일제 강점기 동화정책 수단으로서의 "조선신궁"의 건립과 운영

국성하 한국교육사학회 2004 한국교육사학 Vol.26 No.1

The Chosun Shrine was established in 1925 at the foot of Mt. Nam in Seoul. Japanese imperialist believed that it was of vital importance to propagate Shrines as a temple to worship. That was why from 1912 Japanese concentrated their energy to create this custom, it finally realized to the Chosun Shrine. Japanese Shrines - consummated with the Chosun Shrine - became the basis of Japanization policy until the independence of Chosun in 1945. These shrines became common places with the ritual of the salutation to Japanese king as a living god. This paper tried to find reasons why Chosun people worshiped the shrines including the Chosun Shrine. The final outcomes are as following Frist, to make Japanese emperor fixed as a heavenly king, the salutation to the emperor was an useful method. Japanese believed that if the king become the religious idol, Chosun people would like to follow him even at the cost of their lives. That is why Japanese founded the Chosun Shrine and made people recite the Education Edict with solemn manner. Second, in the repeatation of the process of worship the Chosun Shrine was used as a method of assimilation policy. Chosun people came to Chosun Shrine, purified their mind and body with the regulations of the temple, and worshiped in front of the idol. This ritual did not occur at one time but every holiday, for someone, everyday. This meant that the Shrine became daily places where Japanize Chosun people. Third, Japanese used schools as a crucial media to the salutation of shrine. Every morning, students recited the Education Edict and visited Chosun Shrine and saluted to the east where Japanese king lived. This meant 'making emperor's people' was done intensively in school. Consequently even superficially, students had to attend this Japanization. Without this education, social success would have been impossible.

배자와 태아에서 하악골의 형태발생 및 교원질 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

국윤아,김상철,김은철,김오환,김정기 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.2

치아 위치에 영향을 미치는 악안면의 성장 발육에서 Meckel 연골발생전 후의 하악골 형성과정과 교원 단백질 분포 및 발현정도를 알아보고자 좌고를 측정하여 태령을 결정한 후 4주부터 38주까지 50례의 배자와 태아를 대상으로 통법에 따른 조직절편을 제작하였으며 Hematoxylin과 Eosin, Alcian blue-pas와 Goldner의 Masson Trichrome 염색, 그리고 제1형과 제2형 교원 단백질에 대한 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하였다. 좌고 20.5 MM 배자에서 Meckel 연골이 출현하였으며, 좌고 22mm에서 38mm까지 하악골 외방에 신생골을 형성하고, 좌고 60mm태아에서 Meckel 연골이 점유하던 공간이 신생골로 채워져 연골내골화가 뚜렸하게 관찰되었으나, 좌고 240mm에서 Meckel 연골이 거의 소실되었다. 교원질에 대한 면역 염색결과에서 Mackel 연골 출현전 제1형 교원질 발현은 주로 상, 하악돌기의 구강상피에 국한되어 관찰되었고 제2형교원질 발현은 상대적으로 약간 적었다. Meckel 연골 출현 및 신생골 형성시기는 제1형교원질이 주로 치제상피와 신생골에서 약양성의 발현을 보였으며, Meckel 연골 및 신생골에서는 제1형보다 제2형의 교원질이 많이 발현되었다. 막내골화시기에는 제1형 교원질이 골아세포 및 골기질에서 중등도로 발현되었으나, 제2형에서는 경미하게 나타나 Meckel 연골형성전 후 제2형에서 제1형으로 발현전환이 있었다. Underlying malocclusions and dentofacial deformities are often related to variations in the craniofacial development. Type I and type Ⅱcollagens are considered the major collagens of bone and cartilage respectively. Monitoring the patterns of those protein expressions during development will provide a basis for the understanding of normal and abnormal growths. This study was undertaken to investigate the morphogenetic changes and the expression patterns of type I and Ⅱcollagen proteins involved in the developing mandible of human embryos and fetuses. 50 embryos and fetuses were studied with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Alcian blue-PAS, Masson Trichrome, and Immunohistochemical stains. The results were as follows: 1. A 13.5mm embryo showed the stomatodeum with dental lamina, maxillary and mandibular processes. Meckel's cartilage appeared in the mandibular arch of a 20.5mm embryo. New bone formation was bilaterally initiated at the outer side of middle portion of Meckel's cartilage of 22-38 mm embryos. 2. Meckel' cartilage was resorbed at the 15th week fetus. The endochondral ossification was observed where there was direct replacement of cartilage by bone. Meckel' cartilage disappeared and membraneous ossification were observed at the 25th week. 3. Before the appearance of Meckel's cartilage, the expression of type I collagen was moderate at the odontogenic epithelium of maxillary & mandibular process, but mild for the expression of type Ⅱ collagen. 4. During the appearance of Meckel's cartilage and new bone formation, the immunoactivity of type Ⅱ collagen was more expressed than type I collagen at the Meckel's cartilage and new bone. 5. During intramembranous bone formation, the expression of type Ⅱcollagen was rare in the bony trabeculae. There was a switch for the expression of collagens from type Ⅱto type I during the appearance of Meckel's cartilage.

Underlying representation in geminates: from OT perspective

Sung-Hoon Hong,Chang-Kook Suh 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1

Hong, Sung-Hoon, and Chang-Kook Suh. 2004. Underlying represen-tation in Geminates: from an OT perspective. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology. 10.1. 129.144. This research has examined the status of Underlying Representation (UR) in Optimality Theory focusing on the representation of consonant geminates. For this purpose, we have examined geminate/singleton alternation in Ponapean employing Lexicon Optimization (LO), an algorithm proposed to select a UR among multiple inputs. We have seen that simple application of LO is problematic in singling out a UR for the case of alternation. This leads us to the version of LO that is performed on the paradigms, rather than on an individual forms (Tesar and Smolensky 1996, 2000, Inkelas 1995, 1998). After a thorough implementation of LO, we have found that the URs are simply identical to the input forms; geminate UR for the alternating case and singleton UR for the nonalternating case. Further, it was shown that a unique underlying representation of geminates, regardless of their positions in which they occur, can account for the exceptional geminate behaviors. (Hansung University and Cheonan University)

특성 인식(Trait Recognition)을 통한 우리나라 은행산업의 건전성 평가

국찬표,이근경,한상일 한국금융연구원 2003 금융연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 논문은 개별은행의 건전성을 평가한 후 일정 은행군의 건전성을 평가할 수 있는 특성인식을 방법론으로 사용하여 우리니라 은행들의 건전성을 평가해 보았다. 표본 내 및 표본 외 자료를 이용한 본 논문의 실증결과에 따르면 특성모형은 미국과 유사하게 우리나라에서도 부실 및 건전은행을 적절히 구별해내며, 로짓 모형보다는 제 1종 및 2종 오류를 적절하게 조절하는 것으로 나왔다. 또한 본 논문에서 분석대상으로 설정한 변수들 가운데 자산건전성을 측정하는 지표인 X_(7)(무수익여신 비율), X_(8)(외화여신/총여신)과 수익성을 나타내는 지표인 X_(9)(순이자소득/총자산), X_(12)(영업이익/총수입), X_(13)(ROA), X_(14)(ROE)등은 은행의 도산가능성을 비교적 정확히 예측하는 변수로 나타났다. 이와 더불어 은행의 유동성을 나타내주는 지표인 X_(15)(유가증권/총자산), X_(16)(주식/총자산), X_(17)(회사채/총자산)등도 은행의 도산가능성을 정확히 예측하는 것으로 나타났으며, 은행의 생산성을 나타내주는 대표적인 지표인 X_(26)(총자산/종업원수), X_(27)(총대출/종업원수), X_(28)(총이익/종업원수)등도 은행의 건전성을 판별하는 데 유효한 변수로 나타났다. 이러한 변수에 대해서 97년 당시의 전체 20개 은행을 분류한 특성(features)을 이용해서 2003년 현재 은행의 건전도를 평가해 보았다. 이 결과 은행의 건전성이 97년보다 크게 개선된 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 외환 위기 이후 금융구조조정의 성과가 일정부분 있었던 것으로 보이며 향후 일정기간 동안 은행위기의 가능성은 낮은 것으로 판단된다. This paper seeks to ascertain the soundness of the Korean banking industry by applying an empirical method calledthe trait recognition model (TRM). We perform an empirical test with 20 banks; 10 failed banks and 10 non-failed banks. The sample is split into (1) an original sample used to build a classification model and (2) a holdout sample reserved for prediction purposes to determine the efficacy of the model. According to the empirical test, TRM identifies non-failed and failed banks relatively well, as it has done in the U.S. TRM also outperforms the logit model in terms of minimizing Type 1 (identifying a failed bank as non-failing) and TypeII( identifying a non-failed bank as failing) errors. The variables related to asset quality, profitability, and productivity predict banking failures relatively well. The variables for bank size, capital adequacy, diversification, and liability are less effective in predicting banking failures. We also evaluate the soundness of those banks that were still in operation at the end of 2002 based on variable bank features in the period of 1996-1997. We find that the soundness of most banks was relatively robust, though several banks still have problems with regard to their asset quality and profitability. Every bank is found to have maintained safe features on the variables related to productivity, which were considered most effective toward determining bank soundness. We believe this is mainly a result of improvements in productivity realized through bank restructuring and M&As.

치면세균막에서 분리한 뮤탄스 연쇄상구균 및 Streptococcus anginosus의 수종 항생제에 대한 감수성 조사

국중기,임상수,유소영,황호길 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.5

The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of mutans streptococci (S. mutans and S. sobrinus) and Streptococcus anginosus, for seven antibiotics, penicillin G, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, bacitracin, and vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seven antibiotics against 3 species (type strains) of mutans streptococci and S. anginosus, 10 strains (wild type) of S. mutans, 7 strains (wild type) of S. sobrinus, and 11 strains (wild type) of S. anginosus, were measured by broth dilution method. All of the type strains of mutans streptococci and S. anginosus had the same susceptibility for penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefuroxime and bacitracin. Type strain of S. anginosus was sensitive in ciprofloxacin, but those of mutans streptococci were not. All of the clinical isolates of mutans streptococci and S. anginosus had the same susceptibility for the seven antibiotics. Our data reveal that mutans streptococci and S. anginosus have similar antibiotic-resistant character. In addition. these results may offer the basic data to verify the antibiotic-resistant mechanism of mutans streptococci and S. anginosus.

고관절 전치환술 후 합병된 비구 컵 해리와 동반된 활액낭종 : 증례보고 Case Report

성일보,정국진,박수철,김진호,정형진,황재광,염재광,정병현,안종국 대한고관절학회 2001 Hip and Pelvis Vol.13 No.1

성장기 골격성 Ⅰ급 부정교합 환자의 정모두부방사선 계측의 특징

성상진,문윤식,김정국,정현성 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.2

악안면 기형과 부정 교합의 성공적인 교정 치료를 위하여 안모의 3차원적인 평가가 필수적이지만 교정의사는 주로 측모두부방사선사진에 기초한 진단 및 치료계획에 익숙하다. 이는 정모두부방사선사진에 관한 계측치, 악골의 폭경 성장에 관한 지식과 임상적 의의에 대하여 관심이 부족한 때문으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 골격성 I 급 부정교합으로 진단된 6세에서 16세 사이의 남자 130명과 여자 171명을 대상으로 정모두부방사선사진 상의 두개골 및 상하악골의 폭경을 계측하여, 연령과 경추골 발육지표(CVMI)에 따른 변화 양상을 알아보았다. 다항 회귀모형(polynominal regression models)과 변수선택법(method of variable selection)을 이용하여 적합한 회귀모형(regresslon model)을 각 성별에서 선택하고 이를 이용하여 연령에 따른 각 계측치의 평균 및 개별 계측치(individual measurement)의 70% 신뢰구간(confidence interval)을 추정하여 그래프로 작성하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.모든 폭경 계측치는 나이 또는 CVMI의 증가에 따라 점차 증가하였으며,6세부터 16세까지의 총변화량은 상악골 폭경보다는 하악골 폭경이 그리고 여자보다는 남자에서 더 많은 경향을 나타내었다. 2.Mx-Mn difference, Mx-Mn width differential, Mx/Mn ratio는 연령과 CVMI에 따른 남녀간의 유의차가 없었다. 3.회귀모형을 이용하여 나이에 따른 남녀 계측치의 평균 및 신뢰구간을 70%로 추정하여 상악골폭경,하악골 폭경, Mx-Mn difference, Mx/Mn ratio에 대한 그래프를 얻었다. 4.한국인의 상하악골 폭경은 성장기 동안 서양인에 비하여 큰 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과를 성장기 부정교합 환자의 폭경 성장 평가와 폭경 부조화의 진단에 이용한다면 치아 석고모형 만을 이용하는 한계를 적절히 보완할 수 있다고 생각된다 Three dimensional analysis of malocclusion and craniofacial deformation is essential for the successful orthodontic treatment. But the orthodontists are not familiar with diagnosis and treatment plane based on lateral cephalometric analysis. Since orthodontists do not posses a sufficient knowledge in standard value of posteroanterior cephalometric analysis and of clinical importance for transverse jaw growth. In this study male(n=130) and female(n=171) aged from 6 to 16 and diagnosed as Class I malocclusion were selected to analysis width of cranium, maxilla and mandible on the posteroanterior cephalogram. The changes as a function of chronologic age and cervical vertebrae maturity index(CVMI) were examined. The proper regression model was selected by sex with polynominal regression models and method of variable selection. Mean of each measurements and 70% confidence interval of individual measurement according to age was assesed and a graphs were made. Results are as follows : 1.All the measurements for the width are gradually inclesed as increase in chronologic age and CVMI. From the total amount of change between age 6 and 16, there is a tendency that mandibular width is broader than maxillary width and the width of male is broader than female. 2.There is no statistically significant sexual difference in Mx-Mn difference, Mx-Mn width differential, Mx/Mn ratio according to age and CVMI. 3.Mean of each measurement and 70% confidence interval of individual measurement according to age and sex were assessed and graphs were made for maxillary width, mandibular width, Mx-Mn difference, Mx/Mn ratio. 4.The width of maxilla and mandible in Korean children are broader than Western children during growth period.

미군정기 박물관의 교육적 의미

국성하 한국교육사학회 2003 한국교육사학 Vol.25 No.1

The intention of this dissertation is to study the educational significance of museums during the US military administration. Hereby, the following issues are in question. First, how was the procedure of reopening museum. Second, how did the museums have changed. Third, what was the educational significance of museum during this period. Outcome of research comes into the following conclusion. After the Independence, three years of the US military administration was the essential period for Korean to reestablish the identity of museums totally different from that of Japanese colonization. Under the US military administration Japanese was handing over museums to Korean smoothly. These actions allowed museums to have plenty of exhibitions - the key components to museum. At the same time, it means Japanese collection and its category have been affected to these days. During the US military adminstration, Korean museums has changed into the part of the national museum system. Newly founded museums were for injecting fresh vigor to Korean museums. Through management of museums under the national museum system, museums were to enhance its value and stature, not the museums of Chosum Governor General but Korean. In US military administration period, various activities were resumed and unfolded, contrast to the latter period of Japanese colonization. Excavation, research and education restarted as well as the reopening of the museums. These activities gave Korean intellectual chances to hand over the cultural contexts, which accumulated by leading role of Japanese intellectual. Thus, museums during the US military administration have following educational significances. First, in spite of new ownership from Japanese to Korean, the exhibitions in museums remains, the same contents and way which Japanese had collected and displayed with their own intention. Moreover, as Japanese neglected the raising of Korean museum experts on purpose, though Independence, Japanese had to help museum to collect and arrange the relics for a while. These caused a lesser attention to visitors. Second, although superficially museums was changed into the new museum system, in the reality, the organizational changes and the establishment of several new museums were the all what had happened. Most museums were extended from Japanese colonization to US military administration. These caused the negative influence : continuing the course and custom set by the Japanese colonial period. Third, nevertheless, "dynamic" could be felt outer and inner part of museums during US military administration. The establishments of new museums, the arrangement of scientific activities and the excavation of relics shows that museums did centripetal role for various activities. These could be expressed "dynamic", and are related to Korean museum development to these days.

치조골 상실에 따른 상악 치아군 저항중심의 변화에 관한 유한요소해석

성상진,김인태,국윤아,전윤식,김성훈,모성서 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.5

효과적인 교정치료계획의 수립을 위하여 치열군의 저항중심의 위치에 대한 평가는 필수적이다. 이번 연구의 목적은 상악 치열군(4전치, 6전치, 14치아)에서 치조골 손실에 따른 저항중심의 위치변화를 조사해보고자 하였다. 상악 전치열 14개 치아와 치주인대 및 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm 손실된 치조골의 3차원 유한요소 모델을 제작하였고 각 치아군(4전치, 6전치, 14치아)별로 치관부를 협측, 설측호선 및 splint wire로 고정하여 치아군 모델을 제작한 후 상악 중절치의 절단연 중점에서 연장된 splint wire에 4전치와 6전치군에는 200 g, 14치아군에는 400 g의 후방 견인력과 압하력을 적용하여 저항중심의 수직적, 수평적 위치를 분석하였다. 4전치군에서 저항중심의 수직 위치는 치조골 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm 손실에 따라 중절치의 절단연에서 치근방향 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm, 수평 위치는 후방 12 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 6전치군에서는 치근방향 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15.5 mm, 후방 14 mm, 14 mm, 14.5 mm, 14치아군에서는 치근방향 11 mm, 13 mm, 14.5 mm, 후방 26.5 mm, 27 mm, 25.5 mm에 위치하였다. 모든 치아군에서 저항중심은 치조골 손실에 따라 치근첨 방향으로 이동하였으나, 치조정과의 거리는 가까워졌고, 4전치군과 6전치군에서 저항중심은 치조골 손실에 따라 후방으로 이동하였으나, 14치아군에서는 치조골 2 mm 손실 시에는 후방으로 이동하였으나, 4 mm 손실 시에는 전방으로 이동하였다. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the center of resistance of the maxillary teeth in relation to alveolar bone loss. Methods: A finite element model, which included the upper dentition and periodontal ligament, was designed according to the amount of bone loss (0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm). The teeth in each group were fixed with buccal and lingual arch wires and splint wires. Retraction and intrusion forces of 200 g for 4 and 6 anterior teeth groups and 400 g for the full dentition group were applied. Results: The centers of resistance were at 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm apical and 12 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm posterior in the 4 incisor group; 13.5 mm, 14.5 mm, 15 mm apical and 14 mm, 14 mm, 14.5 mm posterior in the 6 anterior teeth group; and 11 mm, 13 mm, 14.5 mm apical and 26.5 mm, 27 mm, 25.5 mm posterior in the full dentition group respectively according to 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm bone loss. Conclusions: The center of resistance shifted apically and posteriorly as alveolar bone loss increased in 4 and 6 anterior teeth groups. However, in the full dentition group, the center of resistance shifted apically and anteriorly in the 4 mm bone loss model.

體力의 發達 : 靑年期를 中心으로

金承國 단국대학교 1972 論文集 Vol.6 No.-