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Thermal and X-ray diffraction analysis studies during the decomposition of ammonium uranyl nitrate
Kim, B. H.,Lee, Y. B.,Prelas, M. A.,Ghosh, T. K. Springer Netherlands 2012 Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry Vol.292 No.3
<P>Two types of ammonium uranyl nitrate (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O and NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>, were thermally decomposed and reduced in a TG-DTA unit in nitrogen, air, and hydrogen atmospheres. Various intermediate phases produced by the thermal decomposition and reduction process were investigated by an X-ray diffraction analysis and a TG/DTA analysis. Both (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O and NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> decomposed to amorphous UO<SUB>3</SUB> regardless of the atmosphere used. The amorphous UO<SUB>3</SUB> from (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O was crystallized to γ-UO<SUB>3</SUB> regardless of the atmosphere used without a change in weight. The amorphous UO<SUB>3</SUB> obtained from decomposition of NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> was crystallized to α-UO<SUB>3</SUB> under a nitrogen and air atmosphere, and to β-UO<SUB>3</SUB> under a hydrogen atmosphere without a change in weight. Under each atmosphere, the reaction paths of (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O and NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> were as follows: under a nitrogen atmosphere: (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O → (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O → (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB> → NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> → A-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → γ-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → U<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB>, NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> → A-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → α-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → U<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB>; under an air atmosphere: (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O → (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O → (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB> → NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> → A-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → γ-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → U<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB>, NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> → A-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → α-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → U<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB>; and under a hydrogen atmosphere: (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O → (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O → (NH<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB> → NH<SUB>4</SUB>UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> → A-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → γ-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → α-U<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB> → UO<SUB>2</SUB>, NH<SUB>4</SUB> UO<SUB>2</SUB>(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> → A-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → β-UO<SUB>3</SUB> → α-U<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>8</SUB> → UO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P>
Hong, S.H.,Lee, S.E.,Jeong, Y.I.,Kim, H.C.,Chong, S.T.,Klein, T.A.,Song, J.W.,Gu, S.H.,Cho, S.H.,Lee, W.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary parasitology Vol.205 No.3
A survey was conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti infections in small mammals captured in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea (ROK). The serological prevalence of T. gondii (ELISA) and B. microti (IFAT) was 2.3% (15/667) and 2.1% (14/667), respectively. DNA extracts from small mammal heart tissues were screened by PCR for T. gondii and B. microti targeting regions of the GRA5 gene and the 18S rRNA and β-tubulin genes, respectively. Only 0.17% (1/578) of Apodemus agrarius was positive of T. gondii by PCR, while 0.52% (3/578) was positive of B. microti. All other small mammal species [Micromys minutus (16), Mus musculus (3), Myodes regulus (22), Microtus fortis (6), and Crocidura lasiura (42)] were negative for both T. gondii and B. microti. Based on sequence polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis, T. gondii closely aligned with Type I, a highly virulent strain, while B. microti positive samples closely aligned with US-type B. microti and others observed in the ROK, Russia, and Japan. These results indicate that A. agrarius is a reservoir for both T. gondii and B. microti in the ROK.
Sirunyan, A. M.,Tumasyan, A.,Adam, W.,Asilar, E.,Bergauer, T.,Brandstetter, J.,Brondolin, E.,Dragicevic, M.,Erö,, J.,Flechl, M.,Friedl, M.,Frü,hwirth, R.,Ghete, V. M.,Hartl, C.,Hö,rmann, N Springer-Verlag 2017 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2017 No.9
<P>A search is presented for massive spin-1 Z' resonances decaying to a top quark and a heavy vector-like top quark partner T. The search is based on a 2.6 fb(-1) sample of proton-proton collisions at 13TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analysis is optimized for final states in which the T quark decays to a W boson and a bottom quark. The focus is on all-jet final states in which both the W boson and the top quark decay into quarks that evolve into jets. The decay products of the top quark and of the W boson are assumed to be highly Lorentz-boosted and cannot be reconstructed as separate jets, but are instead reconstructed as merged, wide jets. Techniques for the identification of jet substructure and jet flavour are used to distinguish signal from background events. Several models for Z' bosons decaying to T quarks are excluded at 95% confidence level, with upper limits on the cross section ranging from 0.13 to 10 pb, depending on the chosen hypotheses. This is the first search for a neutral spin-1 heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a vector-like T quark in the all-hadronic final state.</P>
Yin, H.,Lee, T.,Choi, J.,Yip, A.C.K. Elsevier 2016 Microporous and mesoporous materials Vol.233 No.-
<P>Hydrogen separation from biomass-derived syngas is a critical step in the utilization of gasification technology. Compared with the traditional methods, membrane technology provides an effective and low-cost solution for adjusting the gas composition and collecting H-2 in syngas environments. In this study, a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)-based membrane, which is a potential candidate for H-2 separation from biomass-derived syngas, was successfully fabricated through the seeded (secondary) growth method and the subsequent post-treatments. The prepared ZIF-8 membrane exhibited a modest H-2 separation performance for H-2/CO2 and H-2/CO, with separation factors of 4.95 and 6.08, respectively, and a H-2 permeance of 7.81 x 10(-8) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1 at 200 degrees C in the simulated biomass-derived syngas environments (H-2/CO2/CO) with the presence of steam. In particular, the H-2/CO2 and H-2/CO separation factors were increased by 36% and 97%, respectively, with respect to those obtained through bare supports. Despite the promising H2 perm-selectivity, the H-2/CO2 and H-2/CO separation factors of ZIF-8 membranes at 200 degrees C under water-containing syngas environments were maintained up to 10 h but the longer exposure led to the gradual degradation and eventual reduction toward those of bare supports after 15 h seemingly due to the water-involved membrane degradation. This study provides the availability and limitation of ZIF-8 membranes for H-2 separations in stimulated biomass-derived syngas environments. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
Studies on the Fungi in Stored Rice
Mheen, T.I.,Cheigh, H.S.,Ragunathan, A.N.,Majumder, K.S. 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1982 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.10 No.3
미곡저장중 균류에 의한 미곡의 손실을 방지하기 위하여 1978년 12월 부터 1979년 6월까지 7개월간 싸일로, 평창고 및 통가리에 저장한 미곡시료(밀양23호)에서 균류를 분리, 동정하였다. 한국산 벼 및 현미에서 분리된 30종의 균류중, Aspergillus속 11종(A. caespitosus, A. condidus, A. chevalieri, A fischeri, A. fumigatus, A. fiavus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, A. ruber, A. sydowii, A. versicolor), Penicillium 속 5 종 (P. atramentosum P. chrysogenum, P. cyaneofulvum, P. nototum, P. steckii), Alternaria 속 2종 (Al. faesiculata, Al. grisea) Curvalaria 속 2종 (C, interseminata, C. tetromea), Trichothecium roseum, Nigrospora sphaerica, Rhizopus nigricans, Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., Helminthosporium spp., 및 Gliocladiopsis spp. 각 1종, 총 27종이 동정, 확인되었다. 한국산 벼에서 분리된 표면균류는 A. flavus와 A. candidus가 대부분이었으며, 현미에서는 A. sydowii가 많이 출현하였다. 또한 저장중 변질미에는 A. candidus, A. versicolor 및 A. glaucus group들이 주로 많았다. In order to prevent the losses of the rice by fungal deterioration during storage, fungal contaminants were isolated and identified from the grain samples (Milyang Nr.23) stored for seven months from December, 1978 to June, 1979 in silo, flat store and Tongari. Out of thirty cultures isolated from Korean paddy and brown rice samples, twenty seven species were identified, and there are eleven species of Aspergillus (A. caespitosus, A. condidus, A. chevalieri, A fischeri, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, A. ruber, A. sydowii, A. versicolor), five species of Penicillium (P. atramentosum, p. chrysogenum, P. cyaneofulvum, P. nototum, P. steckii), two species of each Alternaria (Al. faesiculata, Al. grisea) and Curvalaria (C, interseminata, C. tetromea), and one species of each Trichothecium roseum, Nigrospora sphaerica, Rhizopus nigricans, Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., Helminthosporium spp., and Gliocladiopsis spp. The major types of fungi grown on the surface of paddy during storage were A. flavus and A. candidus, while A. ruber and A. sydowii appeared in brown rice samples. And also A. candidus, A. versicolor and A. glacus groups were considered as major deteriorating microorganisms in stored brown and paddy rice in Korea.
After the Fall: The Dust and Gas in E+A Post-starburst Galaxies
Smercina, A.,Smith, J. D. T.,Dale, D. A.,French, K. D.,Croxall, K. V.,Zhukovska, S.,Togi, A.,Bell, E. F.,Crocker, A. F.,Draine, B. T.,Jarrett, T. H.,Tremonti, C.,Yang, Yujin,Zabludoff, A. I. American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.855 No.1
<P>The traditional picture of post-starburst galaxies as dust-and gas-poor merger remnants, rapidly transitioning to quiescence, has been recently challenged. Unexpected detections of a significant interstellar medium (ISM) in many post-starburst galaxies raise important questions. Are they truly quiescent, and if so, what mechanisms inhibit further star formation? What processes dominate their ISM energetics? We present an infrared spectroscopic and photometric survey of 33 E+A post-starbursts selected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, aimed at resolving these questions. We find compact, warm dust reservoirs with high PAH abundances and total gas and dust masses significantly higher than expected from stellar recycling alone. Both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)/total infrared (TIR) and dust-to-burst stellar mass ratios are seen to decrease with post-burst age, indicative of the accumulating effects of dust destruction and an incipient transition to hot, early-type ISM properties. Their infrared spectral properties are unique, with dominant PAH emission, very weak nebular lines, unusually strong H-2. rotational emission, and deep [C II] deficits. There is substantial scatter among star formation rate (SFR) indicators, and both PAH and TIR luminosities provide overestimates. Even as potential upper limits, all tracers show that the SFR has typically experienced a decline of more than two orders of magnitude since the starburst and that the SFR is considerably lower than expected given both their stellar masses and molecular gas densities. These results paint a coherent picture of systems in which star formation was, indeed, rapidly truncated, but in which the ISM was not completely expelled, and is instead supported against collapse by latent or continued injection of turbulent or mechanical heating. The resulting aging burst populations provide a 'high-soft' radiation field that seemingly dominates the E+A galaxies' unusual ISM energetics.</P>
Nguyen, T. L.,Choi, H.,Ko, S.-J.,Uddin, M. A.,Walker, B.,Yum, S.,Jeong, J.-E.,Yun, M. H.,Shin, T. J.,Hwang, S.,Kim, J. Y.,Woo, H. Y. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.7 No.9
<P>We report a series of semi-crystalline, low band gap (LBG) polymers and demonstrate the fabrication of highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs) in a thick single-cell architecture. The devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 7% without any post-treatment (annealing, solvent additive, <I>etc.</I>) and outstanding long-term thermal stability for 200 h at 130 °C. These excellent characteristics are closely related to the molecular structures where intra- and/or intermolecular noncovalent hydrogen bonds and dipole–dipole interactions assure strong interchain interactions without losing solution processability. The semi-crystalline polymers form a well-distributed nano-fibrillar networked morphology with PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM with balanced hole and electron mobilities (a h/e mobility ratio of 1–2) and tight interchain packing (a π–π stacking distance of 3.57–3.59 Å) in the blend films. Furthermore, the device optimization with a processing additive and methanol treatment improves efficiencies up to 9.39% in a ∼300 nm thick conventional single-cell device structure. The thick active layer in the PPDT2FBT:PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM device attenuates incident light almost completely without damage in the fill factor (0.71–0.73), showing a high short-circuit current density of 15.7–16.3 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. Notably, PPDT2FBT showed negligible changes in the carrier mobility even at ∼1 μm film thickness.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>New semi-crystalline photovoltaic polymers were synthesized and the optimized device exhibited 9.39% efficiency in a ∼300 nm thick single-cell device. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4ee01529k'> </P>
El-Khoueiry, A.B.,Sangro, B.,Yau, T.,Crocenzi, T.S.,Kudo, M.,Hsu, C.,Kim, T.Y.,Choo, S.P.,Trojan, J.,Welling, T.H.,Meyer, T.,Kang, Y.K.,Yeo, W.,Chopra, A.,Anderson, J.,dela Cruz, C.,Lang, L.,Neely, J. J. Onwhyn ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 The Lancet Vol.389 No.10088
Background: For patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, sorafenib is the only approved drug worldwide, and outcomes remain poor. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of nivolumab, a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with or without chronic viral hepatitis. Methods: We did a phase ½, open-label, non-comparative, dose escalation and expansion trial (CheckMate 040) of nivolumab in adults (≥18 years) with histologically confirmed advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with or without hepatitis C or B (HCV or HBV) infection. Previous sorafenib treatment was allowed. A dose-escalation phase was conducted at seven hospitals or academic centres in four countries or territories (USA, Spain, Hong Kong, and Singapore) and a dose-expansion phase was conducted at an additional 39 sites in 11 countries (Canada, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan). At screening, eligible patients had Child-Pugh scores of 7 or less (Child-Pugh A or B7) for the dose-escalation phase and 6 or less (Child-Pugh A) for the dose-expansion phase, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1 or less. Patients with HBV infection had to be receiving effective antiviral therapy (viral load <100 IU/mL); antiviral therapy was not required for patients with HCV infection. We excluded patients previously treated with an agent targeting T-cell costimulation or checkpoint pathways. Patients received intravenous nivolumab 0.1-10 mg/kg every 2 weeks in the dose-escalation phase (3+3 design). Nivolumab 3 mg/kg was given every 2 weeks in the dose-expansion phase to patients in four cohorts: sorafenib untreated or intolerant without viral hepatitis, sorafenib progressor without viral hepatitis, HCV infected, and HBV infected. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability for the escalation phase and objective response rate (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors version 1.1) for the expansion phase. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01658878. Findings: Between Nov 26, 2012, and Aug 8, 2016, 262 eligible patients were treated (48 patients in the dose-escalation phase and 214 in the dose-expansion phase). 202 (77%) of 262 patients have completed treatment and follow-up is ongoing. During dose escalation, nivolumab showed a manageable safety profile, including acceptable tolerability. In this phase, 46 (96%) of 48 patients discontinued treatment, 42 (88%) due to disease progression. Incidence of treatment-related adverse events did not seem to be associated with dose and no maximum tolerated dose was reached. 12 (25%) of 48 patients had grade ¾ treatment-related adverse events. Three (6%) patients had treatment-related serious adverse events (pemphigoid, adrenal insufficiency, liver disorder). 30 (63%) of 48 patients in the dose-escalation phase died (not determined to be related to nivolumab therapy). Nivolumab 3 mg/kg was chosen for dose expansion. The objective response rate was 20% (95% CI 15-26) in patients treated with nivolumab 3 mg/kg in the dose-expansion phase and 15% (95% CI 6-28) in the dose-escalation phase. Interpretation: Nivolumab had a manageable safety profile and no new signals were observed in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Durable objective responses show the potential of nivolumab for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Funding: Bristol-Myers Squibb.
Association of tumor necrosis factor- gene polymorphisms with advanced stage endometriosis
Lee, G. H.,Choi, Y. M.,Kim, S. H.,Hong, M. A.,Oh, S. T.,Lim, Y. T.,Moon, S. Y. Oxford University Press 2008 Human reproduction Vol.23 No.4
<P>BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate whether specific haplotypes and several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene are associated with the risk of advanced stage endometriosis in a Korean population. METHODS: This study comprised women with (n = 246) or without (n = 248) endometriosis. The TNF:g.[-1031T > C], TNF:g.[-863C > A] and TNF:g.[-857C > T] polymorphism in the TNF-alpha gene were assessed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, which utilized digestion by BbsI, HypCH4IV and HypCH4IV restriction enzymes, respectively. In silico haplotypes were deduced by using the Haploview version 3.32. RESULTS: The genotype distribution of TNF:g.[-1031T > C] was significantly different between total endometriosis patients and the controls (T/T of 56.9 versus 60.1%, T/C of 35.4 versus 37.5% and C/C of 7.7 versus 2.4%, respectively, P = 0.027). This difference at the TNF:g.[-1031T > C] tends to increase in Stage IV endometriosis (P = 0.01). However, there was no difference in the TNF:g.[-863C > A] and TNF:g.[-857C > T] site between the two groups. Even when the endometriosis cases were subdivided into American Society for Reproductive Medicine Stages III and IV, genotype differences were not found. The CC homozygote at TNF:g.-863 was more frequently found in the controls than Non-CC group (P = 0.04; odds ratio = 0.67; 95% confidence interval = 0.45-0.98). All haplotypes and diplotypes, deduced by in silico analysis, showed no association with subgroups or controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the genotype frequencies at the TNF:g.[-1031T > C] and the TNF:g.[-863C > A] sites may be associated with advanced stage endometriosis in the Korean population.</P>