Die volkerrechtliche Stellung des Individuums vor dem innerstaatlichen Gericht -Theorie und Praxis in Japan-

Taira Nishi 한양대학교 법학연구소 2009 법학논총 Vol.26 No.1

Effect of electron-acceptor strength of zeolite on the luminescence decay rate of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ incorporated within zeolites

Taira, Nobuyuki,Saitoh, Masashi,Hashimoto, Shuichi,Moon, Hyung Rang,Yoon, Kyung Byung Royal Society of Chemistry 2006 PHOTOCHEMICAL AND PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.5 No.9

<P>We carried out time-resolved luminescence and transient absorption studies of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) complex, Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2+</SUP> assembled in the supercages of zeolites X and Y exchanged with various alkali metal cations. The average lifetime of the luminescence decay, a measure of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) rate, of Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2+</SUP>* was found to decrease with increasing the electron-acceptor strength of the host which is represented by the Sanderson's electronegativity scale. This result strongly suggests that the zeolite host plays the role of electron acceptor for Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2+</SUP>*. However, we could not detect Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> in the transient absorption spectra, most likely due to very low absorption coefficient of Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> and to the low efficiency of net PET. For the above observation to be made, it is essential to employ the dehydrated zeolite hosts to allow direct interaction between the guest Ru(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) complex and the host framework. The present study demonstrates the active role of the zeolite hosts during the PET of incorporated Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2+</SUP> under the carefully controlled experimental conditions. This report demonstrates the fact that the zeolite hosts can serve as electron acceptors although in the past zeolites were shown to play the role of electron donors.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Luminescence quencing due to ET to the zeolite host was observed in Na<SUP>+</SUP>–Y but not in Na<SUP>+</SUP>–X. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b605469b'> </P>

INTRODUCTION TO DIFFUSIVE LOGISTIC EQUATIONS IN POPULATION DYNAMICS

Taira, Kazuaki 한국전산응용수학회 2002 The Korean journal of computational & applied math Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to provide a careful and accessible exposition of diffusive logistic equations with indefinite weights which model population dynamics in environments with strong spatial heterogeneity. We prove that the most favorable situations will occur if there is a relatively large favorable region (with good resources and without crowding effects) located some distance away from the boundary of the environment. Moreover we prove that a population will grow exponentially until limited by lack of available resources if the diffusion rate is below some critical value; this idea is generally credited to Thomas Malthus. On the other hand, if the diffusion rate is above this critical value, then the model obeys the logistic equation introduced by P. F. Verhulst .

1945년 이후 일본 과학 교육의 역사

Taira, Kazuhiro 춘천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1978 과학교육연구 Vol.5 No.-

이 논문에서는 일본에 있어서의 과학 교육의 역사가 제시되었다. 연구 결과는 과학 교육에 영향을 주는 요인들이 Bybee에 의하여 지적된 미국에 있어서의 요인들과 같은 것임을 나타낸다. 과학 교육의 첫 째 모형이 1947년에 수입되었기 때문에 미국에 있어서의 과학 교육의 개혁 운동이 일본의 그것에 영향을 주어오고 있고 과학 교육의 각 모형이 일본의 사회적인 요구에 부합된다고 생각된다. 일본의 경제는 미국 경제에 따라 변천하고 있다. 만약 과학 교육에 있어서 미국과 일본 사이의 차이가 지적되었다면 이것은 윤리였을 것이다. 2000년을 넘는 동안 실행되어 온 일본인의 윤리는 상술한바와 같이 한 적당한 자연관을 이룩하였따. 그렇지만 이 자연관은 과학 교육의 발전을 저해하였다. 그러나 이 관점은 현대적인 과학교육에 의해서만 개혁될 것이다.

Results of a retrospective analysis of gemcitabine as a second-line treatment after chemoradiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Taira, Koichi,Boku, Narikazu,Fukutomi, Akira,Onozawa, Yusuke,Hironaka, Shuichi,Yoshino, Takayuki,Yasui, Hirofumi,Yamazaki, Kentaro,Taku, Keisei,Hashimoto, Takayuki,Nishimura, Tetsuo Springer-Verlag 2008 Journal of gastroenterology Vol.43 No.11

Cardiac Rehabilitation Increases Exercise Capacity with a Reduction of Oxidative Stress

Taira Fukuda,Miwa Kurano,Kazuya Fukumura,Tomohiro Yasuda,Haruko Iida,Toshihiro Morita,Yumiko Yamamoto,Nami Takano,Issei Komuro,Toshiaki Nakajima 대한심장학회 2013 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.43 No.7

Background and Objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate various signaling pathways that underlie vascular inflammation in atherogenesis and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has a variety of multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflam -matory effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CR on ROS in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Subjects and Methods: The serum level of derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites, an index of oxidative stress, was measured in 100 patients with cardiovascular diseases before, and, subsequently, 3 and 6 months after, CR. A biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test was applied to assess the antioxidant power of the serum. Results: The resting reactive oxidative metabolite levels decreased 3-6 months after CR {pre: 351±97 Carratelli unit (CARR U), 3 months:329±77 CARR U, 6 months: 325±63 CARR U, all p<0.01} with the increase of the percentage of the predicted values of V˙O 2 peak and the percentage of the predicted values of V˙O 2 at the anaerobic threshold (V˙O 2 AT ) and the decrease of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). The BAP test and antioxidative/oxidative stress ratio increased 6 months after CR. The % changes of the antioxidative/oxidative stress ratio was positively correlated with the % changes of V˙O 2 AT , and negatively correlated with the % changes of the BNP. Conclusion: These results suggest that intensive supervised CR significantly improved exercise capacity, which may be attributable to an adaptive response involving more efficient oxidative metabolites or the increased capacity of endogenous anti-oxidative systems in pa -tients with cardiovascular diseases.

Fundamental Analysis of Real-time PCR Quantification and Modeling for Thermophilic L-Lactate Fermentation by Bacillus coagulans from Glucose

Taira Hidaka,Hiroshi Tsuno,Haruka Yagi,Yusuke Kosaka 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.2

Batch and semi-continuous thermophilic L-lactate fermentation experiments were performed using Bacillus coagulans and glucose as a substrate. Reactor performance and biomass concentrations were assessed using two methods: turbidity as a traditional biomass index and realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantification of 16S rRNA genes. In the batch experiment, although the relationship between turbidity and real-time PCR assay differed depending on the growth phase, a correlation was observed between both assay methods. In the semicontinuous experiment, real-time PCR measurement was well suited for use as an index for evaluating bacterial mass under different organic loading conditions. A mathematical model was applied to evaluate the real-time PCR quantification to long-term, semi-continuous lactate fermentation. Lactate fermentation was well suited since only B. coagulans was involved in the reactions. The results obtained revealed a fundamental relationship between real-time PCR and traditional biomass analyses. Batch and semi-continuous thermophilic L-lactate fermentation experiments were performed using Bacillus coagulans and glucose as a substrate. Reactor performance and biomass concentrations were assessed using two methods: turbidity as a traditional biomass index and realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantification of 16S rRNA genes. In the batch experiment, although the relationship between turbidity and real-time PCR assay differed depending on the growth phase, a correlation was observed between both assay methods. In the semicontinuous experiment, real-time PCR measurement was well suited for use as an index for evaluating bacterial mass under different organic loading conditions. A mathematical model was applied to evaluate the real-time PCR quantification to long-term, semi-continuous lactate fermentation. Lactate fermentation was well suited since only B. coagulans was involved in the reactions. The results obtained revealed a fundamental relationship between real-time PCR and traditional biomass analyses.

Study on the feasible treatment process for highly concentrated landfill leachate generated in arid region

( Taira Ikeda ),( Yasumasa Tojo ),( Takayuki Matsuo ),( Toshihiko Matsuto ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2017 No.1

Three sanitary landfills have been constructed in the West Bank, Palestine, by international cooperation from several years ago, in order to discontinue the open dumping that had been done up to now. Because of very dry climate feature, management of leachate generated from these landfills mainly relies on evaporation. However, as the side effect, serious odor problem became serious (especially, ammonia odor emitted from leachate pond). Further, because leachate more than the planned amount was generated, it overflows to outside of sites. In order to solve these problems, water treatment facility is needed. However, treated water is going to be used for irrigation because there is no river for discharging effluent. Although the introduction of a reverse osmosis membrane treatment facility (RO) is proposed at the site, leachate generated ate these sites is highly contaminated. Since the sustainability of RO treatment is greatly affected by the quality of the influent, it is necessary to consider pretreatment. Thus, the purpose of this study was set to propose a pretreatment process that can be taken at the site. Because acquisition of the real leachate generated at the site was difficult, artificially simulated leachate was created by using digestion sludge obtained from methane fermentation facility. Some reagents were added to assimilate to inorganic matter concentration of leachate generated at the site. Regarding organic matter concentration, both high BOD/COD and low BOD/COD were confirmed in leachate data of two sites. Artificially simulated leachate which had a high BOD/COD value was created by using some low molecular organic compounds. On the other hand, it was impossible to create simulated leachate which has a low BOD/COD value because high molecular organic compounds used (humic acid, tanic acid) did not dissolve well in digestion sludge. In this study, two physicochemical treatment methods, coagulation sedimentation with polyferric sulfate and fenton treatment were examined, targeted to reduce organic matter concentration. In every experiment, TOC was measured as an index of organic matter concentration. Regarding coagulation sedimentation, TOC removal rate increased to about 25% as the amount of polyferric sulfate added increased, but it did not rise any further. On the other hand, although fenton treatment to simulated leachate caused extremely severe foaming, TOC removal rate was less than 10%. Both results were not effective for pretreatment because organic matter composition of simulated leachate used was mainly composed of low molecular organic compounds. As a consequence, two treatment methods used in this study are ineffective against leachate which has high concentration of low molecular organic compounds. Because local leachate is likely to contain many of these, it is necessary to consider a biological treatment process.

Radial deformation and band-gap modulation of pressurized carbon nanotubes

Taira, Hisao,Shima, Hiroyuki,Umeno, Yoshitaka,Sato, Motohiro Techno-Press 2013 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.2 No.2

We numerically investigate the electronic band structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under radial corrugation. Hydrostatic pressure application to CNTs leads to a circumferential wave-like deformation of their initially circular cross-sections, called radial corrugations. Tight-binding calculation was performed to determine the band gap energy as a function of the amplitude of the radial corrugation. We found that the band gap increased with increasing radial corrugation amplitude; then, the gap started to decline at a critical amplitude and finally vanished. This non-monotonic gap variation indicated the metal-semiconductor-metal transition of CNTs with increasing corrugation amplitude. Our results provide a better insight into the structure-property relation of CNTs, thus advancing the CNT-based device development.

Effect of open-core screw dislocation on axial conductivity in semiconductor crystals

Taira, Hisao,Sato, Motohiro Techno-Press 2013 Advances in nano research Vol.1 No.3

The alternating current (AC) conductivity in semiconductor crystals with an open-core screw dislocation is studied in the current work. The screw dislocation in crystalline media results in an effective potential field which affects the electronic transport properties of the system. Therefore, from a technological view point, it is interesting to investigate properties of AC conductivity at frequencies of a few terahertz. To quantify the screw-induced potential effect, we calculated the AC conductivity of dislocated crystals using the Kubo formula. The conductivity showed peaks within the terahertz frequency region, where the amplitude of the AC conductivity was large enough to be measured in experiments. The measurable conductivity peaks did not arise in dislocation-free crystals threaded by a magnetic flux tube. These results imply different conductivity mechanisms in crystals with a screw dislocation than those threaded by a magnetic flux tube, despite the apparent similarity in their electronic eigenstates.