Effect of Fibre Level and Fibre Source on Gut Morphology and Micro-environment in Local (Mong Cai) and Exotic (Landrace×Yorkshire) Pigs

Ngoc, T.T.B.,Hong, T.T.T.,Len, N.T.,Lindberg, J.E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.12

The effect of genotype, fibre level and fibre source on gut morphology, environment and microflora was studied using 18 Mong Cai (MC) and 18 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire (LY) pigs, aged around 60 d. The diets were based on maize, rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal and soybean oil, and cassava residue (CR) or brewer's grain (BG) as fibrous ingredient sources in the high-fibre diets (HF). A low-fibre diet (LF), containing around 200 g NDF/kg dry matter (DM), was formulated without CR and BG as feed ingredients. The HF diets (HF-CR and HF-BG) were formulated to contain around 270 g NDF/kg DM. The experiment was arranged according to a $2{\times}3$ factorial completely randomized design with six replications, and lasted 30 d. Crypt density in ileum was lowest (p<0.05) and villus height in jejunum and ileum were the greatest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-BG. Villus width in ileum was greatest in pigs fed diets HF-CR and HF-BG (p<0.05). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in stomach were greatest (p<0.05) and E. coli counts in ileum and colon were lowest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-CR. The concentration of total organic acids in ileum, caecum and colon were greatest (p<0.05), and pH in ileum and colon were lowest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-CR. Crypt density in ileum was lowest, and villus height in ileum and villus width in jejunum and ileum was greatest in LY pigs (p<0.05). LAB counts in stomach and ileum were greatest, and E. coli counts in ileum were lowest in MC pigs (p<0.05). The concentration of total organic acids in ileum, caecum and colon were greatest (p<0.05) and pH lowest (p<0.05) in MC pigs.

Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Korean Native Ducks Fed Diets with Varying Levels of Limiting Amino Acids

Choo, Y.K.,Kwon, H.J.,Oh, S.T.,Kang, C.W.,Kim, H.K.,Hong, E.C.,Heo, K.N.,Lee, S.K.,An, B.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.4

There are multiple experiments conducted with male Korean native ducks (KND) to evaluate the optimal levels of limiting amino acids (AA). In Exp. 1, a total of 450 one-d-old male KNDs were divided into five groups with six replicates and fed experimental diets with varying levels of lysine, total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) and threonine (T1, 0.90/0.74/0.70%; T2, 1.00/0.82/0.77%; T3, 1.10/0.90/0.85%; T4, 1.20/0.98/0.93%; T5, 1.30/1.07/1.01%) to 21 d of age. In Exp. 2, one-d-old male KND were received and fed commercial starter diet from hatching to 21 d of age, and then divided into five groups with six replicates and fed one of five diets varying levels of lysine, TSAA, and threonine (T1, 0.73/0.62/0.54%; T2, 0.80/0.68/0.60%; T3, 0.87/0.74/0.65%; T4, 0.94/0.80/0.70%; T5, 1.01/0.86/0.75%) during 22 to 56 d of age, respectively. The BW gain was linearly increased as dietary limiting AA levels increased to 1.20% lysine, 0.98% TSAA and 0.93% threonine. There were no significant differences in feed intake, gain:feed and uniformity among groups. In Exp. 2, the BW gain and gain:feed were not affected by dietary limiting AA levels. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality among groups. The growth performance and carcass characteristics did not show the significant response to increasing dietary limiting AA levels in KND during 22 to 56 d of age. In conclusion, the levels of lysine, TSAA and threonine necessary to maximize growth for starter phase were at least 1.20%, 0.98%, and 0.93%, respectively. On the other hands, KND require relatively low levels of limiting AA for late growth and carcass yield. The dietary levels of 0.73% lysine, 0.62% TSAA and 0.54% threonine appear to be adequate during growing phase.

Prevalence and molecular characterizations of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti from small mammals captured in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea

Hong, S.H.,Lee, S.E.,Jeong, Y.I.,Kim, H.C.,Chong, S.T.,Klein, T.A.,Song, J.W.,Gu, S.H.,Cho, S.H.,Lee, W.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary parasitology Vol.205 No.3

A survey was conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia microti infections in small mammals captured in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea (ROK). The serological prevalence of T. gondii (ELISA) and B. microti (IFAT) was 2.3% (15/667) and 2.1% (14/667), respectively. DNA extracts from small mammal heart tissues were screened by PCR for T. gondii and B. microti targeting regions of the GRA5 gene and the 18S rRNA and β-tubulin genes, respectively. Only 0.17% (1/578) of Apodemus agrarius was positive of T. gondii by PCR, while 0.52% (3/578) was positive of B. microti. All other small mammal species [Micromys minutus (16), Mus musculus (3), Myodes regulus (22), Microtus fortis (6), and Crocidura lasiura (42)] were negative for both T. gondii and B. microti. Based on sequence polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis, T. gondii closely aligned with Type I, a highly virulent strain, while B. microti positive samples closely aligned with US-type B. microti and others observed in the ROK, Russia, and Japan. These results indicate that A. agrarius is a reservoir for both T. gondii and B. microti in the ROK.

Photocurrent and photoluminescence measurements on InGaAsN/GaAs strained multiquantum well grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

T. S. Kim,C- H. Hong,C. S. Park,E-K. Suh,H. J. Lee,J. Y. Park,T. V. Cuong 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.43 No.51

The photocurrent and the photoluminescence were studied for the In0:2Ga0:8As0:98N0:02/GaAs strained multi-quantum-wells (MQWs) structure grown by using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The structural properties of the InGaAsN/GaAs strained MQWs were investigated using high-resolution X-ray diraction (HRXRD). For In0:2Ga0:8As0:98N0:02/GaAs strained MQWs, the peaks observed in the photocurrent and the photoluminescence spectra were preliminarily assigned to electron-heavy hole (e1-hh) and electron-light hole (e1-lh) fundamental excitionic transitions. Two additional transitions related to the MQWs region were observed in the photocurrent spectra other then transitions involving the ground state.

수직 Bridgman 방법으로 성장된 CdTe {111}면의 결정학과 광발광 특성

정태수(T.S. Jeong),박은옥(E.O. Park),유평렬(P.Y. Yu),김택성(T.S. Kim),이훈(H. Lee),신영진(Y.J. Shin),홍광준(K.J. Hong) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1999 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.8 No.3(2)

수직 Bridgman 방법으로 태양전지의 CdS 적층 성장용 기판으로 쓰이는 CdTe 단결정을 성장하였다. Nakagawa 용액으로 etching한 CdTe {111}면은 피라미드 모형의 전형적인 삼각형 etch pits를 나타내었고 Cd 원자들로 구성된 {111}A면 임을 알았다. {111}A 면에 대한 광발광 측정으로부터 단지 고품질의 단결정에서만 존재하는 free exciton과 매우 강한 세기를 가진 중성 받개 bound exciton 등을 관찰하였다. 이때 중성 받개 bound exciton의 반폭치와 결합 에너지는 각각 7 meV와 5.9 meV 이였다. Haynes rule에 의해서 불순물의 활성화 에너지는 59 meV이였고 따라서 Ag나 Cu원소 등이 중성 받개 역할을 한 것으로 여겨진다. High quality CdTe single crystal for the solar cell fabrication was grown by vertical Bridgman method. The etch pits patterns of {111}surfaces of CdTe etched by Nakagawa solution was observed the {111}A composed of Cd atoms with typical triangle etch pits of pyramid mode. From the photoluminescence measurement on {111}A, we observed free exciton (E_x) existing only high quality crystal and neutral acceptor bound exciton (A˚,X) having very strong peak intensity. Then, the full width at half maximum and binding energy of neutral acceptor bound exciton were 7 meV and 5.9 meV, respectively. By Haynes rule, an activation energy of impurity was 59 meV. Therefore, the origins on impurity level acting as a neutral acceptor were associated Ag or Cu elements.

Foxp3 is a key downstream regulator of p53-mediated cellular senescence

Kim, J-E,Shin, J-S,Moon, J-H,Hong, S-W,Jung, D-J,Kim, J H,Hwang, I-Y,Shin, Y J,Gong, E-Y,Lee, D H,Kim, S-M,Lee, E Y,Kim, Y S,Kim, D,Hur, D,Kim, T W,Kim, K-p,Jin, D-H,Lee, W-J Macmillan Publishers Limited 2017 Oncogene Vol.36 No.2

<P>The downstream events and target genes of p53 in the process of senescence are not fully understood. Here, we report a novel function of the forkhead transcription factor Foxp3, which is a key player in mediating T-cell inhibitory functions, in p53-mediated cellular senescence. The overexpression of Foxp3 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) accelerates senescence, whereas Foxp3 knockdown leads to escape from p53-mediated senescence in p53-expressing MEFs. Consistent with these results, Foxp3 expression resulted in the induction of senescence in epithelial cancer cells, including MCF7 and HCT116 cells. Foxp3 overexpression also increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine rescued cells from Foxp3-expression-induced senescence. Furthermore, the elevated ROS levels that accompanied Foxp3 overexpression were paralleled by an increase in p21 expression. Knockdown of p21 in Foxp3-expressing MEFs abrogated the Foxp3-dependent increase in ROS levels, indicating that Foxp3 acts through the induction of p21 and the subsequent ROS elevation to trigger senescence. Collectively, these results suggest that Foxp3 is a downstream target of p53 that is sufficient to induce p21 expression, ROS production and p53-mediated senescence.</P>

GPU를 이용한 효율적인 비압축성 자유표면유동 해석

홍환의(H.E. Hong),안형택(H.T. AHN),명훈주(H.J. MYUNG) 한국전산유체공학회 2011 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

This paper presents Incompressible Naver-Stokes (INS) Solver for 2D Free-surface flow problems on the Cartesian mesh, which was implemented to run on Graphics Processing Units (GPU). The INS solver uses the variable arrangement on the Cartesian mesh, Finite Volume Method (FVM) along Constrained Interpolation Profile-Conservative Semi-Lagrangian (CIP-CSL). Solution procedure of incompressible Navier-Stokes equation for free-surface flow takes tremendous amount of Central Processing Unit (CPU) time and memory even in modern multi-core computing architecture based on CPUs. As development of computer architecture technology, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)s scientific computing performance outperforms that of CPUs. This paper focus on the utilization of GPUs high performance computing capability, and present an efficient solution of free surface flow simulation. The performance of the GPU implementations with double precision is compared to that of the CPU code using an representative free-surface flow problem, e.g. dam-break problem.

Homologous Expression and Quantitative Analysis of T3SS-Dependent Secretion of TAP-Tagged XoAvrBs2 in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Induced by Rice Leaf Extract

( S. H. Kim ),( S. E. Lee ),( M. K. Hong ),( N. H. Song ),( B. Yoon ),( P. T. Viet ),( Y. J. Ahn ),( B. M. Lee ),( J. W. Jung ),( K. P. Kim ),( Y. S. Han ),( J. G. Kim ),( L. W. Kang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.7

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) produces a putative effector, XoAvrBs2. We expressed XoAvrBs2 homologously in Xoo with a TAP-tag at the C-terminus to enable quantitative analysis of protein expression and secretion. Addition of rice leaf extracts from both Xoo-sensitive and Xoo-resistant rice cultivars to the Xoo cells induced expression of the XoAvrBs2 gene at the transcriptional and translational levels, and also stimulated a remarkable amount of XoAvrBs2 secretion into the medium. In a T3SS-defective Xoo mutant strain, secretion of the TAPtagged XoAvrBs2 was blocked. Thus, we elucidated the transcriptional and translational expressions of the XoAvrBs2 gene in Xoo was induced in vitro by the interaction with rice and the induced secretion of XoAvrBs2 was T3SSdependent. It is the first report to measure the homologous expression and secretion of XoAvrBs2 in vitro by rice leaf extract. Our system for the quantitative analysis of effector protein expression and secretion could be generally used for the study of host-pathogen interactions.

Extracellular vesicle-derived protein from Bifidobacterium longum alleviates food allergy through mast cell suppression

Kim, J.H.,Jeun, E.J.,Hong, C.P.,Kim, S.H.,Jang, M.S.,Lee, E.J.,Moon, S.J.,Yun, C.H.,Im, S.H.,Jeong, S.G.,Park, B.Y.,Kim, K.T.,Seoh, J.Y.,Kim, Y.K.,Oh, S.J.,Ham, J.S.,Yang, B.G.,Jang, M.H. Mosby 2016 The journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.137 No.2

<P>Background: The incidence of food allergies has increased dramatically during the last decade. Recently, probiotics have been studied for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease. Objective: We examined whether Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 and Enterococcus faecalis KACC 91532 have the capacity to suppress food allergies. Methods: B longum KACC 91563 and E faecalis KACC 91532 were administered to BALB/c wild-type mice, in which food allergy was induced by using ovalbumin and alum. Food allergy symptoms and various immune responses were assessed. Results: B longum KACC 91563, but not E faecalis KACC 91532, alleviated food allergy symptoms. Extracellular vesicles of B longum KACC 91563 bound specifically tomast cells and induced apoptosis without affecting T-cell immune responses. Furthermore, injection of family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein, a main component of extracellular vesicles, into micemarkedly reduced the occurrence of diarrhea in a mouse food allergy model. Conclusion: B longum KACC 91563 induces apoptosis of mast cells specifically and alleviates food allergy symptoms. Accordingly, B longum KACC 91563 and family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein exhibit potential as therapeutic approaches for food allergies.</P>

Magnetic resonance imaging of macrophage activity in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by using polyethylene glycolated magnetic fluorescent silica-coated nanoparticles

Lee, K.,Moon, H.Y.,Park, C.,Kim, O.R.,Ahn, E.,Lee, S.Y.,Park, H.E.,Ihm, S.H.,Seung, K.B.,Chang, K.,Yoon, T.J.,Lee, C.,Cheong, C.,Hong, K.S. Elsevier 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.1

We have recently synthesized organic dye-incorporated silica-coated core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (MFSNs) that enable the detection of both fluorescence and magnetic properties in cells and tissues by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Furthermore, polyethylene glycolation of the surface of these MFSNs would render them more stable and biocompatible, and thus allow their in vivo use as a circulating agent with a long half-life. Atherosclerotic vascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. A noninvasive diagnostic imaging method is required to identify vulnerable plaques prior to the occurrence of a clinical event. Macrophages are the key cellular mediators in the pathogenesis of plaque inflammation and vulnerability. We evaluated whether the use of polyethylene glycolated (PEGylated) MFSNs could help in effectively detecting the macrophage activity in the aorta of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. PEGylated MFSNs (Fe, 30mg/kg) were injected via the tail vein in 1.2% cholesterol-fed 30-week-old apoE-deficient mice. After 24h, ex vivo MRI was carried out. The atheromas were then observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and immunohistochemical staining targeted toward the macrophages was performed. Ex vivo MRI demonstrated robust enhancement of the atherosclerotic plaques along the aortic wall. CLSM images showed accumulation of PEGylated MFSNs in the atherosclerotic plaques, and histological examination revealed the localization of MFSNs in the macrophages present in the lesion. Therefore, PEGylated MFSNs could function as an effective multimodal imaging agent in the identification of macrophage activity in atherosclerotic plaques.