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Leibnizian Naturalism Seen from His Reception of Anaxagoras’s “Perichôresis”
Tsuyoshi Matsuda 서울대학교 철학사상연구소 2017 철학사상 Vol.S No.-
After a series of the contributions of Leibniz scholars to the explication of Leibniz’s “perichôresis” in connection with Bisterfeld, it is interesting and important to pick up the moment of the temporalization in Leibniz’s conception of “the chain of beings” from his reception of Anaxagoras, so as to shed light on a phase of naturalism in his philosophy of living beings. This claim will be described from three arguments. In the relationship of Bisterfeld with Leibniz, we cannot find the temporal and biological elements. On the other hand, we can see the biological and temporal aspects of “perichôresis” in Anaxagoras from his standard exegetics and that of Leibniz’s time from the comments of Cudworth for explaining the emergence of the living things. We will also make explicit the biological truth claims of “perichôresis” of Leibniz’s own mechanist philosophy of the nature of living beings in his confrontation with G.E.Stahl’s vitalism.
Tsuyoshi Hattori,Philippe Lluel,Céline Rouget,Moèz Rekik,Mitsuharu Yoshiyama 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2017 International Neurourology Journal Vol.21 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the potential involvement of a specific subtype of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5HT2 receptors in neurally-induced contractions of the human detrusor. Methods: Contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were examined in human isolated urinary bladder muscle strips. The potentiation of EFS-induced detrusor contraction was examined by adding cumulative concentrations of a 5-HT and 5-HT2 receptor agonist, α-methyl-serotonin (α-Me-5-HT) (1nM–100μM) in the presence or absence of a 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin (5-HT2A>5-HT2C) or naftopidil (5-HT2B>5-HT2A) (0.3–3μM). Results: 5-HT and α-Me-5-HT potentiated EFS-induced contraction with a maximal effect (Emax) of 37.6% and 38.6%, respectively, and with pEC50 (negative logarithm of the concentration required for a half-maximal response to an agonist) values of 8.3 and 6.8, respectively. Neither ketanserin nor naftopidil at any concentration produced a rightward displacement of the α-Me-5-HT concentration response curve. Instead, the Emax of α-Me-5-HT increased in the presence of ketanserin at 0.3–1μM and in the presence of naftopidil at 1μM to 51% and 56%, respectively, while the Emax in the presence of vehicle alone was 36%. The highest concentration (3μM) of either drug, however, fully reversed the enhancement. Conclusions: The potentiating effect of α-Me-5-HT on neurally-induced contraction of human urinary bladder muscle strips was not found to be mediated via any 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. The underlying mechanism for the enhancement of the α-Me- 5-HT potentiating effect on detrusor contractility by ketanserin and naftopidil remains unknown; however, our results suggest that these drugs may be useful for treating contractile dysfunction of the detrusor, as manifested in conditions such as underactive bladder.
Development and clinical translation of photoacoustic mammography
Tsuyoshi Shiina,Masakazu Toi,Takayuki Yagi 대한의용생체공학회 2018 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.8 No.2
To practically apply photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology in medicine, we have developed prototypes of a photoacousticmammography (PAM) device to acquire images for diagnosing breast cancer in the Kyoto University/Canon joint researchproject (CK project supported by MEXT, Japan). First, the basic ability of the PAM system to visualize the network ofblood vessels and the Hb saturation index was evaluated using a prototype of PAM that has a flat scanning detector and iscapable of simultaneously acquiring photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound images. Next, another prototype of a PAM devicewith hemispherical sensors was developed to improve the visibility of the 3D structure of vessels by reducing the limitedview effect. In clinical examination of breast cancer cases, the PAM system allowed 3D visualization of fine vesselnetworks with a spatial resolution of a half-millimeter and enabled us to determine the features of tumor-related vascularstructures in human breast cancer. In addition, the oxygen saturation status of Hb was visualized using two differentwavelengths, enabling more precise characterization of the tumor microenvironment. Results of clinical evaluation usingour developed prototype of a PAM device confirmed that PA imaging technology has the potential to promote earlydetection of breast cancer, and realization of its practical use is expected in the near future.
The effect of image and memory for urban scenery
Tsuyoshi Kigawa 한국생태환경건축학회 2019 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.19 No.2
Scenery in human perception can be constituted not only with the real landscape but also with images and memories in them. This discussion is quite abstract but very important for urban planning. Normally urban planning can be designed for fulfilling functional demands or based on unified culture in each country. In my presentation, we would see a story about a lady visiting her lecture after 66 years absent and my experience how my image on Korean city has changed. And discuss the effect of image and memory for urban scenery.
Tsuyoshi Hattori,Kimio Sugaya,Saori Nishijima,Katsumi Kadekawa,Tomoyuki Ueda,Hideyuki Yamamoto 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2019 International Neurourology Journal Vol.23 No.4
Purpose: Alpha-1-adrenoceptor blockers (e.g., naftopidil) are prescribed for the treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms. Although the mechanism of action of naftopidil has been studied in various organs, that in the urinary bladder remains unknown. To clarify the direct effects of naftopidil on this organ, activities were assessed in the isolated rat whole urinary bladder. Methods: A total of 30 female rats were used. In Experiment 1, bladder activity was measured during a cumulative administration of 2.5–75μM naftopidil (n=7). In Experiment 2, rats were divided into 2 groups: control (n=10) and naftopidil (5 mg/ animal/day, oral gavage, once-daily for 2 weeks) (n=13). After the treatment period, plasma was obtained from each rat. The urinary bladders were harvested from the control rats. Isovolumetric rhythmic bladder contractions were induced at above the threshold volume, and intravesical pressure was recorded. Control plasma was added to the organ bath; after subsequent wash-out, plasma collected from rats administered naftopidil was added. In Experiment 3, the plasma levels of monoamines and amino acids were quantified using the individual plasma prepared in the Experiment 2. Results: Cumulative dosing with naftopidil did not change the interval between spontaneous contractions compared to the interval at baseline. After adding control plasma, the interval was shortened compared to the baseline (P=0.008). The plasma collected from rats administered naftopidil suppressed the shortening of the interval compared to the control plasma (P=0.041). Naftopidil resulted in a decrease in the level of noradrenaline (P=0.009) and an increase in that of glycine (P=0.014). Conclusions: Although naftopidil did not directly act on the interval between spontaneous contractions of the urinary bladder, the plasma collected from rats administered naftopidil, with changing levels of monoamines and amino acids, may suppressed shortening the interval.
Food Intake and Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue
Tsuyoshi Goto,Minji Kim,Haruya Takahashi,Nobuyuki Takahashi,Teruo Kawada 대한비만학회 2016 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.25 No.3
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is regarded as a key target for developing interventions to prevent and treat obesity and age-related diseases. In addition, uncoupling pro tein 1 (UCP1) - expressing “brown-like” adipocytes, known as beige cells, that develop in white adipose tissue (WAT) under certain physiological conditions and pharmacological stimuli. The effects of ageing on BAT atrophy and functional decline further strengthen the notion that healthy eating habits and food choices play an extremely vital role against reduction in the number of BAT and beige cells as people approach middle age. This review aims to cover recent progress in food items and pharmaceuticals that activate or induce BAT and UCP1.
Finding “I-You” in urban fabrics and the effect of the dwellers" collective memories
Tsuyoshi, Kigawa 한국생태환경건축학회 2020 한국생태환경건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.20 No.2
This study considers the view of the city based on Buber"s concept of “I-You” and how the image of the city as seen by individual residents can be used in urban planning. For this purpose, wewill see Akiya, a town in the suburbs of Yokosuka City, as a case study. The author"s family name is Kigawa. Owing to this, I became acquainted with a woman ling in the U.S. Through search for her real mother in Yokosuka, I came to understand the life of a woman returning to Japan after 66 years, and the collective memory that is still alive in the region.