for this study. With results from the parameter identification, operation simulations on ventilating cooling systems were carried out by proportional integrated derivative(PID) control. And them most efficient PID gains were verified, that is kp=1, ki=5, kd=1. The PID control was superior in temperature control, altough it needed to adjust gains according to daily variation, vent control methods, seasonal variations, and etc.

玉胚芽油 사용시 小型디젤機關의 運轉性能에 關한 硏究

金泰圭,鄭鳳守,黃光性,金明奎,鄭泰相,愼英喆 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1991 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to figure out the engine performance of corn oil as a diesel engine fuels. corn oil-diesel fuel mixtures in 3 type proportions were tested in a single cylinder diesel test engine. The automatic and successive data for engine performance obtained by microcomputer-measuring system. The results of experiment summarized as follows 1. The viscosity reduction ratio of corn oil was approximately 80% when the temperature raised from 10℃ to 60℃. 2. The maximum torque and maximum power out were decreased with increasing of the amount of corn oil in the mixture, it was considered of the lower specific heat value of corn oil comparative to diesel fuel. 3. In view of fuel consumption and thermal efficiency tested engine with corn oil-diesel fuel blends showed better performance at heavy loads and at high speeds.

전통 사상 및 교육 방법의 현대 도덕 교육과정에서의 활용 가능성 연구

함규진 ( Kyu-jin Ham ),신창호 ( Chang Ho Shin ),임홍태 ( Hong Tae Lim ),지준호 ( Chun-ho Chi ) 한국철학사연구회 2016 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.50

도덕은 하나의 철학적, 심리적 상념으로서도 존재하지만, 실천으로 이어져야만 비로소 도덕으로서 역할을 할 수 있게 된다. 기본적으로 도덕이란 타자가 자신과 공존할 때, 그 타자와의 관계에서 좋음(goodness) 또는 옳음(righteousness)을 추구하는 것이기 때문이다. 그런 도덕이란 대부분 본능적으로 체득할 수 없기에 도덕교육이 있게 되는데, 한국인의 경우 서구와 다른 도덕적 전통을 갖고 있으며 따라서 서구적 도덕교육으로 충분하지 않거나, 전통적 도덕교육을 활용함으로써 더 나은 교육이 이루어질 수 있는 가능성을 찾을 수 있다. 그런 견지에서 전통의 실천적 의미를 재해석하고 활용하는 일은 한편의 논문으로는 너무 방대한 과제이다. 그래서 이 글에서는 비교와 범주화, 그리고 활용의 편의를 위해 전통을 ‘근세 유교(조선왕조 이후의 유교) 전통’으로 한정짓고, 다시 도덕교육 가운데 현행 도덕과 교육의 교육과정을 전통 교육과정과 비교함으로써 일정한 성과를 얻고자 하였다. 전통 교육과정은 기(氣)의 발달에 근거하여 연령별로 단계별 학습을 시도했으며, 그 핵심 이념은 인(仁)과 의(義), 실천적 덕목은 효(孝), 제(弟), 자(慈), 직(直), 근(勤), 검(儉)이라고 정리해볼 수 있다. 여기서는 그러한 전통 교육 이념이 ‘자신과의 관계’, ‘타인과의 관계’, ‘사회 공동체와의 관계’, ‘자연·초월과의 관계’로 영역을 나누고 각기 지향할 가치, 실천할 덕목을 배정한 현 도덕과 교육의 체계와 상통할 수 있다고 보고, 그에 따라 교육 현장에서 실천할 몇 가지 전통-현대 융합적 교육 방안들을 제안하였다. Any moral ideas get integrity upon their practices. Because in human society systems, morality have capability among human interactions, for it gives moral standards(good or bad/ right or wrong) to them. And when the society system is Korean, Koreans surely have developed unique styles of moral practice and moral education in their traditional ages. So reinterpretating and categorizing the moral tradition for taking advantage of it in contemporary context, make sense. In this study, Korean moral tradition is focused in its scope, as ``Confucian moral tradition in semi-modern era``. For convenience of study and the potentials of effective revision, Korean tradition have been resized. In Confucian moral tradition, semi-modern Korean moral ideas could be presented as ren(仁) and yi(義). Furthermore, ren and yi could be practiced with several moral virtues, like xiao(孝), di(弟), ci(慈), zhi(直) qin(勤) gian(儉). When compared with contemporary moral education idea systems, the traditional system can have affinity with the systems in moral ideas division(``with-self morality``, ``with-others morality``, ``with-universe and transcendence morality``). And several fusion-style, integration-based education practices can be developed and applied at contemporary school moral education.

腹部疼痛에 應用되는 經?에 對한 文?的 調査

金良奎,崔容泰 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1981 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.4 No.-

A. 高校 科學 (生物·地球科學) 및 數學科 探究學習의 評價模型 定立과 評價紙 開發

李相協,權炳奎,林在圭,孫文求,吳岱燮,楊洪準,梁承榮,姜用熙,林成圭,金正遠,金吉民,兪正在 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1982 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Currently the evaluation of high school science and mathematics learning has been too much knowledge-centered without concerning the inquiring ability or scientific attitude. This study, therefore, was made for the purpose of establishing of evaluation model for high school science (biology and earth science) and mathematics learning and its evaluation items. In this paper, the research was done about three fields, biology, earth science and mathematics. 1. For the biology, the evaluation methods of inquiry learning were studied with the foreign references, and proper evaluation items were suggested. 2. For the earth science, after analizing 5 kinds of earth science textbook of current using in high school, essential 19 items were selected. 5 of them were tested in test group and control group, then, the results were analized. 3. For the mathematice, the teaching elements of「Set」and「Flow chart」in mathematics (Ⅰ) were selected and structured. Detailed teaching objects were established and evaluation items were introduced.

식도 자연파열[Boerhaave 증후군]의 외과적 치료;2례 보고

김근,장봉현,이종태,김규태,Kim, Keun,Chang, Bong-Hyun,Lee, Jong-Tae,Kim, Kyu-Tae 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1992 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.25 No.8

The spontaneous rupture of the esophagus is an uncommon disease, but without early diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate is high. This report is on the two cases treated at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyu-ngpook National University. The first patient, after heavy drinking, had vomiting followed by chest pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. After diagnosis using an esophagogram, an operation was perfomed. About a 4cm rupture was found at the lower left part of the esophagus and was primarily sutured with the intercostal muscle. The patient was weaned from the ventilator after 40 hours. The second patient had symptoms the same as the first case. Six days after the app-earence of the symptoms, the patient was treated by the Thais onlay gastric patch method. The leakage happened after the surgery and he received a conservative treatment. After discharge no abnormalities, such as leakage and stricture, were found on the eso-phagogram The two patients now live a normal life.

해양매립에서 준설토 매립시 환경오염 영향 및 대책연구

엄태규, 윤종태 경성대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏報 Vol.10 No.1

The main findings through this study are summarized as conclusion below ; When dredge soil (ill to sea area, suspended soil widely spread from main area to north of ga-duk island without the pollutant's fence, Especially, the total area of ung-dong bay is more than 20㎎/ℓ as SS concentration and the pollution of north of gaduk Island is considerable. Therefore dredge was needed the pollutant's fence, Consequently the only that main area is more than 20㎎/ℓ as SS concentration, decreasing of pollution is explicitly acknowledged on the ocean because the others except for dredged area is less than 2∼8㎎/ℓ as SS concentration with the pollutant's fence. It is only considered SS concentration of dredge soil, because concentration of BOD, TN and TP were very lower than not concentration. Heavy metal concentration of the dredge soil is lower than not only the standard of heavy metal in the sea-water but heavy metal concentration including sediments with dredged area. It is decided that the polluted surrounding area has been little by heavy metal.

위암세포에 의한 종양침윤 림프구의 면역반응 억제기전에 관한 연구

박정규,송규상,서광선,최정목,배진선,장일성,윤완희,노승무,조은경,백태현 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ('1°ILs) interact most closely with tumor cells and thus are more likely to reflect tumor host interactions accurately. But it is unknown whether such T cells are nonspecific inflammatory cells or a subset of specific host immune responses. In this study, there was no clear correlation between the infiltration of T lymphocytes in stomach cancer and the overexpression of c-ErbB-2 or increasing class I MHC expression on tumor cells. A positive correlation was seen between the presence of TILs in the tumor and tumors with diploidy by flow cytometric DNA analysis. The proliferative responses of Ills stimulated with IL-2, anti-CD3 mAb, or both were examined. When compared to normal mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphocytes, the proliferative response of TILs to high dose IL-2 was minimal. A similarly poor response to anti-CD3 mAb plus IL-2 was also observed. The freshly isolated TILs exhibit reduced ability to proliferate in response to IL-2, anti-CD3 mAb or both. The microenvironment of the tumor suppresses the proliferative capacity of the TILs. The mechanism of this suppression remains unknown. It could be mediated by suppressor cells, by soluble substances within the tumor, or both. To examine this question, supernatants of stomach cancer cells (SNSNU-1) were tested for the presence of immunosuppressive factors. Human peripheral blood T-cells and tumor-draining lymph node lymphocytes (TDLNL) were incubated for 3 days with SNSNU-1 and then assessed for proliferative responses to PMA, anti-CD28 mAb, or both and for the inducibility to express IFN- r or IL-4 mRNA to PMA. Peripheral blood T-cells pretreated with SNSNU-1 were unable to proliferate in response to PMA, anti-CD28 mAb or both. SNSNU-1 also produces inhibitory activities of TDLNL proliferative response to PMA or anti-CD28 mAb and PMA (49%, 52%, respectively). In contrast, culture supernatants obtained from HEp-2, K562 or Daudi showed normal proliferative responsiveness of peripheral blood T-cells and TDLNL by PMA, anti-CD28 mAb or both.

開心術後의 Ventilator Weaning에 關한 臨床的 考察

金圭太,韓承世,李鍾台 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

경북대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실에서 1979년 10월부터 1980년 7월까지 체외순환하 개심술을 시행하였던 27예의 환자를, 술후 20시간이내에 기관내삽관을 제거할 수 있었던 성공적 보조호흡중단군 (성공군) 8예와 제거할 수 없었던 불성공적 보조호흡중단군(불성공군) 19예로 구분하고 이들 兩群에 대해 술후 임상적소견, 폐기능검사성적, 술후 환자 상태의 임상적 펑가 등을 비교, 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 심기능의 장애정도가 심한 Fallot氏 4증후군과 후천적 심질환인 승모판막협착 및 대동맥폐쇄부전 등을 가진 예들은 개심수술 후에 모두 불성공군에 속하게 되었다. 2. 성공군에서는 개심수술 중의 체외순환시간이 82.8분이었던 것에 비하여, 불성공군에서는 128.5분으로 45.7분이 더 소요되었다. 3. 술후 펑균동맥압이 성공군에서는 96.7mmHg였는데 비하여, 불성공군에서는 87.7mmHg로서 9mmHg가 낮았다. 4. 술후 12시간이 경과한 후의 시간당출혈량은 성공군에서는 9.0ℓ/hr인데 반하여, 불성공군에서는 24.3㎖/hr로 많았다. 5. 흡입산소농도(FiO_2)의 변화를 보면, 성공군에서는 술후 12시간까지 시간경과에 따라 0.69, 0.41, 0.35의 순으로 순조롭게 낮출 수 있은 반면에, 불성공군에서는 0.63, 0.47, 0.48등으로 0.40 이하로 흡입산소의 농도를 낮출 수 없었다. 6. 폐기능검사 성적을 관찰하였을 때는, 강제폐활량(FVC)의 측정값만이 성공군과 불성공군間에 비교적 유의한 차이를 보였다. 7. 수술직후에 담당의사가 내린 술후 보조호흡중단의 예상시기에 대한 임상적 펑가는 정확도가 낮았고, 반면에 기침능력과 자기호흡능력에 의한 임상적 평가는 보조호흡 조기중단의 성공여부에 대한 유용한 지침이 되었다. Cardiac surgery is generally followed by a period of routine ventilator support. When the patient seems hemodynamically stable and relatively alert following surgery, respiratory adequacy is tested by the weaning trial. In this study, physiological and clinical predictors of postoperative respiratory adequacy, including values of pulmonary function tests, were examined in an attempt to identity those few variatles which predicted the outcome of the ventilator weaning trial foliowing surgery. Our series comprised 27 patients who underwent elective open intracardiac operations at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, from October, 1979 to July, 1980. The pulmonary function tests performed on all patients included the following; forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0), forced expiratory flow (FEF 25-75%), residual volume (RV), and functional residual capacity (FRC), measured with a helium dilution technique. Of our 27 patients, 8 were successfully weaned within 20 hours of operation. All patients with cyanotic heart diseases or acquired heart diseases were unsuccessfuly weaned. The bypass time in the successful weaning group was shorter in the mean value (82.8 minutes) than in the unsuccessful weaning group (128.5 minutes). There was a relatively significant difference in the mean values for the two groups in arterial pressure, bleeding amounts and FiO_2 among the postoperative monitoring variables, and in forced vital capacity (FVC). The postoperative clinical assessments appeared vague but corresponded reasonably well to appraisal of success in weaning, especially in variables of cough and self-respiration efforts.