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Sunhae Lee,Sae Woon Park,Dam Namgung 한국무역학회 2019 Journal of Korea trade Vol.23 No.4
Purpose - This study analyzes the effect of internationalization represented as exporting on firm performance on the subject of SMEs operating in Masan Free Trade Zone which has shown poor performance recently despite its status as the oldest and largest free trade zone in Korea. We also analyze the effect of firm size on firm performance, and the moderating role of firm size in relation to internationalization and firm performance. Design/methodology - This study uses multiple regression models for unbalanced panel data as the empirical tools for the estimation of the effect that internationalization has on firm performance (ROA or ROS). Our sample consists of 91 manufacturing SMEs among all 110 companies located in Masan Free Trade Zone as of 2017. Findings - The degree of internationalization has a negative impact on firm performance. However, firm size turns out to have a positive effect and play a positive moderating role in the relation to internationalization and firm performance. This seems to be because most tenant companies operating in Masan Free Trade Zone are small firms whose costs of internationalization may exceed the benefits. Empirical results also show that longer CEO tenure has a greater negative effect on firm performance. Originality/value - The originality/value of this paper can be found in 3 aspects. First, we conducted an empirical analysis on the relationship between the internationalization and firm performance of SMEs in a specific region, namely, Masan Free Trade Zone. Second, while most previous studies focused on listed medium companies, most of the sample of this study are small and medium nonlisted enterprises. Third, it is witnessed that firm size has a positive moderating effect on the relation between internationalization and firm performance.
Sunhae Shin,Jang, Esan,Jae Won Jeong,Byung-Gook Park,Kyung Rok Kim Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2015 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol. No.
<P>We propose a novel standard ternary inverter (STI) based on nanoscale CMOS technology for a compact design of multivalued logic. Using the gate bias independent OFF-state mechanisms of junction band-to-band tunneling (BTBT), tristate STI operation has been demonstrated in the conventional binary CMOS inverter by TCAD device and mixed-mode circuit simulation with 32-nm high-κ/metal-gate technology. Through analytical device modeling on BTBT and subthreshold current, static noise margin (SNM), off-leakage variation (OLV), and operation voltage (V<SUB>DD</SUB>) scaling limits of STI have been investigated. The typical SNM is 200 mV and the variability of the intermediate level (ΔV<SUB>OM</SUB>~ 50 mV) from OLV can be allowable into the worst SNM (>100 mV) of STI operation at V<SUB>DD</SUB> = 1 V. Exponentially reduced BTBT off-leakage around minimum V<SUB>DD</SUB> ~ 0.1 V is promising for ultimate low-power application of our STI.</P>
Threshold Values of Institutional Quality on FDI Inflows: Evidence from Developing Economies
Sunhae LEE 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.12 No.10
Purpose: This study estimates the threshold values of institutional quality through investigating the non-linear effect of six sub-indices of Worldwide Governance Indicators on FDI inflows in 34 developing countries in Asia and Eastern Europe over the period from 2000-2017. Research Design, data and methodology: GMM EGLS is employed which does not include the lagged value of the dependent variable as an independent variable. As a proxy for the institutional quality, either one of the six sub-indices of WGI from World Bank or the composite index obtained through a principal component analysis is used in a separate model. Results: An improvement in institutional quality, when the quality stays below a certain threshold level, does not increase FDI inflows, and only when the quality is above the threshold, it can positively influence FDI inflows. The threshold values of political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, and rule of law are relatively higher than those of the other dimensions of WGI. Conclusion: Institutional quality of the developing economies of Asia and Eastern Europe has a non-linear effect on FDI inflows. The target countries need to upgrade their institutional quality above the threshold in order to attract more FDIs.
A Study of English Prodcution in the Context of Community Support
Sunhae Hwang 한국사회언어학회 2003 사회언어학 Vol.11 No.2
The purpose of the study is to explore how community involvement supports English use in the context of interactional situations. In the EFL situation, target language use, especially in the early stage of learning, tends to be limited within the classroom setting and between the students and the teachers. In this experimental study, learners' activities were designed to get the college community involved in such a way that the faculty members participated in the students' English speaking activities in a natural communicative manner. In addition, this study illustrated linguistic features of the experimental and control group for the purpose of examining the effects of interactional activities outside the classroom, i.e., the college community. The results show that the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of communicative and pedagogical aspects of language learning. It has been proposed that the early English production can be beneficial if community support is initiated for the target language use.
Sunhae Lee 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2021 무역보험연구 Vol.22 No.5
이 연구는 하나은행이 서울보증보험을 상대로 제기한 이행보증보험청구 소송에 대한 2021년 7월 대법원 판례(대법원 2021.7.8. 선고 2017다218895판결)를 중심으로 하여 청구보증통일규칙 (URDG458)을 준거규칙으로 하는 구상보증서에서 보증은행의 구상보증은행에 대한 지급청구 요건을 검토한다. 이 구상보증서에는 보증은행의 단순지급청구에 대하여 구상보증은행이 무 조건 지급을 하는 것으로 기재되어 있었으나 보증은행이 수익자로부터 일치하는 청구를 받았 다는 보강진술이 누락되어 법원에서는 보증은행의 지급청구가 하자가 있는 것으로 판단하여, 하나은행이 서울보증보험에 이행보증 보험금을 청구할 수 없다고 판결하였다. 청구보증통일규칙에서는 구상보증서에서 요구하지 않더라도 보증은행이 구상보증은행에 지 급청구를 할 때 수익자로부터 일치하는 지급청구를 받았다는 보강진술을 제시하여야 한다고 규정하고 있다. 그러나 보증은행은 이와 같은 규정을 알지 못하여 보강진술을 제시하지 않았 다. 지급청구를 할 때 보강진술을 제시해야 된다는 청구보증통일규칙의 규정은 청구보증 또는 구상보증 수익자에게는 함정이 될 수 있으므로 주의를 요한다. 이 사건에서 하나은행은 보증은행의 지급청구가 불일치함에도 불구하고 신속한 지급거절 통 지를 하지 않음으로 인해 서류상 하자를 근거로 한 대금지급 거절 권리를 상실하였다, Purpose : Focusing on a recent Korean court case, this study aims to review the requirements of demand under counter-guarantee subject to URDG 458, and derive precaution points for the beneficiary and the guarantor or the counter guarantor at the time of demand under a guarantee or a counter-guarantee subject to URDG. Research design, data, methodology : Literature study with regard to a recent Korean court case is conducted in reference to International Standard Demand Guarantee Practice and foreign court cases related to guarantees or counter guarantees. Results : The Supreme Court decided that even if the beneficiary’s simple demand is allowed in the counter guarantee subject to URDG 458, a supporting statement must be provided in a demand unless article 20(b) of URDG 458 is expressly excluded. Conclusions : It should be noted that, unless article 20(b) of URDG 458 is expressly excluded, the beneficiary must present a supporting statement even if a simple demand is allowed in a demand guarantee or a counter guarantee. Also, if the presentation is noncompliant, a guarantor or a counter guarantor must send the beneficiary a refusal notice without delay.
Sunhae Shin,In Man Kang,Kyung Rok Kim 대한전자공학회 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.6
We propose a novel negative differential resistance (NDR) device with ultra-high peak-tovalley current ratio (PVCR) by combining pn junction diode with depletion mode nanowire (NW) transistor, which suppress the valley current with transistor off-leakage level. Band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) Esaki diode with degenerately doped pn junction can provide multiple switching behavior having multi-peak and valley currents. These multiple NDR characteristics can be controlled by doping concentration of tunnel diode and threshold voltage of NW transistor. By designing our NDR device, PVCR can be over 10<SUP>4</SUP> at low operation voltage of 0.5 V in a single peak and valley current.