A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Lee, Yong Sam,Kim, Sang Hyuk,Mihn, Byeong-Hee The Korean Space Science Society 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the $15^{th}$ year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) Alloy Powder Using Gas-Atomization and SPS Process

Yong‑Ho Kim,Hyo‑Sang Yoo,Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Hyun‑Kuk Park,Hyeon‑Taek Son 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

In order to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties on Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloy, a mixed powder with pureelements and an alloy powder using a gas atomization process were used. Fine and high purity Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloypowder was successfully prepared by gas atomization and densified using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The overallpowder size distribution of the mixed Al, Cr, and Si elemental powders was in the range of 10–15 μm. The atomized Al–Cr–Sialloy powder was fine and spherical in morphology and difficult to be formed by intermetallic formation. Densification wasclearly confirmed at 1000 °C, with almost isolated pores formed, by clear removal of pores between particles, deformationof particles, an increase in the number of contacts, and a change in size between particles. As a result of XRD analysis ofthe sintered compacts, single phase was observed using the mixed powder, but the compact using gas atomization remainedthe alloy phase even at the process temperature. The Vickers hardness of the compacts by mixed powder was observed at59.70 Hv and the compact using gas atomized powders on the temperature 1000 °C of the Vickers hardness increased to702.6 Hv. The compressive yield strength of the compact with mixed powder was 195.24 MPa and the compressive strengthof the compact with gas atomized powder increased to 802.07 MPa. It is considered not to be decomposed by the AlCrSi,Al13Cr4Si4and Al8Cr5phases sintering process, resulting from the improvement of mechanical properties.

A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Yong Sam Lee,Sang Hyuk Kim,Byeong-Hee Mihn 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the 15th year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yanggyeong- gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

Computational Interpretation of the Relation Between Electric Field and the Applied Current for Cathodic Protection Under Different Conductivity Environments

Yong‑Sang Kim,Sang‑Jin Ko,Sangkyu Lee,Jung‑Gu Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.2

An interpretation of the relation between the electric field and the applied current for cathodic protection is investigated usinga boundary element method simulation. Also, a conductivity-difference environment is set for the interface influence. Thevariation of the potential distribution is increased with the increase of the applied current and the conductivity differencedue to the rejection of the current at the interface. In the case of the electric field, the tendencies of the increasing rate andthe applied currents are similar, but the interface influence is different according to the directional component and field type(decrease of Ez and increases of Ex and Ey) due to the directional difference between the electric fields. Also, the changetendencies of the electric fields versus the applied current plots are affected by the polarization curve tendency regardingthe polarization type (activation and concentration polarizations in the oxygen-reduction and hydrogen-reduction reactions). This study shows that the underwater electric signature is determined by the polarization behavior of the materials.

Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Te3 Film Processed by Electrodeposition

Lee, Kwang-Yong,Oh, Tae-Sung Research Institute of Science and Technology HONGI 2005 Hongik Journal of Science and Technology Vol.9 No.-

Thermoelectric properties of the electrodeposited Bi_(2)Te_(3) films have been investigated. Bi_(2)Te_(3) plating solution of 20 mM concentration was prepared by dissolving Bi_(2)O_(3) and TeO_(2) into 1M HNO_(3). Thermoelectric properties of the electroplated Bi_(2)Te_(3) films were changed with the film thickness, and the 40 μm-thick film exhibited Seebeck coefficient of -66 μV/K, electrical resistivity of 2.4 mΩ-cm, and power factor of 1.75x10^(-4) W/K^(2)-m. Using multilayer overhang process, the photoresist pattern to form thermoelectric legs of 30 μm depth and 100 μm diameter was successfully fabricated.

노인종합복지관 프로그램 이용 만족이 노인의 우울정서와 안녕감에 미치는 영향

이의용(Lee Eui-Yong),변상해(Byun, Sang-Hae) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 노인의 여가활동 중 노인종합복지관 프로그램 활용 및 이용 만족도에 따른 우울정서와 안녕감의 관계를 규명하는 것이다.연구를 위해 서울에 소재하고 있는 노인종합복지관 2곳을 선택하여 65세 이상 되는 노인 128명을 대상으로 설문을 배포하고 수집하여 분석하였다.자료분석은 SPSSv.21을 활용하였다.연구 결과,첫째,복지관 프로그램 중 가장 만족도가 높은 것은 노래교실이었다.이용 이유로는 친구를 만나기 위해서가 많았고,주요활동 분야는 취미활동이었 다.둘째,일반적 특성에 따른 우울정서의 차이는 연령과 학력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고,심리적 안녕감은 학력수준에 따라서 유의한 차이가 나타났다.셋째,프로그램 이용 만족도는 우울정서와 안녕감에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다.넷째,프로그램 만족도와 우울정서의 사이에서 심리적 안녕감의 매개효과는 나타나지 않았다. The purpose of this study is to investigate how leisure programs are utilized by senior welfare centers, and analyze the relationship between the degree of satisfaction and the resulting effect on the depressive emotions and psychological well-being of program participants. To that end, a survey was made on 128 persons aged 65 or over who were participating in leisure programs at 2 senior centers located in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 21. The findings were as follows: First, the most satisfactory program was Sing-Along program, while the reason for using senior welfare centers was for meeting friends and the most favorite program was hobby classes; Second, significant differences were found in depressive emotions according to age and educational background and in psychological well-being according to educational background. Third, the degree of satisfaction in programs had a meaningful relationship with depressive emotion and well-being; Fourth, there was no mediating effect of psychological well-being between the degree of program satisfaction and depressive emotion.

유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 일회용 인증 암호 키 설계

이용권(Yong-Kwon Lee),안성은(Sung-Eun Ahn) 한국정보과학회 강원지부 2007 한국정보과학회 강원지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

컴퓨터와 통신을 기반한 정보유통과정에서 공유되는 공개 암호 커의 노출은 보안성이 쉽게 상실될 수 있으므로, 이를 위한 보안 경비의 부담이 문제 된다. 따라서 이러한 문제점은 암호 키의 요소로서 기밀성, 무결성, 인증 그리고 부인이 방지되어야 하며, 반복기능과 반복횟수에서 확신성을 가져야 한다. 그러므로 서버와 클라이언트에서는 정보통신과정에서의 가로채기를 예방할 수 있는 대안으로 데이터를 시스템 DB에 저장하지 않고서도, 또 유통되는 데이터에도 암호화키의 정보를 배제하면서, 또 서버가 클라이언트와의 유통정보에서 발생되는 실행 순서를 일시 메모리에 기록 저장되는 암호화 문을 복호화 할 수 있도록 LEE’c 시스템 모형을 설계한다. 여기서, 유전자 알고리즘을 적용하므로, 부모 난수(R)로부터 교배된 자식 난수CR’)의 관계를 전이(轉移) 해 LEE’c 시스템의 모형을 설계한다.

판상형 충전제의 함량과 배향에 따른 PP복합체의 영률 변화 연구

서상범(Sang Bum Seo),이용현(Yong Hyun Lee),정선경(Sun Kyoung Jeong),이승구(Seung Goo Lee),이기윤(Kee Yoon Lee) 한국고분자학회 2012 폴리머 Vol.36 No.2

이 논문은 판상형 충전제의 함량과 배향에 따라 폴리프로필렌 복합체의 영률 변화에 미치는 영향을 연구 하였다. 이론적인 예측은 Lee와 그의 연구자들에 의해 제안된 두 개의 종횡비, ρα=a1/a3과 ρβ=a1/a2 를 이용하여 3차원 타원체의 형상을 계산하였고 실험값과 비교 분석하였다. 판상형 충전제로 운모와 탈크를 사용하였다. 충전제의 형태는 SEM을 이용해 관찰하였고, 종횡비는 고분자의 흐름을 기준으로 좌표축을 설정하여 통계적 방법으로 계 산하였다. 충전제가 운모인 경우에 ρα=13.5와 ρβ=1.8이었고, 탈크의 경우는 ρα=3.8과 ρβ=1.4이었다. 또한 충전제 의 2개의 종횡비와 함량이 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 운모의 경우 30 wt% 함량일 때 E11이 약 2.7배 향상되었다. 탈크의 경우는 E11이 약 2.3배 향상하였다. This paper studied the effects of the content and the orientation of the disk shape fillers on the modulus of PP composites. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical calculations which included the three dimensional ellipsoids and analyzed by two aspect ratios, ρα=a1/a3 and ρβ=a1/a2 proposed by Lee and his researchers. Mica and talc were used as disk shape fillers in the composites. The shapes of mica and talc were observed by SEM and aspect ratios were statistically calculated. For the case of mica, the average aspect ratios were ρα=13.5 and ρβ=1.8, and for the case of talc, they were ρα=3.8 and ρβ=1.4. Also, the effects of two aspect ratios and the content of filler on the mechanical properties were studied: For 30 wt% of mica, E11 increased up to about 2.7 times, and for the other case of talc, E11 increased up to about 2.3 times, respectively.

Development of a T-DMB Monitoring System

Kyung-Taek Lee1,Ki-Won Kwon,Yong-Suk Park,Sung-Jun Kim,Jong-Ho Paik 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7

With the start of T-DMB service, diverse multimedia broadcasting services became available in the high-speed mobile environment. In addition to high-quality digital radio (audio) and television (video), diverse data services, such as Dynamic Label Segment (DLS), JPEG Slideshow (SLS), Broadcast Web Site (BWS), Traffic and Travel Information (TTI), interactive service using Binary Format for Scenes (BIFS), and Visual Radio, are being serviced. Currently, there is an increase in demand in the market for T-DMB monitoring system that can support all the data service available. In this paper, we present T-DMB monitoring systems that can simultaneously decode 6 services of different format within the two ensemble, through suitable algorithms and multi-thread techniques.