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A Primer on Interoception and its Importance in Psychiatry
Swarna Buddha Nayok(Swarna Buddha Nayok ),Vanteemar S. Sreeraj(Vanteemar S. Sreeraj ),Venkataram Shivakumar(Venkataram Shivakumar ),Ganesan Venkatasubramanian(Ganesan Venkatasubramanian ) 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.2
Interoception is the perception of signals from inside the body. It plays a significant role in the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and endocrine systems. It is also closely related to the autonomic nervous system and inflammatory pathways and plays a significant role in our optimal functioning. Recently, interoception has gained more attention in neuropsychiatric research. Anatomical and physiological aspects of interoception like relevant brain areas, the role of the vagus nerve, and the autonomic nervous system are gradually being understood. Different facets of interoception like interoceptive attention, detection, magnitude, discrimination, accuracy, awareness, and appraisal have been proposed and their assessments and importance are being evaluated. Further, interoception is often dysregulated or abnormal in psychiatric disorders. It has been implicated in the psychopathology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of mood, anxiety, psychotic, personality and addiction-related disorders. This narrative review attempts to provide a nuanced understanding of the pathway(s), components, functions, assessments, and problems of interoception and will help us to detect its disturbances and evaluate its impact on psychiatric disorders, leading to a better perspective and management. This will also advance interoception-related research.
Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Consistency in the Exchange Rate Expeda1ion Formation Process
( Swarna D. Dutt ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.3
This paper undertakes a two step test of consistency in the foreign exchange rate expectation formation process. In step one the General Extrapolative Model (GEM) is used with level of exchange rate survey forecasts. In step two the changes in levels of exchange forecasts are used to test consistency applying the cointegration methodology, thus taking non-stationarity into account. The thorny issue of the risk premium is avoided by using survey data on actual experts expectations. The GEM upholds (rejects) consistency in the short (long) forecast horizon, but the cointegration results confirm consistency and hence rationality in expectation formation across all horizons.
Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Consistency in the Exchange Rate Expectation Formation Process
Dutt, Swarna D. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1994 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.9 No.3
This paper undertakes a two step test of consistency in the foreign exchange rate expectation formation process. In step one the General Extrapolative Model(GEM) is used with level of exchange rate survey forecasts. In step two the changes in levels of exchange forecasts are used to test consistency applying the cointegration methodology, thus taking non-stationarity into account. The thorny issue of the risk premium is avoided by using survey data on actual experts expectations. The GEM upholds (rejects) consistency in the short (long) forecast horizon, but the cointegration results confirm consistency and hence rationality in expectation formation across all horizons.
Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha,Arvinder-Singh HS 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.4
Background: The provision of sick leave to patients in general practice often entails a complex decision-making process. Commonly, general practitioners believe that the act of providing sick leave can become confrontational. We assessed the intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control of general practitioners in relation to sick leave provision at public health clinics in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was implemented using data from 86 primary health care clinics in two states in Malaysia from February 2014 to March 2015. A questionnaire that comprised indirect measures were developed on the basis of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The questionnaire assessed several dimensions related to sickness certification provision viz., intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Results: The mean scores in this study revealed that physicians acknowledged that patient factors such as clinical symptoms (6.59±0.04), debilitating signs and symptoms of diseases (6.45±0.06), importance of illness recovery (6.07±0.07), and approval of employers (5.35±0.09) played an important role in their decision to provide sick leave. Conclusion: The act of providing sickness certification to patients is a complex decision-making process. The findings of this study can be used to devise a targeted intervention to reduce the conflict that physicians face in issuing sick leaves.
Probability or Reasoning: Current Thinking and Realistic Strategies for Improved Medical Decisions
Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha 대한가정의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.38 No.6
A prescriptive model approach in decision making could help achieve better diagnostic accuracy in clinical practicethrough methods that are less reliant on probabilistic assessments. Various prescriptive measures aimed at regulatingfactors that influence heuristics and clinical reasoning could support clinical decision-making process. Clinicianscould avoid time-consuming decision-making methods that require probabilistic calculations. Intuitively,they could rely on heuristics to obtain an accurate diagnosis in a given clinical setting. An extensive literature reviewof cognitive psychology and medical decision-making theory was performed to illustrate how heuristics could beeffectively utilized in daily practice. Since physicians often rely on heuristics in realistic situations, probabilistic estimationmight not be a useful tool in everyday clinical practice. Improvements in the descriptive model of decisionmaking (heuristics) may allow for greater diagnostic accuracy.
Silent Left Large Atrial Myxoma: A Patient with Serial Electrocardiogram Variation
Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha,Shadidah Abdul Malek 대한가정의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.38 No.4
Cardiac myxoma is often discovered as an incidental finding and presents with various subtle symptoms and signs. Electrocardiographic findings are mostly non-specific. Atrial flutter or conduction abnormalities are known to be rare. We report a case of large left atrial myxoma that was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography at a prima-ry care clinic. An asymptomatic, 71-year-old woman presented with serial abnormal electrocardiogram changes during a routine consultation. A diagnosis of left atrial myxoma was obtained through transthoracic echocardiogra-phy. We report this case with a review of literature on cardiac myxoma associated with arrhythmia.
Catch-up in Technology-driven Services : The Case of the Indian Software Services Industry
Rishikesha T. Krishnan,Swarna Kumar Vallabhaneni 서울대학교 경제연구소 2010 Seoul journal of economics Vol.23 No.2
Past studies on catch-up processes have focused primarily on manufacturing industries. The present paper studies catch-up processes in the context of the Indian software services industry and finds that the existing models are unable to comprehensively explain the catch-up processes in this industry. The authors provide a fresh perspective on catch-up processes based on scientific intensity and production maturity of individual technologies, and propose catch-up paths for individual companies from a technological perspective. Firms initially focus on productionizing highly mature technologies, and then leverage that learning to move into technologies of higher scientific intensity. External factors such as product market conditions play a major role as well in firms' ability and motivation to make such moves.
EXPLICIT SOLUTIONS OF INFINITE QUADRATIC PROGRAMS
Sivakumar, K.C.,Swarna, J.Mercy 한국전산응용수학회 2003 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.12 No.1
Let H be a Hilbert space, X be a real Banach space, A : H \longrightarrow X be an operator with D(A) dense in H, G: H \longrightarrow H be positive definite, $\chi$ $\in$ D(A) and b $\in$ H. Consider the quadratic programming problem: QP: Minimize $\frac{1}{2}$〈p, $\chi$〉 + 〈$\chi$, G$\chi$〉 subject to A$\chi$= b In this paper, we obtain an explicit solution to the above problem using generalized inverses.