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Sundaray, S. K.,Nayak, B. B.,Lee, B. G.,Bhatta, D. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Environmental Earth Sciences Vol.71 No.4
Dynamics of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Mahanadi river estuarine system were studied for three different seasons. This study demonstrates that the relative abundance of these metals follows in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni a parts per thousand yen Co > Cu > Cd. The spatial pattern of heavy metals supported by enrichment ratio data, suggests their anthropogenic sources possibly from various industrial wastes and municipal wastes as well as agricultural runoff. The metal concentrations in estuarine sediments are relatively higher than in the river due to adsorption/accumulation of metals on sediments during saline mixing, while there is a decreasing trend of heavy metal concentrations towards the marine side. The temporal variations for metals, such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb exhibit higher values during monsoon season, which are related to agricultural runoff. Higher elemental concentrations are observed during pre-monsoon season for these above metals (except Ni) at the polluted stations and for metals, such as Cr, Co and Cd at all sites, which demonstrate the intensity of anthropogenic contribution. R-mode factor analysis reveals that 'Fe-Mn oxy hydroxide', 'organic matter', 'CaCO3', and 'textural variables' factors are the major controlling geochemical factors for the enrichment of heavy metals in river estuarine sediment and their seasonal variations, though their intensities were different for different seasons. The relationships among the stations are highlighted by cluster analysis, represented in dendrograms to categorize different contributing sites for the enrichment of heavy metals in the river estuarine system.
Irfan Ahmad Bhat,Rupam Sharma,Mohd Ashraf Rather,Pravesh Kumar Rathor,P. Gireesh‑Babu,Mukunda Goswami,J. K. Sundaray 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.9
The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) plays a key role in transferring cholesterol across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this study, the StAR gene was isolated from the gonads of Clarias batrachus. The gene has an open reading frame of 857 bp and encodes 285 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 32 kDa. The signalP analysis predicted that StAR would be a non-secreted protein that lacks a signal peptide. The subcellular localization demonstrated that the presence of the StAR protein was higher in mitochondria (41.8%), followed by the nuclear region (37.1%) and cytoplasm (11.1%). The StAR protein was found to interact highly with cyp11a1, followed by the cytochrome P450 family 11 proteins and the START5 domain. The homology modelling revealed that the protein has 4 helices and twisted U-shaped 10 beta sheets numbered from αA to αD and β1 to β10, respectively. Molecular modelling analysis showed that resveratrol and eurycomanone has high binding affinity with the StAR protein. The C. batrachus StAR transcript was found to be expressed exclusively in the gonads, kidney, and liver. These results overall lay a solid foundation for understanding the structure of StAR protein in fish. The identification of 3D structures and binding sites will help in designing a structure-based drug of StAR agonists for the treatment of impaired steroidogenesis.
Hirak K. Barman,Vemulawada Chakrapani,Swagat K. Patra,Shibani D. Mohapatra,Kiran D. Rasal,Uday Deshpande,Swapnarani Nayak,Jitendra K. Sundaray,Pallipuram Jayasankar 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.11
The high-throughput sequencing technology provides a platform for revealing the expressed genes within a tissue at a specific time. The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an economically important species, which is surviving in a wide-range of salinity. In this study, to understand the physiological mechanism of adaptability with respect to moulting and salinity; transcriptome sequencing of larvae and post-larvae of M. rosenbergii was performed using the Illumina GAIIx platform. The generated raw read-data comprised 71,391,946 and 75,276,622 paired-end reads (PE) for larvae and post-larvae respectively. Using CLC bio Genomic Workbench version 7.5 (CGWB), 71.39 million and 75.27 million of each 72 base paired-end, high quality reads were assembled into 43,383 (N50 1852) and 44,960 (N50 1874) transcripts, respectively, for larvae and post-larvae. The nucleotide level annotation of both transcriptomes showed significant similarity with unigenes of closely related species. The Gene Ontology analysis suggested enrichment of transcripts involving several biological processes linked to transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, immune response, ion-binding. Differential gene expression analysis using CGWB and DESeq identified 9680 deregulated genes of which 3454 unigenes were up-regulated and 3068 down-regulated by C1.5 fold (p\0.05) in larval stage compared to post-larval stage. However, in larval stage 938 genes were down regulated and 1599 genes up-regulated by C3 fold with p\0.05. GO enrichment of differentially expressed genes was shown several molecular functions for maintaining homeostasis against salinity stress. To validate the expression patterns, few transcripts were chosen for quantitative real-time PCR that showed the consistency and exactness of our analysis. In addition, we also speculated the enzymatic pathway using KEGG, which depicted that up-regulated genes are involved in several significant metabolic pathways and those are critical for maintaining osmoregulation and linked with metamorphosis. Therefore, we have generated valuable information of salinity tolerant genes in the larval and post larval stage of M. rosenbergii during salt- and freshwater compliances, which will be further harnessed for gene targeting. The present finding would provide the basis for further screening of salt tolerant genes associated markers for selective breeding.