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A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Enhancer Expression in Nearly 9000 Patient Samples
Chen, Han,Li, Chunyan,Peng, Xinxin,Zhou, Zhicheng,Weinstein, John N.,Caesar-Johnson, Samantha J.,Demchok, John A.,Felau, Ina,Kasapi, Melpomeni,Ferguson, Martin L.,Hutter, Carolyn M.,Sofia, Heidi J.,Ta Elsevier 2018 Cell Vol.173 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>The role of enhancers, a key class of non-coding regulatory DNA elements, in cancer development has increasingly been appreciated. Here, we present the detection and characterization of a large number of expressed enhancers in a genome-wide analysis of 8928 tumor samples across 33 cancer types using TCGA RNA-seq data. Compared with matched normal tissues, global enhancer activation was observed in most cancers. Across cancer types, global enhancer activity was positively associated with aneuploidy, but not mutation load, suggesting a hypothesis centered on “chromatin-state” to explain their interplay. Integrating eQTL, mRNA co-expression, and Hi-C data analysis, we developed a computational method to infer causal enhancer-gene interactions, revealing enhancers of clinically actionable genes. Having identified an enhancer ∼140 kb downstream of PD-L1, a major immunotherapy target, we validated it experimentally. This study provides a systematic view of enhancer activity in diverse tumor contexts and suggests the clinical implications of enhancers.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Systematic analysis of enhancer expression across ∼9,000 samples of 33 cancer types </LI> <LI> Global enhancer activation positively correlates with aneuploidy but not mutations </LI> <LI> A computational method that infers causal enhancer-target-gene relationships </LI> <LI> Enhancers as key regulators of therapeutic targets, including PD-L1 </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Congenital mitral valve stenosis in a Chinchilla cat
Lu, Ta-Li,Hung, Yong-Wei,Choi, Ran,Hyun, Changbaig The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2016 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.56 No.3
A one-year-old, 3.25 kg intact male Chinchilla cat presented with acute right hind limb paralysis. Diagnostic imaging studies found cardiomegaly with interstitial lung pattern, abnormal mitral valve leaflets without maximum opening at the end of the ventricular diastole and during atrial systole and severe mitral inflow obstruction. Based on these findings and its young age, the case was diagnosed as congenital mitral valve stenosis. Treatment was directed to stabilize clinical conditions related to heart failure, to prevent further formation of thrombus and to relieve pain associated with thromboembolism. After one month of therapy, hind limb motor function was fully recovered.
An Extended Multi-Server-Based User Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme with User Anonymity
( Chun-ta Li ),( Cheng-chi Lee ),( Chi-yao Weng ),( Chun-i Fan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.1
With the explosive growth of computer networks, many remote service providing servers and multi-server network architecture are provided and it is extremely inconvenient for users to remember numerous different identities and passwords. Therefore, it is important to provide a mechanism for a remote user to use single identity and password to access multi-server network architecture without repetitive registration and various multi-server authentication schemes have been proposed in recent years. Recently, Tsaur et al. proposed an efficient and secure smart card based user authentication and key agreement scheme for multi-server environments. They claimed that their scheme satisfies all of the requirements needed for achieving secure password authentication in multi-server environments and gives the formal proof on the execution of the proposed authenticated key agreement scheme. However, we find that Tsaur et al.`s scheme is still vulnerable to impersonation attack and many logged-in users` attack. We propose an extended scheme that not only removes the aforementioned weaknesses on their scheme but also achieves user anonymity for hiding login user`s real identity. Compared with other previous related schemes, our proposed scheme keeps the efficiency and security and is more suitable for the practical applications.
( Li-da Chen ),( Ta-te Lin ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Milk fat is one of the most important animal oils in the food industry due to its high nutritional value and market cost. However, when affected by adulteration, it leads to economic loss for food manufacturers, and moreover, causing harm to human health. This research demonstrates the application of hyperspectral and fluorescence imaging in assessing the concentration of animal and plant oil mixture. Milk fat samples were adulterated with different plant oil samples at different concentrations. Spectrum analysis was performed using hyperspectral imaging and fluorescence imaging with light source excitation obtained from an Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM). A model was developed using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to determine what kind of plant oil is being adulterated, while Support Vector Regression (SVR) was used to determine the actual concentration of the oil mixture. This technique can serve as a rapid detection tool to help speed up the traditional inspection process.