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Review : Epidemiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Japan and in the World
( Tadayuki Oshima ),( Hiroto Miwa ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.3
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), represented by functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are a group of disorders that include variable combinations of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. FGIDs account for a significant percentage of patients seen in primary care settings with abdominal symptoms. Although the definition of FGIDs can easily affect the prevalence, the prevalences of dyspepsia/FD and IBS diagnosed by the Rome III criteria in the general population are 5.3-20.4% and 1.1-29.2%, respectively. Recent reports of FD and IBS defined by the Rome III criteria indicated a female predominance. Regarding the subtype prevalence of FD, postprandial distress syndrome was more prevalent than epigastric pain syndrome (5.6-13.9% vs 0.9-9.5%). The subtype prevalence of IBS is characterized by male predominance for IBS with diarrhea and female predominance for IBS with constipation. Factors affecting the development of FGIDs such as epidemiological factors including genetic and environmental factors, are important. Gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of FGIDs. The prevalence differs among races and geographic areas. Foods may affect the development of FGIDs, but the causal relationships between food and FGIDs are not conclusive. The symptoms often regress and appear in the course of these entities. Building a favorable patient-doctor relationship is effective for controlling symptoms of FGIDs. Physicians should explain that FGIDs are highly prevalent conditions, impair the patients`` quality of life even without evident underlying organic causes and are not life-threatening conditions to ensure patients`` understanding. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:320-329)
Potent Potassium-competitive Acid Blockers: A New Era for the Treatment of Acid-related Diseases
( Tadayuki Oshima ),( Hiroto Miwa ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2018 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.24 No.3
Conventional proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used as a first-line therapy to treat acid-related diseases worldwide. However, they have a number of limitations including slow onset of action, influence by cytochrome P450 polymorphisms, unsatisfactory effects at night, and instability in acidic conditions. Alternative formulations of conventional PPIs have been developed to overcome these problems; however, these drugs have only introduced small advantages for controlling acid secretion compared to conventional PPIs. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) were developed and have beneficial effects including rapid, long-lasting, and reversible inhibition of the gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase, the proton pump of the stomach. Vonoprazan was recently innovated as a novel, orally active P-CAB. It is currently indicated for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, reflux esophagitis, and prevention of lowdose aspirin- or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related gastric and duodenal ulcer recurrence in Japan. Vonoprazan does not require enteric coating as it is acid-stable, and it can be taken without food because it is quickly absorbed. Vonoprazan accumulates in parietal cells under both acidic and neutral conditions. It does not require an acidic environment for activation, has long-term stability at the site of action, and has satisfactory safety and tolerability. Thus, vonoprazan may address the unmet medical need for the treatment of acid-related diseases. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;24:334-344)
Tadayuki Takagi,Mitsuru Sugimoto,Hidemichi Imamura,Yosuke Takahata,Yuki Nakajima,Rei Suzuki,Naoki Konno,Hiroyuki Asama,Yuki Sato,Hiroki Irie,Jun Nakamura,Mika Takasumi,Minami Hashimoto,Tsunetaka Kato 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.1
high tumors. Therefore, sufficient sampling of histological specimens is necessary in cases of unresectable pancreatic cancer (UR-PC). This multicenter study investigated the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) using a Franseen needlefor MSI evaluation in patients with UR-PC. Methods: A total of 89 patients with UR-PC who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) orEUS-FNB using 22-G needles at three hospitals in Japan (2018–2021) were enrolled. Fifty-six of these patients (FNB 23 and FNA 33)were followed up or evaluated for MSI. Patient characteristics, UR-PC data, and procedural outcomes were compared between patientswho underwent EUS-FNB and those who underwent EUS-FNA. Results: No significant difference in terms of sufficient tissue acquisition for histology was observed between patients who underwentEUS-FNB and those who underwent EUS-FNA. MSI evaluation was possible significantly more with tissue samples obtained usingEUS-FNB than with tissue samples obtained using EUS-FNA (82.6% [19/23] vs. 45.5% [15/33], respectively; p<0.01). In the multivariateanalysis, EUS-FNB was the only significant factor influencing the possibility of MSI evaluation. Conclusions: EUS-FNB using a Franseen needle is desirable for ensuring sufficient tissue acquisition for MSI evaluation.
Tadayuky(Tad) Hara,Dana Tesone 한국관광학회 2008 International Journal of Tourism Sciences Vol.8 No.1
Researcher conducted quantitative analyses of Japanese hotel employees' job satisfaction and its association with the other variables such as actual annual salary, desired annual salary, age, gender, highest education, years in the industry, number of jobs switched, size of the hotel etc. While some of the descriptive statistics might indicate that overall mean score of the job satisfaction appears to be improving, the research revealed where the increased variances of satisfaction might have come from. Series of hypotheses testing based on the industry-generated questions were conducted. While there were substantial evidences to support some allegations, relatively huge variances often indicated that the reality around the job satisfaction would be more complicated than simple linear modeling can explain its vanances.
An Approach to Robotization of Rokogi-Wasen
Tadayuki Nakano,Sinji Usui,Akira Shimada 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This paper introduces the automatic control technique related to ”rokogi- wasen”, which is a kind of Asian traditional boats. In order to robotize the boat, we need to derive the mathematical model to the rokogi-wasen. Therefore, we try to analyze the basic principle to generate propulsion force of the boat, which is based on lift and drag force and moment on airfoil theory, at first. This paper describes the force and moment generating process and leads to design the motion control system for the rokogi-wasen.
( Tadayuki Oshima ),( Kewin T H Siah ),( Yong Sung Kim ),( Tanisa Patcharatrakul ),( Chien-lin Chen ),( Sanjiv Mahadeva ),( Hyojin Park ),( Min-hu Chen ),( Ching-liang Lu ),( Xiaohua Hou ),( Duc T Qua 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.1
Background/Aims Gastroparesis is identified as a subject that is understudied in Asia. The scientific committee of the Asian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association performed a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices survey on gastroparesis among doctors in Asia. Methods The questionnaire was created and developed through a literature review of current gastroparesis works of literature by the scientific committee of Asian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association. Results A total of 490 doctors from across Asia (including Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam) participated in the survey. Gastroparesis is a significant gastrointestinal condition. However, a substantial proportion of respondents was unable to give the correct definition and accurate diagnostic test. The main reason for lack of interest in diagnosing gastroparesis was “the lack of reliable diagnostic tests” (46.8%) or “a lack of effective treatment” (41.5%). Only 41.7% of respondents had access to gastric emptying scintigraphy. Most doctors had never diagnosed gastroparesis at all (25.2%) or diagnosed fewer than 5 patients a year (52.1%). Conclusions Gastroparesis can be challenging to diagnose due to the lack of instrument, standardized method, and paucity of research data on normative value, risk factors, and treatment studies in Asian patients. Future strategies should concentrate on how to disseminate the latest knowledge of gastroparesis in Asia. In particular, there is an urgent need to estimate the magnitude of the problems in high risk and idiopathic patients as well as a standardized diagnostic procedure in Asia. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:46-54)
PANORAMIC VIEWS OF GALAXY CLUSTER EVOLUTION: GALAXY ECOLOGY
Kodama, Tadayuki,Koyama, Yusei,Hayashi, Masao,Ken-ichi, Tadaki The Korean Astronomical Society 2010 天文學論叢 Vol.25 No.3
Taking the great advantage of Subaru's wide field coverage both in the optical and in the near infrared, we have been providing panoramic views of distant clusters and their surrounding environments over the wide redshift range of 0:4 < z < 3. From our unique data sets, a consistent picture has been emerging that the star forming activity is once enhanced and then truncated in galaxy groups in the outskirts of clusters during the course of cluster assembly at z < 1. Such activity is shifted into cluster cores as we go further back in time to z ~ 1.5. At z = 2 - 2.5, we begin to enter the epoch when massive galaxies are actually forming in the cluster core. And by z ~ 3, we eventually go beyond the major epoch of massive galaxy formation. It is likely that the environmental dependence of star forming activity is at least partly due to the external environmental effects such as galaxy-galaxy interaction in medium density regions at z < 1, while the intrinsic effect of galaxy formation bias overtakes the external effect at higher redshifts, resulting in a large star formation activity in the cluster center.