관순법에 의한 휜-관 열교환기의 성능 해석

이태환,유충웅 진주산업대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

A cross-flow finned tube heat exchanger was investigated using a tube-by-tube method. The refrigerant R22 flows inside tubes while the air passes outside the finned tube. A self-constructed refrigerant circuitry was adopted. The refrigerant enthalpy at the exit of each tube and the average condensate layer thickness are investigated as a measure of the heat transfer and the observation with the quantity of condensation phenomenon respectively. The dependence of refrigerant enthalpy and the average condensate layer thickness on the refrigerant circuitry was also observed. It was confirmed that this method could be applied to the analysis of finned tube heat exchanger with condensation.

K 대학병원 서어비스에 대한 소비자 만족도

이태섭,박종원,이무식,윤능기,이충원,서석권 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

Authors administered a questionnaire to 300 clients visited to the K University Hospital during August in 1992 to investigate the degree and related factors of consumer's satisfaction with the hospital services. Clients consisted of 82 in-patients and 158 out-patients, 52.4 percent of them was male. Four dimensions of satisfaction were assessed which were medical management, administration, environment and attitude. In-patients reported as dissatisfied with the waiting time during receipt, investigative medical procedures and pharmacy (64.7%), lack of conveniency facilities for patients and their guardians(48.8%) and provision of conveniency facilities in the ward(42.4%), unsanitary state of out- and in-hospital(41.5%). Out-patients reported dissatisfaction with the course of medical management and the time needed(70.3%), the waiting time during receipt, investigative medical procedures and pharmacy(68.3%), lack of conveniency facilities for patients and guardians(42.4%). But both in-patients and out-patients were satisfied with medical equipments, doctor's diagnosis reliability and medical effects, technician's attitude more than 50%. Canonical correlation analysis was done to find related sociodemographic factors to the four dimensions of satisfaction. Of the four canonical functions, the first was only statistically significant in in-patients. Its eigen value was 0.56 and its canonical correlation coefficient was 0.60. Satisfaction with environment and medical management was selected as important concept in dependent variables. Standardized canonical function of environment and medical management were 0.76 and 0.35 respectively. It was related with woman with high educational attainment and increasing number of hospital visits. In out-patients, the first, second and third function were statistically significant and their eigen values were 0.18, 0.4, 0.08 respectively which were small compared to those of in-patients. Their canonical correlation coefficient were 0.40, 0.35, 0.28 respectively. Low degree of environment but high degree of medical management satisfaction was noted in the first function which was related with old age, woman and professional occupation. Low degree of satisfaction with administration(second function) was related with city resident, non-professional occupation and young age. High degree of medical management but low degree of administration satisfaction(third function) was related with surgical visitor, man and non-professional occupation. The direction of hospital managerial strategies could be planned and general characteristics of dissatisfactory clients might be suggested with these results.

청소년 행동장애의 6개월 단기 예후에 영향을 미치는 변인

최충식,진태원,채정호 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1996 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.7 No.2

고지 재사용이 제지공장 폐수에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 판지공장을 중심으로

김혜태,주충열,최규석 漢陽大學校環境科學硏究所 1987 環境科學論文集 Vol.8 No.-

제지의 원료로서 고지들이 virgin pulp에 비해 얼마나 많은 오염부하를 폐수에 미치며, 화학적, 생물학적 처리효율은 어떤가를 파악하기 위하여 오염도를 각 원료 1 ton당 BOD, COD, SS의 kg양으로 나타내었다. 이는 초지조건, 즉 용수사용량, 고지혼입률 등의 차이에도 오염부하량을 산정할 수 있도록 하는 한편, 최적처리조건을 도출하는데도 이용할 수 있다. 실험은 KS규격에 의해서 각 시료들의 수초지를 제조하여 그 초지백수를 원폐수로 하고 jar tester상에서 alum을 가하여 응집침전시킨 후 상층액을 화학적 응집침전처리수로 하였으며, 역시 원폐수를 일정시간 폭기시켜 방치한 후 상층액을 생화학적 활성오니처리수로 하였다. 본 실험에 의한 각 고지의 제지폐수의 특성은 virgin pulp에 비해 매우 높게 나타났는데 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째로 원폐수에서는 TCOD(kg-COD/ton-p)가 AOMG (41.1)>KONP(29.2)>AONP (24.6)>AOCC(24.2)>LUKP(5.9)>NBKP(2.8)순이며, TBOD(kg-BOD/ton-p)는 AOMG (22.5)>AOCC(20.1)>KONP(18.3)>AONP(16.1)>LUKP(5.1)>NBKP(2.5)순이며, SS(kg-SS/ton-p)는 AOMG(151.4)<KONP(50.0)>AONP(39.4)>AOCC(37.3)>LUKP (19.0)>NBKP(18.2)순이었다. 둘째로 화학적 응집침전처리에서 TCOD는 alum농도 100,400mg/l에서 peak cut가 일어났다. 셋째로 생물학적 활성오니처리에서는 폭기 4시간만에 AOMG를 제외하고 70%이상의 TBOD감소율을 보였다. 마지막으로 화분의 거동은 고지와 virgin pulp 사이에 뚜렷한 패턴의 구별을 보이지 않았다. When old papers are reused as the raw meterial for paper manufacturing, water and raw material come into contact directly in the process of paper manufacturing and fine fiber and all kinds of pollution elements of old papers get discharged with the waste water, thus increasing the load of pollution of paper manufacturing factory. This research is designed to measure the degree of pollution characteristics of old papers compared to virgin pulps. In order to obtain the outcome of optimum treatment condition, the unit of BOD, COD, SS is expressed in kg per ton of each raw material. The characteristics of waste water of each old paper obtained through this experiment are higher than those of waste water of virgin pulp and the following is the results. 1. In case of original influent (1) TCOD(kg-COD/ton-p) AOMG 41.1>KONP 29.2>AONP 24.6>AOCC 24.2>LUKP 5.9>NBKP 2.8 (2) TBOD(kg-BOD/ton-p) AOMG 22.5>AOCC 20.1>KONP 18.3>AONP 16.1>LUKP 5.1>NBKP 2.5 (3) SS(kg-SS/ton-p) AOMG 151.4>KONP 50.0>AONP 39.4>AOCC 37.3>LUKP 19.0>NBKP 18.2 2. In case of chemically treated effluent (1) As for TCOD, when concentration of alum is 100,400mg/l, the peak cut has occured (2) As for SS, when concentration of alum 100mg/l, the peak cut has occured. (3) Even up to 800mg/l concentration of alum, residual TCOD(kg-COD/ton-p) of effluents has shown AOMG 8.8>AOCC 4.6>AONP 3.9>KONP 3.8>LUKP=LBKP 1.2 3. In case of biochemically treated effluent (1) After 4 hours of aeration, except the effluent of AOMG, all kinds of effluents have shown over 70% decrease of TBOD. (2) Even up to 8 hours aeration, residual TBOD(kg-BOD/ton-p) has shown AOMG 4.8>KONP 2.9>AONP 2.7>AOCC 1.7>LUKP 1.0 4. There was no special pattern of the behavior of ash among the old papers and virgin pulps.

새마을運動의 促進을 위한 産學協同體制 連繫性과 그 活用에 관한 硏究

柳泰永,金忠起,李好璡 건국대학교 1982 새마을연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

It has already 10 years passed since Saemaul Undong (New Village Movement) broke out and researcher of this movement participated in its cooperation and analysis of the study. And also there are many a study and research going on and related literature. Especially, nowadays a lot of research activities and expertes become active in this country. But this study aims to investigate for the enhancement of industrial educational complex whether it is wisely used for the establishment of Saemaul policy and relationship between studies or its practical application. For this effective method, Researcher surveyed the historical background of Saemaul research works, the present situation of research institutes, and research records of performance. And also researchers investigated to ask for questionnaire to find out the problems from the chairman of the public administration who are in charge of Saemaul Undong for the effective usage of them. It will be definitely meaningful for the improvement of industrial-educational cooperation to process of Saemaul study by drawing out effectiveness and activation in it practical application to the method of study and upbrining direction for Saemaul institution. From the beginning of the study, a few of researchers and individual study were going to investigate in the area of Saemaul Undong to review of the situation and development history of Saemaul research. Whereas by the time when the full-fledged study and movement expansion were becoming active, the Saemaul research institutes were established in each university institution for their sincere research and organized the Saemaul study committee by the Saemaul education graduates. In this way, the numbers of Saemaul research institute attached to the University are reached to 89 different sections with the participation of the professors amounting to 527 members by the year 1977 and the members of the research committee amount to 671 by the 1981. These institute have been studied with the government research fund estimated two or three million won, Korean currency, by the group of four or five researchers in the Unversity from 1977 to the year of 1981 sponsored by the ministry of Education in Korea. Therefore, through the Saemaul institution they produced 99 research task works by spending two hundred and thirty nine million won (U.S. dollars 34,142,860). These research activities were mainly based on the particapation to function, service, and University research. The main content areas are as follows : 1. The research development of fundamental theory for the Saemaul Undone study 2. The study for the initiative plan 3. The scientic study of Saemaul Undong study 4. The industrial educational relation study This study was to investigate the effect of research sponsored by research funds through the questionnaire and collected from the chairman of each administrative staffs working as Saemaul Undong. The research tool was used by percentile rank. The followings are the result of the opinions from the staff members, 1. According to the questionnaire answers, the thesis was read by the staff less than one or three volumes 72% of the respondents. This reminds us of less opportunity to reach the materials they published. 2. Though Saemaul research materials published each year, they did not realize the information which is to publish. This makes the problem to communicate the information and replenishment. 3. Some of the respondent about 67 percent did not receive the research materials at all. This causes the problems which make effective investment. 4. Sixty eight percent of the respondents revealed their opinions to the main theme and content of the study to be effective use for further study. Therefore, the study must be effective in the area of possible utilization for this research and should be supplied to the members where they stayed in the administrative institution without limitation. In order to be effective method, the researcher can be solved the problems by following methodology as to systematize the research method of Saemaul Undong and to establish the expansion of the application method. The study related to Saemaul Movement load meaningful value and organization of its research, but it had not enough systematized each study and its relations with the practical application of the research. Therefore, the result of the study must have the correlation with each other. That is, the study of the process should be established by the systematic procedure and by the time or space order. Reconmmendation The following recomendation should be effective to the conclusion of the study. 1. The research proposal should be systematized so as to establish the main plan and theme. 2. The study must emphasize to set up the over all plan escaping from formal type of study. 3. You must set up the model area of the study and establish the methodology to be experimental by the process of research. And you should reevaluate the findings of them and reflect to the next study program in the future.

pH低下에 依한 Negative inotropic action에 미치는 Glucose 및 CaCl_2의 影響

金重暎,李聲鎭,徐大圭,金吉喆 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1972 慶北醫大誌 Vol.13 No.2

In recent years, it has been believed that the DNA synthetic time (S-phase) is between 7 and 9 hours, however, the reports on this subject were vastly variable and also variable on G_2-phase (postsynthetic time) We presumed that S-phase would not be constant but S+G_2 phase would be constant. And we estimated the percent of labeled mitosis with one day postnatal chick stomach, and calculated as followings: 1. The S-phase was 4.5 hours, G_2-phase was 8.8 hours. 2. Minimum S-phase was 3 hours. 3. The total generation time was 19.5 hours and similar with the other reports, and the second curve was irregular, so it was computed by means of a formula using the labeling index and S-phase. It could be concluded that there were some relations between shortened S-phase and prolonged G_2-phase, and S+G_2phase were constant, however, it is needed more consideration and further study.

새마을敎育의 效果的 推進方案을 위한 덴마아크 國民敎育의 比較硏究

柳泰永,金億煥,金忠起,趙誠一 건국대학교 1980 새마을연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions of selected members of teaching staffs and administrator concerning the effective method to pursue the Saemaul Movement throughout the country. A sample of 82 educational institutions was used to draw the process of Saemaul education. The major scope of this study is as follows : ① Educational facilities and institutions ② Man power and teaching staff ③ Curriculum ④ Finance Responses of the teaching staff to the opinionnaire were collected and analized in terms of percentages for each of twenty one statements. A return of 59.5 percent by the respondents was collected by mail. An analysis of the information resulting from this study led to the following conclusions : 1.A Saemaul education training institute should be a training center for leaching staff members and faculties. 2.A contribution to the Denmark reconstruction due to the erect of social education. 3.The education development of national spirit should be studied by general public school and during the summer vacation. 4.Curriculum should be organized to enlighten the security of the nation, patirotism, and value system. 5.The foundation of social education should start from the Saemaul education. The important direction of Saemaul education should be organized as follows : 1.A Saemaul education should stress the spiritual education for insuring substantiality of the national development and public livehood. 2.A Saemaul education should be organized and emphasized the harmony and unification of the nation. Consequently, the comprehensive institution of Saemaul Movement should establish to pursue the effectiveness of them.

CT performance phantom을 이용한 cone beam형 전산화단층영상의 특성

한충완,김규태,최용석,황의환 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2007 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.37 No.3

Purpose : To evaluate the characteristics of (widely used) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods : Images were obtained with CT performance phantoms (The American Association of Physicists in Medicine; AAPM). CT phantom as the destination by using PSR 9000N™ dental CT system (Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Ltd., Japan) and i-CAT CBCT (Imaging Science International Inc., USA) that have different kinds of detectors and field of view, and compared these images with the CT number for linear attenuation, contrast resolution, and spatial resolution. Results : CT number of both PSR 9000N™ dental CT system and i-CAT CBCT did not conform to the base value of CT performance phantom. The contrast of i-CAT CBCT is higher than that of PSR 9000N™ dental CT system. Both contrasts were increased according to thickness of cross section. Spatial resolution and shapes of reappearance was possible up to 0.6 mm in PSR 9000N™ dental CT system and up to 1.0 mm in i-CAT CBCT. Low contrast resolution in region of low contrast sensitivity revealed low level at PSR 9000N™ dental CT system and i-CAT CBCT. Conclusion : CBCT images revealed higher spatial resolution, however, contrast resolution in region of low contrast sensitivity was the inferiority of image characteristics.

동결보존한 마우스 집합배의 생존성과 chimera의 생산에 관한 연구

신상태,조충호 충남대학교부설 생명공학연구소 1991 생물공학연구지 Vol.1 No.-

The present study was carried out to investigate the viability of frozen-thawed aggregated mouse embryos and to produce the chimeras. Different phenotypic embryos were obtained by mating ICR female mice with ICR or CBA male mice. The aggregated morulae were produced following aggregation of embryos at 4-, 8- and 12- to 16-cell stage. The desirable stage for the aggregation of the mouse embryos was 8- to 16-cell stage. The post-thawed in vitro survival rates of aggregated embryos in glycerol, DMSO and ethylene glycerol were 51.5, 78.6 and 69.4%, respectively. Although the higher survival was obtained in DMSO, there were no significant differences in the survival rates among the three cryoprotectants. A total of 155 frozen-thawed aggregated embryos were transferred to 11 recipient mice, 3 out of 7 offspring were born to overt chimera. These experiments have proven that mouse chimeras can be obtained from forzen-thawed aggregated embryos.

흰쥐의 대동맥의 수축반응과 열충격단백질에 대한 비소의 영향

박태규,권윤정,김중영 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.6

In order to examine if arsenic, one of environmental stresses, contributes to hypertension as one of cardiovas cular pathological factors, this study was performed in vivo and in vitro, using intacted or pithed rats and aorta ring preparation, respectively. And also the relationship between expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 and vasoactives-induced contractile response was elucidated. To measure blood pressure, the carotid arterial pressure was recorded on physiograph(Grass Co. 79E) connected to strain gauge. On the other hand, contractile response of vascular ring preparation isolated from rat was determined in organ bath and was recorded on physiograph connected to isometric transducer. And HSP was detacted by Western blotting whole cell lysis. Preganglionic nerve stimulation was increased by 26.0% in arterial pressure of rat treated with arsenic. Vascular contractile response was monitored and HSP were measured by Western blotting of whole lysis prepared from samples exposed with 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM of arsenic for 8 hours. The dose-vascular responses of potassium chloride were augmented by increasing dose of arsenic in the strips exposed to arsenic for 8 hours, and were not augmented for 1, 3, 5 hours. And the response of relaxation of rat aorta induced by histamine was not influenced by arsenic stress. The increase of HSP 90 expression in rat aorta was pronounced at 8 hours after 4 mM of arsenic treatment, but HSP 60 expression was not. Arsenic stress not only increased the expression of HSP 90 in the rat aorta, but also augmented contractions to potassium chloride. These results indicated that arsenic stress was sufficient to induce heat shock protein 90, resulting in increased vascular contractility in rat aorta.