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Jon Are Suul,Salvatore D"Arco,Giuseppe Guidi 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
This paper presents a single-phase Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) and its possible application for providing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services from domestic battery chargers of Electric Vehicles (EVs). In a VSM, the power converter is controlled to emulate the inertia and the damping effect of a synchronous machine. Thus, a VSMbased EV charger can contribute to the spinning reserve and frequency regulation of the power system. In case of grid outages, the VSM can seamlessly establish an islanded grid and supply local loads from the battery onboard the EV. In order to avoid the influence on the virtual inertia from power oscillations associated with a single phase circuit, the proposed control scheme relies on a virtual twophase system for calculating active and reactive powers. The proposed VSM implementation is described in detail and its dynamic performances in grid-connected as well as standalone operation are demonstrated by numerical simulations and by laboratory experiments.
Giuseppe Guidi,Salvatore D"Arco,Jon Are Suul,Ryosuke Iso,Jun-Ichi Itoh 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
This paper presents a system configuration for transformer-less grid integration of large-scale charging infrastructures for electric vehicles (EVs) with wireless inductive charging. The proposed configuration relies on a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology as the grid interface of the charging infrastructure, where one wireless EV charger can be supplied from each individual module. This system topology could provide significant reduction in footprint and complexity of cable installations by allowing for transformer-less connection and direct integration with the medium voltage distribution grid. The requirements for power flow management when charging EVs that are unevenly distributed within the infrastructure are evaluated analytically. On this basis, a control strategy is presented for ensuring horizontal and vertical energy balancing among the MMC arms, and voltage balancing among the modules of each arm. Time-domain simulations demonstrate how the system can operate with severe unbalances resulting from different number and location of charging EVs.