1990년대 엽편소설 기획·출판의 활성화와 그 의미

홍성식 ( Hong¸ Sung-sik ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2021 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.69

1990년대는 80년대를 지배했던 이념과 정치 중심의 거대담론이 해체되어 새로운 주조를 탐색하는 전형기(轉形期)적인 특성을 갖는다. 계급·민족·계몽 대신에 탈계급·탈민족·탈계몽이 자리하면서 거대담론의 공백을 메우기 위해 다양한 파장들이 생겨났다. 문학은 대중문화의 열풍 속에서 일상과 개인의 내면에 집중하는 경향을 보였고 자연, 생명, 여성, 다문화 문제 등으로 주제가 다양화되었다. 90년대 후반기에 접어들면서 서사양식에도 큰 변화가 일어나기 시작했다. 그 중 하나가 엽편소설의 등장이다. 이 글에서는 대체로 1996년부터 『작가세계』와 『문학사상』에서 기획한 엽편소설 특집과 같은 시기에 최성각, 박상우, 김소진, 윤대녕, 성석제, 구효서, 이순원, 전은강, 전상국, 박덕규, 하창수 등 출판 붐을 이룬 엽편소설집을 차례로 살펴보았다. 당시 수많은 작품이 발표되었음에도 여전히 연구의 사각지대에 놓인 엽편소설에 대한 관심을 환기하려는 노력의 일환이다. 동시에 1920년대 후반기 『조선문단』, 『조선지광』, 『조선일보』 등에서 제기된 장편소설(掌篇小說, 콩트)부터 최근 기하급수적으로 생산·소비되면서 팽창하고 있는 웹 기반의 통칭 초단편 소설까지 짧은 서사들에 대한 관계를 규명하는 한 과정이기도 하다. 1990년대 안에서는 80년대 문학과는 다른 자리에 선 엽편소설의 의미를 규명하고자 하였다. 그 의미를 단적으로 드러내는 물음은 ‘1990년대 후반기 엽편소설은 문학(소설)의 위기 타개라는 기대에 부응했는가’이다. 당시 본격문학의 자리에 올라서진 못한 부동적인 존재였음에도 엽편소설에 기대했던 것은 새로운 대안의 양식이 될 수 있는가 하는 점이었다. 『작가세계』 특집에는 기성과 신인의 구분 없이 다양한 작가들이 등장했다. 소설가뿐만 아니라 시인들 역시 이 형식적인 실험에 참여했다. 소설과 시 혹은 소설과 수필의 경계에 서 있는 작품들도 보이지만 다양한 실험을 통해 문학에 대한 매우 새로움과 흥미를 소환하고자 하였다. 『문학사상』에서는 형식적인 실험에 흥행(대중성)까지 고려한 것으로 보인다. 참여 작가와 주제가 『작가세계』보다 훨씬 다양하고 넓다. 그러나 엽편소설에 대한 양식적 이해가 부재한 가운데 이를 정립하려는 작가적 노력도 미미했다. 문학지의 기획 의도와 발표된 작품 양에 비해 주목할 만한 작품이 너무 적었다. 또 단행본으로 소개된 엽편소설집에서는 개별 작가의 개성과 경향성이 뚜렷이 드러났다. 사소한 삶 속에서 인생의 의미를 찾는 과정은 공통되나, 그 방향은 매우 다양했다. 성석제는 희화화의 방식을 통해 기존질서와 권위를 해체하는 과정에서 찾았고, 김소진은 소소한 일상의 의미를 뒤돌아보는 과정에서 찾기도 했다. 세기말과 물신주의를 보다 직접적으로 풍자·비판한 최성각과 전은강, 인간사의 보다 근원적인 문제를 다룬 하창수와 이외수도 주목할 만하다. 그러나 작가 간은 물론 같은 작품집 안에서도 질적인 차이가 상당했다는 점과 각 작가들의 단편과 장편에 비교할 때 엽편소설의 문학성은 현저히 미치지 못한 점 등은 한번 되짚어봐야 할 문제다. The 1990s was a time when the metadiscourse centered on ideology and politics was dismantled and a new mainstream was explored. Instead of class, nation, enlightenment, post-class, post-nation, de-enlightenment took place and various trends emerged. Topics such as nature, life, women and multicultural issues have diversified. In the late 90s, the narrative style also changed significantly. This is the emergence of Yeobpyeon-Soseol. In this article, I reviewed the special novels of 『Jaggasegye』 and 『Munhagsasang』 and many Collections of Yeobpyeon-Soseol. Various writers such as established and new appeared In 『Jaggasegye』. Not only novelists but also poets participated in formal experiments. There were also works that stood in the middle or between novels and poetry or novels and essays. They tried to bring newness and interest in literature through various experiments. 『Munhagsasang』 was designed from formal experiment to box office success(popularity). The writers and subjects are much wider and more diverse than in 『Jaggasegye』. However, there was a lack of stylistic understanding of the novel and the author's efforts to establish this were also weak. There were too few remarkable works for the amount of work. In the Collection of Yeobpyeon-Soseol, the artist's personality and tendency were clearly revealed. The process of finding the meaning of life in a trivial life was common, but the directions were very diverse. Seong Seok-je dismantled the existing order and authority through interest and fun, and Kim So-jin found it in the process of looking back on the meaning of small everyday life. However, there were significant differences in quality not only between writers but also within the same collection. Also, compared to the writers shorts and novels, Yeobpyeon-Soseol's literary quality was very poor.

초등 교과융합 다문화교육을 위한 다문화 교육모형(IDEA)의 개발

김성식 ( Kim¸ Sung Sik ),김정원 ( Kim¸ Jeong-weon ),이인재 ( Lee¸ In Jae ),장은영 ( Jang¸ Eun-young ) 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구원 2020 한국초등교육 Vol.31 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 초등학교 교과목에 다문화교육을 적절히 융합하고 재구성할 수 있는 모형을 구축함으로써 체계적이고 효과적인 다문화교육 프로그램의 운영 가능성을 제시하는 데에 있다. 연구는 3단계로 이루어졌다. 먼저, 다문화교육의 관점에서 2015 개정 초등 교육과정 내용을 분석함으로써, 교육과정의 재구성을 통한 초등학교 다문화교육 프로그램 실행이 가능한가를 검토하였다. 그리고 이 검토 결과를 바탕으로 다문화교육 핵심영역과 요소를 추출하여 초등학교 다문화교육 교과재구성을 위한 ‘IDEA 모형’을 개발하였다. 이는 핵심영역을 정체성(Identity), 다양성(Diversity), 인권과 평등(Equity), 공존과 협력(Along with)의 4개 영역으로 하고 각각 4개의 하위 개념요소를 설정하여 최종적으로 4개 핵심영역과 16개 하위 개념요소로 구성한 모형이다. 또한, 다문화교육의 관점에서 학년 군별로 성취기준을 설정하였다. 그리고 IDEA 모형의 성취기준을 융합하여 초등학교 교육과정의 성취기준을 학년군과 교과목별로 정리하여 제시하였다. 성취기준은 지식적 측면뿐만 아니라 태도, 기술 (기능), 사회적 실천 측면 등 역량의 제 측면을 균형 있게 포괄할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 마지막으로, IDEA 다문화교육 모형을 실제 교과 수업에 적용할 때 활용할 수 있는 교과활동과 교수학습 자료를 개발하여 그 예시를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 구축한 교육과정 차원의 다문화교육 연계와 재구성을 위한 IDEA 모형은 다문화교육의 대상을 모든 학생으로 확장시킬 뿐 아니라, 상세한 내용체계와 학년군 및 교과목별 방대한 분량의 다문화교육 코딩을 제공함으로써 학교현장에서 체계적인 다문화교육을 손쉽게 시도할 수 있도록 도울 수 있다는 데에 그 의의가 있다. 후속연구로서, 다문화교육 IDEA 모형에 따른 수업 또는 프로그램을 실제 교실 현장에 적용한 후 그 효과성을 검토할 수 있는 적절한 진단 및 검사도구의 개발이 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to develop a multicultural educational model to integrate multicultural contents across the primary-level educational curriculum. The model is expected to establish systematic and effective multicultural educational programs to be implemented in the classrooms. This study was conducted in three steps: firstly, the 2015 primary-level national curriculum was analyzed from a multicultural education perspective in order to confirm the feasibility of multicultural contents’ integration into each subject. Secondly, the results of the analyses helped develop an IDEA multicultural model, which consisted of 4 core areas (Identity, Diveristy, Equity, Along with) and 16 sub-categories. For each subject, in addition, grade-level achievement standards of the IDEA multicultural model were specifically articulated. An IDEA-based primary-level multicultural curriculum, which combined pre-existing subject contents and multicultural contents, was completed with grade-level achievement standards for each subject. The IDEA standards addressed not merely knowledge but also attitudes and social actions for multiculturalism so that students can cultivate and promote balanced multicultural competencies. Lastly, class activities and teaching materials were developed and suggested to help teachers who are willing to integrate this IDEA model into their subject teaching. This study is of significance in that the developed IDEA model has potentials to expand the range of multicultural education to every student, not limited to CLD students, as well as to provide teachers with systematic, hands-on guidelines for implementing multicultural education in the classrooms. For a follow-up study, it is expected to develop proper diagnostic tools to measure the effectiveness of the IDEA-based primary subject teaching on enhancing students’ multicultural competency.

시문(詩文)에 나타난 이달충(李達衷)의 유학적 세계관

정성식 ( Jung Sungsik ) 한국철학사연구회 2020 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.67

본 논문의 목적은 시문에 함유되어 있는 이달충의 세계관을 재조명하여 유학자로서의 발자취를 거시적으로 살펴보는 데 있다. 고려 후기 이달충이 활동한 공민왕대는 대내외적으로 매우 혼란스러웠다. 그는 여러 시문을 통해 험난한 현실에서의 좌절과 그 대응 방식을 단적으로 잘 보여 주고 있다. 시대의 변화에 적응하며 살아나가고자 하는 생각과 지조를 지키고자 하는 의식이 서로 대립되어 갈등을 겪기도 했다. 그러나 그는 자신의 재능이 비록 부족하지만 보국광세(輔國匡世)의 결연한 의지를 다졌다. 이달충의 관직 생활은 대부분 공민왕이 국정을 운영하던 때였다. 공민왕은 개혁을 모색하여 당시 문제를 야기시키는 권문세족의 세력을 제재하려고 했다. 그러나 공민왕의 개혁정책은 자신이 구상한 대로 진행되지 않았다. 당시 복잡한 국제정세가 지속적인 개혁을 어렵게 하였고, 개혁대상인 권문세족들의 기반도 견실했기 때문에 성공을 거두지 못하였다. 공민왕은 무명의 승려인 신돈을 등용하며 개혁정책을 다시 가동하였다. 갑자기 부귀영화를 누린 신돈은 전횡과 방탕한 생활이 날로 심하여 신하들과 신진사류들로부터 마음이 떠나 비판의 소리가 높아 갔다. 이달충도 당시 국정을 농단하던 신돈에 대해 과감하게 비판했다. 신돈이 자기 멋대로 국정을 농락함에 따라 고려조정이 크게 요동치려고 하니, 고려조를 의지하며 살아가는 백성들도 기댈 곳이 없어져 위태롭게 된다고 지적하였다. 유학자인 이달충은 주춧돌과 기둥을 비유로 들어서 두 개체의 성격을 묘사하며 백성을 위하는 기본정신을 지향했다. 그는 시문을 통해 주춧돌이 크고 튼튼해야 기둥을 높이 세울 수 있듯이, 나라의 기틀을 튼튼히 하는 데에 힘써야 한다고 제시하였다. 이는 바로 백성을 근본으로 삼는다는 유학의 민본의식이 저변에 흐르며 반영된 것이라 하겠다. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine Lee Dalchung's Confucian world view in the poem and to examine his footsteps as a Confucian scholar. The days of Lee Dalchung's activities in the late Goryeo Dynasty were very confusing both internally and externally. Through his many poems, he demonstrated his frustration in the harsh reality and how to respond. There was a conflict between the idea of living by adapting to the changes of the times and the consciousness of keeping one's principles. However, despite his lack of talent, he was determined to help and correct the country. Lee Dalchung's official life was mostly during the reign of King Gongmin. King Gongmin attempted to reform the government, but in the end his reform policies did not go as he had conceived. At that time, the complex international situation made continuous reform difficult, and the foundation of the Gwon Mun-se people who were subject to reform was strong, so it was not successful. King Gongmin resumed his reform policy by using Sin Don, an unknown monk. Suddenly, Shin Don, who enjoyed wealth and honor, became more and more violent and dissipated, leaving his servants and newbies at heart, and the voice of criticism. Lee Dalchung criticized Shin Don who was manipulating state affairs during the period. It was pointed out that the Goryeo government was greatly shaken by Sin Don's playful role in state affairs, and that the people who depend on the Goryeo Dynasty had no place to lean on and were in danger. Lee Dalchung, a Confucian scholar, used the foundation stones and pillars as a metaphor to describe the characteristics of the two objects and pursue a basicspirit for the people. In his poem, he suggested that the foundation of the country should be strengthened, just as large and strong foundation of the foundation can be built high. This is reflected in the basic spirit of Confucianism, which is based on the people.

Petri Net-based Rapid Drafting of the Manufacturing Execution systems fod FMS control

sungsik Park,Pyoung Yol,Kyuchul Song,Hyunbo Cho 대한산업공학회 1998 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.1998 No.10

1.5 V Sub-mW CMOS Interface Circuit for Capacitive Sensor Applications in Ubiquitous Sensor Networks

Sungsik Lee,Ahra Lee,Chang-Han Je,Myung-Lae Lee,Gunn Hwang,Chang-Auck Choi 한국전자통신연구원 2008 ETRI Journal Vol.30 No.5

In this paper, a low-power CMOS interface circuit is designed and demonstrated for capacitive sensor applications, which is implemented using a standard 0.35-μm CMOS logic technology. To achieve low-power performance, the low-voltage capacitance-to-pulse-width converter based on a self-reset operation at a supply voltage of 1.5 V is designed and incorporated into a new interface circuit. Moreover, the external pulse signal for the reset operation is made unnecessary by the employment of the self-reset operation. At a low supply voltage of 1.5 V, the new circuit requires a total power consumption of 0.47 mW with ultra-low power dissipation of 157 μW of the interfacecircuit core. These results demonstrate that the new interface circuit with self-reset operation successfully reduces power consumption. In addition, a prototype wireless sensor-module with the proposed circuit is successfully implemented for practical applications. Consequently, the new CMOS interface circuit can be used for the sensor applications in ubiquitous sensor networks, where low-power performance is essential.

Polydimethylsiloxane induced siliconoma

( Sungsik Shin ),( Min Seok Lee ),( Howard Chu ),( Young In Lee ),( Jae Won Lee ),( Jung U Shin ),( Ju Hee Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Filler injection is quite useful and promising for facial rejuvenation due to immediate effect and reduced risks compared with invasive surgery. However, various side effects have been reported in the literature, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), one of the industrial silicones, can cause local reactions including granulomatous foreign body reactions, abscesses, draining sinuses, scarring, contractures, and deformities, and migration to distant locations and systemic complications have also been reported. A 32-year-old male presented with 3 years history of multiple pea-sized subcutaneous nodules on the forehead which showed no symptoms such as pruritus, pain, and tenderness. He had a history of PDMS injected for forehead wrinkles at the nonmedical beauty shop 7 years ago and the injected sites were getting bigger since3 years ago. A skin biopsy was done to figure out foreign body reactions, and the slide revealed foreign body granulomas in the superficial dermis. There are many different treatment options to reduce granulomas. Systemic corticosteroids are the most widely used and surgical removal could be an option although there are limitations of the aggressiveness and difficulty of fully removing the widely disseminated filler materials. And there is also a report about successful treatment with combination of Nonablative Fractional and Ablative Fractional Lasers.

Development of rheumatoid nodules after anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment with adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis

( Sungsik Shin ),( Kee Yang Chung ),( Dae Suk Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

A 40-year-old male presented with 4 months history of multiple various sized erythematous to violaceous subcutaneous nodules on both extensor surfaces of elbows, which was partially movable and showed no symptoms such as pruritus, pain, and tenderness. He was diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis 7 years ago. A variety of therapeutic options all failed to show symptomatic improvement. Thus, the patient started adalimumab, a human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Introduction of adalimumab injection improved signs and symptoms of RA gradually, however, the multiple subcutaneous nodules occurred in the extensorsides of the elbows two months after. A skin biopsy showed dense fibrinoid deposits in deep dermis and subcutis at low magnification. At high magnification, large palisading granulomas surrounding degenerated connective tissue and fibrin were noticed and mucin deposition was rarely observed. Overall, pathologic features were consistent with rheumatoid nodule. Rheumatoid nodule development is extremely rare side effect and only two cases after etanercept and adalimumab injection have reported so far. However, in the previous report caused by adalimumab injection, rheumatoid nodule was diagnosed by only ultrasonogram. Thus, to our knowledge, this is the first report of rheumatoid nodules confirmed by histopathologic diagnosis following the treatment with adalimumab.

Design and Development of the Kernel Software for Efficiently Building, Reconfiguring, and Distributing an Open CNC Controller

Sungsik Park,JungYup Woo,Hongkoo Hwang,Hwang Cho 대한산업공학회 2002 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.10

The Effects of Multi-Growth Factors-Containing Cream on Post-Thyroidectomy Scars: A Preliminary Study

( Sungsik Shin ),( Jung U Shin ),( Youngin Lee ),( Woong Youn Chung ),( Kee-hyun Nam ),( Tae Gwang Kwon ),( Ju Hee Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.3

Background: Growth factors play important roles in wound healing. However, the evidence for the effects of growth factors on post-thyroidectomy scars is limited. Objective: We performed a prospective study to assess the preventive and therapeutic effect of a multi-growth factor (MGF)-containing cream on post-thyroidectomy scars. Methods: Twenty-one patients with thyroidectomy scars applied MGF cream twice a day. We assessed the changes in erythema, pigmentation, skin elasticity, and skin hydration status using the erythema index, melanin index, cutometer, and corneometer, respectively. In addition, Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and patient satisfaction were assessed at 10 days after surgery (baseline), 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after baseline. Results: The mean total VSS scores were significantly lower at 6 weeks (3.24±1.51 vs. 1.91±1.38) and 12 weeks (3.24±1.51 vs. 1.71±1.59) compared to the baseline. The degree of pigmentation was significantly lower at 12 weeks compared to the baseline, and the skin elasticity, and the skin hydration status were significantly higher at 12 weeks compared to the baseline. Over 85% of the patients were satisfied with the use of MGF cream without any adverse effect. Conclusion: MGF cream might have additive or supportive effect for scar formation after thyroidectomy. (Ann Dermatol 29(3) 314∼320, 2017)

Accelerated Monte Carlo analysis of flow-based system reliability through artificial neural network-based surrogate models

Sungsik Yoon,Young-Joo Lee,Hyung-Jo Jung 국제구조공학회 2020 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.26 No.2

Conventional Monte Carlo simulation-based methods for seismic risk assessment of water networks often require excessive computational time costs due to the hydraulic analysis. In this study, an Artificial Neural Network-based surrogate model was proposed to efficiently evaluate the flow-based system reliability of water distribution networks. The surrogate model was constructed with appropriate training parameters through trial-and-error procedures. Furthermore, a deep neural network with hidden layers and neurons was composed for the high-dimensional network. For network training, the input of the neural network was defined as the damage states of the k-dimensional network facilities, and the output was defined as the network system performance. To generate training data, random sampling was performed between earthquake magnitudes of 5.0 and 7.5, and hydraulic analyses were conducted to evaluate network performance. For a hydraulic simulation, EPANET-based MATLAB code was developed, and a pressure-driven analysis approach was adopted to represent an unsteady-state network. To demonstrate the constructed surrogate model, the actual water distribution network of A-city, South Korea, was adopted, and the network map was reconstructed from the geographic information system data. The surrogate model was able to predict network performance within a 3% relative error at trained epicenters in drastically reduced time. In addition, the accuracy of the surrogate model was estimated to within 3% relative error (5% for network performance lower than 0.2) at different epicenters to verify the robustness of the epicenter location. Therefore, it is concluded that ANN-based surrogate model can be utilized as an alternative model for efficient seismic risk assessment to within 5% of relative error.