High Throughput Multiplier Architecture for Elliptic Cryptographic Applications

Swetha, Gutti Naga,Sandi, Anuradha M. International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.9

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is one of the finest cryptographic technique of recent time due to its lower key length and satisfactory performance with different hardware structures. In this paper, a High Throughput Multiplier architecture is introduced for Elliptic Cryptographic applications based on concurrent computations. With the aid of the concurrent computing approach, the High Throughput Concurrent Computation (HTCC) technology that was just presented improves the processing speed as well as the overall efficiency of the point-multiplier architecture. Here, first and second distinct group operation of point multiplier are combined together and synthesised concurrently. The synthesis of proposed HTCC technique is performed in Xilinx Virtex - 5 and Xilinx Virtex - 7 of Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) family. In terms of slices, flip flops, time delay, maximum frequency, and efficiency, the advantages of the proposed HTCC point multiplier architecture are outlined, and a comparison of these advantages with those of existing state-of-the-art point multiplier approaches is provided over GF(2¹⁶³), GF(2²³³) and GF(2²⁸³). The efficiency using proposed HTCC technique is enhanced by 30.22% and 75.31% for Xilinx Virtex-5 and by 25.13% and 47.75% for Xilinx Virtex-7 in comparison according to the LC design as well as the LL design, in their respective fashions. The experimental results for Virtex - 5 and Virtex - 7 over GF(2²³³) and GF(2²⁸³)are also very satisfactory.

Hardware based Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot

Swetha S. Bobba 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

A Robot suitable for automatically extinguishing the fire during fire accidents is presented in this paper. The Robot moves in the direction of fire intensity and avoids self-destruction using calcium silicate boards shielding that are capable of withstanding very high temperatures. The principle used was designed and experimented at a temperature of 300°C. The temperature sensing capability of the robot is determined by heating the Thermocouple ends to a cut-off temperature, above which the robot starts responding to the fire. The Robot finds its applications in Rescue operations during fire accidents in closed loops such as hospitals and shopping malls, where the probability for service men to enter the fire prone areas is very less and, also during wars to perform rescue functions. The most added advantage of this Robot is that it turns ON autonomously as it detects the fire within a distance of 10 meters using Thermocouple, and extinguishes it by moving in the direction with respect to the fire intensity. The temperature sensor provides a backup to the Thermocouple, if needed in vast circumstances.

Substantially enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of TiO₂ nanorods/CdS nanocrystals heterojunction photoanode decorated with MoS₂ nanosheets

Bhat, Swetha S.M.,Pawar, Sachin A.,Potphode, Darshna,Moon, Chang-Ki,Suh, Jun Min,Kim, Changyeon,Choi, Seokhoon,Patil, Dipali S.,Kim, Jang-Joo,Shin, Jae Cheol,Jang, Ho Won Elsevier 2019 Applied Catalysis B Vol.259 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two-dimensional (2D) MoS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets (NSs) modified 1D TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorods/0D CdS nanocrystals (NCs) heterojunction has been fabricated by all solution process as a potential anode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting applications. This heterojunction photoanode shows high photocurrent density of 3.25 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0.9 V vs. RHE (0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) compared to the pristine TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS photoanode. The influence of MoS<SUB>2</SUB> NSs on PEC performance of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS/MoS<SUB>2</SUB> heterojunction has been systematically investigated. We demonstrate that MoS<SUB>2</SUB> NSs transfer holes from CdS and facilitate further charge separation in TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS. Time resolved photoluminescence measurement reveals increase in photoluminescence lifetime due to the presence of MoS<SUB>2</SUB> NSs in TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS/MoS<SUB>2</SUB> resulting in enhanced PEC activity. This work suggests that 1D TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/0D CdS/2D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> heterojunction prototype is an interesting system where MoS<SUB>2</SUB> NSs can be utilized to improve charge separation in photoanodes. This study would pave the way towards designing new heterojunction functional materials for efficient PEC applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Photoanodes were fabricated by all solution process. </LI> <LI> Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> 1D/0D CdS/MoS<SUB>2</SUB> 2D triple heterojunction photoanode was achieved. </LI> <LI> The heterojunction photoanode shows high photocurrent density of 3.25 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0.9 V vs. RHE (0 V vs. Ag/AgCl). </LI> <LI> Role of MoS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets on the improved photoelectrochemical performance has been investigated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Decoration of solution-processed MoS<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets on TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorods/CdS nanocrystals photoanode substantially improves the photoelectrochemical performance. The heterojunction photoanode TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/CdS/MoS<SUB>2</SUB> with ZnS shows high photocurrent density of 3.25 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl (0.9 V vs. RHE).</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Data Security on Cloud by Cryptographic Methods Using Machine Learning Techniques

Gadde, Swetha,Amutharaj, J.,Usha, S. International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.5

On Cloud, the important data of the user that is protected on remote servers can be accessed via internet. Due to rapid shift in technology nowadays, there is a swift increase in the confidential and pivotal data. This comes up with the requirement of data security of the user's data. Data is of different type and each need discrete degree of conservation. The idea of data security data science permits building the computing procedure more applicable and bright as compared to conventional ones in the estate of data security. Our focus with this paper is to enhance the safety of data on the cloud and also to obliterate the problems associated with the data security. In our suggested plan, some basic solutions of security like cryptographic techniques and authentication are allotted in cloud computing world. This paper put your heads together about how machine learning techniques is used in data security in both offensive and defensive ventures, including analysis on cyber-attacks focused at machine learning techniques. The machine learning technique is based on the Supervised, UnSupervised, Semi-Supervised and Reinforcement Learning. Although numerous research has been done on this topic but in reference with the future scope a lot more investigation is required to be carried out in this field to determine how the data can be secured more firmly on cloud in respect with the Machine Learning Techniques and cryptographic methods.

Substantially enhanced front illumination photocurrent in porous SnO₂ nanorods/networked BiVO₄ heterojunction photoanodes

Bhat, Swetha S. M.,Suh, Jun Min,Choi, Seokhoon,Hong, Seung-Pyo,Lee, Sol A.,Kim, Changyeon,Moon, Cheon Woo,Lee, Mi Gyoung,Jang, Ho Won The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.30

<P>BiVO4 is a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical applications owing to its suitable band edge position for oxygen evolving reactions. High photocurrent under front illumination is very much essential to design tandem structures with a wireless configuration. However, the performance of BiVO4 under front illumination is limited due to poor charge transport properties. Here, we show that network-like BiVO4 coupled with porous SnO2 nanorods (NRs) is a promising model to enhance the front illumination performance. A very high photocurrent density of 5.6 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and 5.5 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> has been obtained from the front and back illumination at 1.23 V <I>vs.</I> the reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively. We demonstrate that the appropriate nanostructuring of SnO2 NRs/BiVO4 is the underlying technology to tune the performance under directional illumination. The SnO2 NRs/BiVO4 exhibits a maximum incident photon to current efficiency of ∼80% under front and back illumination. A systematic study reveals that the optimized network like BiVO4 coated on porous SnO2 NRs synergistically boosts both the charge separation and transfer efficiencies of the photoanode resulting in a significantly high photocurrent for illumination on either side. This work provides a direction to achieve enhanced photocurrent during front and back side illumination in order to realize a wireless tandem configuration.</P>

Recent Advances in Bismuth-Based Nanomaterials for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Bhat, Swetha S. M.,Jang, Ho Won WILEY-VCH 2017 CHEM SUS CHEM Vol.10 No.15

<P>In recent years, bismuth-based nanomaterials have drawn considerable interest as potential candidates for photoelectro-chemical (PEC) water splitting owing to their narrow band gaps, nontoxicity, and low costs. The unique electronic structure of bismuth-based materials with a well-dispersed valence band comprising Bi6s and O2p orbitals offers a suitable band gap to harvest visible light. This Review presents significant advancements in exploiting bismuth-based nanomaterials for solar water splitting. An overview of the different strategies employed and the new ideas adopted to improve the PEC performance of bismuth-based nanomaterials are discussed. Morphology control, the construction of heterojunctions, doping, and co-catalyst loading are several approaches that are implemented to improve the efficiency of solar water splitting. Key issues are identified and guidelines are suggested to rationalize the design of efficient bismuth-based materials for sunlight-driven water splitting.</P>

Tolerance to Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in the Mouse Model of Autoprotection Is Associated with Induction of Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase-3 (FMO3) in Hepatocytes

Rudraiah, Swetha,Rohrer, Philip R.,Gurevich, Igor,Goedken, Michael J.,Rasmussen, Theodore,Hines, Ronald N.,Manautou, José,E. Oxford University Press 2014 Toxicological sciences Vol.141 No.1

<P>Acetaminophen (APAP) pretreatment with a hepatotoxic dose (400 mg/kg) in mice results in resistance to a second, higher dose (600 mg/kg) of APAP (APAP autoprotection). Recent microarray work by our group showed a drastic induction of liver flavin containing monooxygenase-3 (Fmo3) mRNA expression in our mouse model of APAP autoprotection. The role of liver Fmo3, which detoxifies xenobiotics, in APAP autoprotection is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the gene regulation and protein expression of liver <I>Fmo3</I> during APAP hepatotoxicity. The functional consequences of <I>Fmo3</I> induction were also investigated. Plasma and livers were collected from male C57BL/6J mice over a period of 72 h following a single dose of APAP (400 mg/kg) to measure Fmo3 mRNA and protein expression. Although Fmo3 mRNA levels increased significantly following APAP treatment, protein expression changed marginally. In contrast, both Fmo3 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in APAP autoprotected livers. Unlike male C57BL/6J mice, female mice have ∼80-times higher constitutive Fmo3 mRNA levels and are highly resistant to APAP hepatotoxicity. Coadministration of APAP with the FMO inhibitor methimazole rendered female mice susceptible to APAP hepatotoxicity, with no changes in susceptibility detected in male mice. Furthermore, a human hepatocyte cell line (HC-04) clone over-expressing human FMO3 showed enhanced resistance to APAP cytotoxicity. Taken together, these findings establish for the first time induction of Fmo3 protein expression and function by xenobiotic treatment. Our results also indicate that Fmo3 expression and function plays a role in protecting the liver from APAP-induced toxicity. Although the mechanism(s) of this protection remains to be elucidated, this work describes a novel protective function for this enzyme.</P>

An overview on chemical processes for synthesis of graphene from waste carbon resources

Abhilash,Swetha Vaidyanathan,Meshram Pratima 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.3

Graphene, the wonder material has brought a revolutionary change in the field of nanotechnology owing to its tremendous properties. Though different methods for the synthesis of graphene have been reported, the chemical synthesis route offers a scalable and high-volume production of graphene. The unreliability of graphite and hydrocarbon resources to serve as steady supplies of carbon resources and further in the synthesis of graphene has led to the exploration and use of alternative low-cost carbon-rich resources (coal, graphite, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, peanut shells, waste tyres, etc.) as precursors for graphene synthesis. The use of untraditional carbon resources reduces dependence on traditional resources (coal, graphite), reduced cost, increased reliability, and provides a way for the management of waste biomass. This review hence focuses on the synthesis of graphene by the most common approachable method, oxidation–reduction of graphite, along with the various other chemical methods of synthesis from varied carbon resources.

Measurement of liquid film thickness in air - water two phase flows in conventional and mini channels using image processing

Arunkumar Seshadri,Swetha Mahadevan,Venkatesan Muniyandi 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.5

The measurement and study of liquid films in the case of two phase flows is significant in many heat transfer and mass transfer applications, such as chemical process industries, micro reactors, coating processes and in boilers. The focus of the present study was to measure and characterize the thickness of the liquid films for various two phase flow regimes in conventional and in mini channels using a non-intrusive technique. Experiments were performed on tubes of diameters 0.6, 1.5, 2.6 and 3.4mm. The superficial velocities of gas and liquid are in the range of 0.01-50 and 0.01-3m/s, respectively. The flow patterns were recorded with a high speed camera. A method to determine the two phase flow velocity using image registration has been discussed. Morphological processing and gray scale analysis were used to determine the liquid film thickness and characterize the flow regimes. The flow patterns identified are bubbly, dispersed bubbly, slug, slug-annular, wavy-annular, stratified, and annular. The flow regimes were validated with flow maps available in the literature. The liquid film thickness was identified by distance transform technique in image processing. The magnitude of film thickness varied with liquid and gas flow velocities. The film thickness was represented in terms of capillary number. The variation in film thickness along the length of the flow regime has been discussed. A relation between the liquid film thicknesses measured using the non-intrusive image processing technique and capillary number for the conventional and mini tubes is proposed based on the analysis. It is concluded from the proposed correlation that the variation in liquid film thickness is different for conventional and mini channels because of the effect of inertial dominance in conventional channels and viscous dominance in mini channels.

Proliposomes of lisinopril dihydrate for transdermal delivery: Formulation aspects and evaluation

Suresh Bandari,Swetha Gangishetty,Basanth Babu Eedara,Raju Jukanti,Prabhakar Reddy Veerareddy 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.8

We formulated and evaluated proliposomal gel of relatively low bioavailable drug lisinopril dihydrate (LDH)for transdermal delivery. Several proliposomal gel formulations of lisinopril dihydrate were prepared by modified coacervation phase separation method and examined for formation of liposomes by optical microscope and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The formulations were evaluated for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency,rheological behavior, ex vivo drug permeation, skin irritation and stability. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies were performed to understand the phase transition behavior and mechanism for skin permeation, respectively. The microscopic examination revealed the formation of liposomes from proliposomal gel, and the size of the vesicles was found to be in the range of 385 nm to 635 nm. Entrapment efficiency was high for the formulation containing greater amounts of phosphatidylcholine. The DSC studies indicated the amorphous form of LDH in proliposomal gel formulation. Ex vivo permeation studies revealed sustained permeation of drug from proliposomal gels studied. The stability studies reveal that the proliposomal formulations are more stable when stored at refrigeration temperature (4 oC). In conclusion, proliposomal gels offer potential and prove to be efficient carriers for improved and sustained transdermal delivery of lisinopril dihydrate.