Turkish bath tradition: The example of Gaziantep, Turkey

Tülay Karadayı Yenice,Meltem Ararat 국립민속박물관 2022 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.17 No.-

Conservation of monumental and civil architectural heritage is an important element of cultural sustainability. Preserving these structures with their original characters and transferring them to future generations contributes to social memory formation and builds a bridge between the past and future generations. However, a sustainable and holistic conservation approach should cover not only tangible but also intangible heritage. Considering the tangible and intangible cultural heritage as a whole is also important to transfer the architectural heritage to future generations accurately. Local culture, customs and traditions also affect and change the formation of local architecture. Therefore, this research aims to examine the influence of local bath traditions on bath structures. The research specifically focuses on the relationship between local hammam traditions and Turkish bath architecture in the city of Gaziantep, Turkey. To do this, first, Gaziantep bath culture is examined in detail and its unique character is identified. Then, field research was carried out to investigate historical bath structures on-site and to conduct spatial analyses. The findings of the research show that intangible cultural heritage is a significant factor in shaping tangible heritage. It is believed that the research will contribute to considering tangible and intangible cultural heritage with a holistic comprehension of conservation in the example of historical Gaziantep hammams.

Can Fecal Calprotectin Level Be Used as a Markers of Inflammation in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy?

Ömer Faruk Beşer,,Selim Sancak,Tülay Erkan,Tufan Kutlu,Haluk Çokuğraş,Fügen Ç. Çokuğraş 대한천식알레르기학회 2014 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: Calprotectin is a cytosolic protein with immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative actions. The concentration of calprotectin increases in infection, inflammation, and malignancy. We determined if calprotectin can be used as a marker for the diagnosis and follow-up of bowel inflammation in cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). Methods: In total, 32 patients newly diagnosed with CMPA were included (24 IgE-mediated, 8 non-IgE-mediated). In all subjects, a complete blood count, total IgE, cow’s milk-specific IgE, and fecal calprotectin (FC) were assessed before and after a cow’s milk protein (CMP) elimination diet was started. The results were compared with those of 39 healthy children. Results: The mean FC value before the CMP elimination diet was 516±311 μg/g in the 32 patients with CMPA and 296±94 μg/g in the control group (P=0.011). The mean FC value after the diet in these patients was 254±169 μg/g, which was significantly different from the mean value before the CMP elimination diet (P<0.001). When we compared FC levels before the CMP elimination diet in the IgE-mediated group with the control group, we found no significant statistical difference (P=0.142). The mean FC value before the CMP elimination diet was 886±278 μg/g in the non-IgE-mediated group and 296±94 μg/g in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). In the IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated groups, FC values after CMP elimination diet were 218±90 μg/g and 359±288 μg/g, respectively, and FC values before CMP elimination diet were 392±209 μg/g and 886±278 μg/g, respectively; these differences were statistically significant (P=0.001 and P=0.025, respectively). Conclusions: FC levels may be a useful marker for follow-up treatment and recurrence determination in CMPA.

Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Simple Aromatic Esters of Ferulic Acid

Burcu Çaliskan Ergün,Erden Banoglu,Tülay Çoban,Fatma Kaynak Onurdag 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.8

Aromatic ester derivatives of ferulic acid where the phenolic hydroxyl is free (6a-d) or acetylated (5a-d) were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The superoxide radical scavenging capacity of compounds 5d and 6d-e (IC_50 of 0.19, 0.27 and 0.20 mM, respectively)was found to be twice as active as α-tocopherol (IC_50 = 0.51 mM). DPPH radical scavenging capacity was moderate and only found in compounds bearing free phenolic hydroxyl groups (6a-e). With regard to antimicrobial properties, compounds 6b and 6c displayed significant activity against Enterococcus faecalis (MICs = 16 μg/mL) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (MIC for 6b, 32 and for 6c, 16 μg/mL). Compound 6c also demonstrated prominent activity against planktonic Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of <8 μg/mL and it inhibited bacterial biofilm formation by S. aureus with a MBEC value of <8 μg/mL, which was 64 and 128 times more potent than ofloxacin and vancomycin, respectively.

The Vasodilator Effect of a Cream Containing 10% Menthol and 15% Methyl Salicylate on Random- Pattern Skin Flaps in Rats

Utku Can Dölen,Nezih Sungur,Gökhan Koca,Onur Ertunç,Ayşe Tülay Bağcı Bosi,Uğur Koçer,Meliha Korkmaz 대한성형외과학회 2015 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.42 No.6

Background It is still difficult to prevent partial or full-thickness flap necrosis. In this study, the effects of a cream containing menthol and methyl salicylate on the viability of randompattern skin flaps were studied. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups. Caudally based dorsal random-pattern skin flaps were elevated, including the panniculus carnosus. In the study group, 1.5 mL of a cream containing menthol and methyl salicylate was applied to the skin of the flap, and saline solution (0.9%) was used in the control group. Upon completion of the experiment, flap necrosis was analyzed with imaging software and radionuclide scintigraphy. Histopathological measurements were made of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, and the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle. Results According to the photographic analysis, the mean viable flap surface area in the study group was larger than that in the control group (P=0.004). According to the scintigrams, no change in radioactivity uptake was seen in the study group (P>0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed in the control group (P=0.006). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the percentage of viable flaps, the number of vessels, or the width of the panniculus carnosus muscle (P>0.05). Conclusions Based on these results, it is certain that the cream did not reduce the viability of the flaps. Due to its vasodilatory effect, it can be used as a component of the dressing in reconstructive operations where skin perfusion is compromised.

ABO blood group and rhesus factor association with inpatient COVID-19 mortality and severity: a two-year retrospective review

Alexander T. Phan,Ari A. Ucar,Aldin Malkoc,Janie Hu,Luke Buxton,Alan W. Tseng,Fanglong Dong,Julie P.T. Nguyễn,Arnav P. Modi,Ojas Deshpande,Johnson Lay,Andrew Ku,Dotun Ogunyemi,Sarkis Arabian 대한혈액학회 2023 Blood Research Vol.58 No.3

Background Early reports have indicated a relationship between ABO and rhesus blood group types and infection with SARS-CoV-2. We aim to examine blood group type associations with COVID-19 mortality and disease severity. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of patients ages 18 years or older admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 between January 2020 and December 2021. The primary outcome was COVID-19 mortality with respect to ABO blood group type. The secondary outcomes were 1. Severity of COVID-19 with respect to ABO blood group type, and 2. Rhesus factor association with COVID-19 mortality and disease severity. Disease severity was defined by degree of supplemental oxygen requirements (ambient air, low-flow, high-flow, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation). Results The blood type was collected on 596 patients with more than half (54%, N=322) being O+. The ABO blood type alone was not statistically associated with mortality (P=0.405), while the RH blood type was statistically associated with mortality (P <0.001). There was statistically significant association between combined ABO and RH blood type and mortality (P =0.014). Out of the mortality group, the O+ group had the highest mortality (52.3%), followed by A+ (22.8%). The combined ABO and RH blood type was statistically significantly associated with degree of supplemental oxygen requirements (P =0.005). The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that Rh- patients had increased mortality. Conclusion ABO blood type is not associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Rhesus factor status is associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. Rhesus negative patients were associated with increased mortality risk.

Key amino acid residues conferring enhanced enzyme activity at cold temperatures in an Antarctic polyextremophilic β-galactosidase

Laye, Victoria J.,Karan, Ram,Kim, Jong-Myoung,Pecher, Wolf T.,DasSarma, Priya,DasSarma, Shiladitya National Academy of Sciences 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.114 No.47

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Combining comparative genomics, mutagenesis, kinetic analysis, and molecular modeling provides a powerful way to explore and understand the structure and function of proteins under extreme and potentially astrobiological conditions. Alignment of closely related cold-active and mesophilic β-galactosidase enzymes from halophilic Archaea, followed by mutagenesis and kinetic analysis, demonstrates the importance of specific amino acid residues in temperature-dependent catalytic activity, while molecular modeling provides a structural framework for their mechanism of action. Such an interdisciplinary approach shows how a very small fraction of conserved residues that are divergent from mesophilic homologs are key to enhancing catalytic activity at cold temperatures and underscores the power of combining genomics and genetics with biochemistry and structural biology for understanding polyextremophilic enzyme function.</P><P>The Antarctic microorganism <I>Halorubrum lacusprofundi</I> harbors a model polyextremophilic β-galactosidase that functions in cold, hypersaline conditions. Six amino acid residues potentially important for cold activity were identified by comparative genomics and substituted with evolutionarily conserved residues (N251D, A263S, I299L, F387L, I476V, and V482L) in closely related homologs from mesophilic haloarchaea. Using a homology model, four residues (N251, A263, I299, and F387) were located in the TIM barrel around the active site in domain A, and two residues (I476 and V482) were within coiled or β-sheet regions in domain B distant to the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed by partial gene synthesis, and enzymes were overproduced from the cold-inducible <I>csp</I>D2 promoter in the genetically tractable Haloarchaeon, <I>Halobacterium</I> sp. NRC-1. Purified enzymes were characterized by steady-state kinetic analysis at temperatures from 0 to 25 °C using the chromogenic substrate <I>o</I>-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside. All substitutions resulted in altered temperature activity profiles compared with wild type, with five of the six clearly exhibiting reduced catalytic efficiency (<I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB>/<I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB>) at colder temperatures and/or higher efficiency at warmer temperatures. These results could be accounted for by temperature-dependent changes in both <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> and <I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB> (three substitutions) or either <I>K</I><SUB>m</SUB> or <I>k</I><SUB>cat</SUB> (one substitution each). The effects were correlated with perturbation of charge, hydrogen bonding, or packing, likely affecting the temperature-dependent flexibility and function of the enzyme. Our interdisciplinary approach, incorporating comparative genomics, mutagenesis, enzyme kinetics, and modeling, has shown that divergence of a very small number of amino acid residues can account for the cold temperature function of a polyextremophilic enzyme.</P>

Impact of Different Implant Surfaces Topographies on Peri-Implant Tissues: An Update of Current Available Data on Dental Implants Retrieved from Human Jaws

A. Shibli, Jamil,T. Pires, Jefferson,Piattelli, Adriano,Iezzi, Giovanna,Mangano, Carlo,Mangano, Francesco,L.S. de Souza, Sergio,A. Gehrke, Sergio,Wang, Hom-Lay,M. Dohan Ehrenfest, David Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. 2017 CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol. No.

SiC Substrate Effects on Electron Transport in the Epitaxial Graphene Layer

Engin Arslan,Semih Çakmakyapan,Özgür Kazar,Serkan Bütün,Sefer Bora Li esivdin,Neval A. Cinel,Gülay Ertas,Sükrü Ardal,Engin T ras,Jawad-ul-Hassan,E. Janzén,Ekmel Özbay 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.2

Hall effect measurements on epitaxial graphene (EG) on SiC substrate have been carried out as a function of temperature. The mobility and concentration of electrons within the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the EG layers and within the underlying SiC substrate are readily separated and characterized by the simple parallel conduction extraction method (SPCEM). Two electron carriers are identified in the EG/SiC sample: one highmobility carrier (3493 cm2/Vs at 300 K) and one low-mobility carrier (1115 cm2/Vs at 300 K). The high mobility carrier can be assigned to the graphene layers. The second carrier has been assigned to the SiC substrate.

Does the Use of Rocuronium-Sugammadex Instead of Succinylcholine in Electroconvulsive Therapy Affect Seizure Duration?

Oflezer Ceyhan,Atay Özge,Kaşdoğan Zümrüt Ela,Özakay Gülay,İpekçioğlu Derya,Bahadır Hakan 대한신경정신의학회 2022 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.19 No.10

Objective We compared retrospectively the seizure variables of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) patients after administration of rocuronium-sugammadex or succinylcholine as a muscle relaxant with propofol anesthesia.Methods The sample comprised 134 ECT patients. The mean age was 33.6±10.48 years. Anesthesia induction was provided with propofol one mg kg-intravenously (IV) followed by succinylcholine 0.5 mg kg^-1 IV (n=68) (Group S) or rocuronium 0.3 mg kg^-1 IV (n=66) (Group R). For patients who were given rocuronium, reversal of the residual neuromuscular block was accomplished with sugammadex (1.5 mg kg^-1 IV). First session seizure variables were compared between the two groups. We also presented the clinical outcome with Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) and overall adverse effects.Results EEG seizure durations in Group R (55.09±36.11 s) and Group S (47.00±26.33 s) were comparable and were not significantly different (p=0.432). The clinical efficacy of ECT measured by CGI-I in both groups was comparable (p=0.075). There were no major complications or death during or after ECT.Conclusion The results of this study show that the use of rocuronium-sugammadex as a neuromuscular blocker instead of succinylcholine during ECT with propofol anesthesia produces similar results in terms of seizure variables and clinical outcomes.