Genetic and molecular regulation of flower pigmentation in soybean

Sundaramoorthy, Jagadeesh,Park, Gyu Tae,Lee, Jeong-Dong,Kim, Jeong Hoe,Seo, Hak Soo,Song, Jong Tae The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.4

Flower color is one of the key traits, which has been widely considered for genetic studies on soybean. A variety of flower colors, such as dark purple, purple, purple blue, purple throat, magenta, pink, near white, and white, has been identified in cultivated soybean (Glycine max). Out of the 19,649 soybean accessions deposited in the United States Department of Agriculture-Germplasm Resources Information Network database, 67 % have purple flowers, 32 % have white flowers, and merely 1 % have flowers with different colors. In contrast, almost all accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja) have only purple flowers. Flavonoids, mainly anthocyanins, are the most common pigments contributing to flower coloration in soybean. In the recent decades, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway for anthocyanins has been well established, and some of the genes controlling flower color in soybean have been identified and characterized. Flower pigmentation of soybean is mainly controlled by six independent loci (W1, W2, W3, W4, Wm, and Wp) along with the combination of various other factors such as anthocyanin structure, vacuolar pH, and co-pigments. In this review, we summarize the current status of genetic and molecular regulation of flower pigmentation in cultivated and wild varieties of soybean.

Clinical, Cytogenetic and CYP1A1 exon-1 Gene Mutation Analysis of Beedi Workers in Vellore Region, Tamil Nadu

Sundaramoorthy, Rajiv,Srinivasan, Vasanth,Gujar, Jidnyasa,Sen, Ayantika,Sekar, Nishu,Abilash, Valsala Gopalakrishnan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Background: Beedi rollers are exposed to unburnt tobacco dust through cutaneous and pharyngeal route and it is extremely harmful to the body since it is carcinogenic in nature and can cause cancer during long exposure. This indicates that occupational exposure to tobacco imposes considerable genotoxicity among beedi workers. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 27 beedi workers and age and sex matched controls were enrolled for clinical, cytogenetics and molecular analysis. Clinical features were recorded. The workers were in the age group of 28-67 years and were workers exposure from 8-60 years. Blood samples were collected from workers and control subjects and lymphocyte cultures were carried out by using standard technique, slides were prepared and 50 metaphases were scored for each sample to find the chromosomal abnormalities. For molecular analysis the genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, to screen the variations in gene, the exon 1 of CYP1A1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then screened with Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in exposed groups when compared to the respective controls and variations observed in Exon 1 of CYP1A1(Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) gene. Conclusions: This study shows that, the toxicants present in the beedi that enter into human body causes disturbance to normal state and behavior of the chromosomes which results in reshuffling of hereditary material causing chromosomal aberrations and genomic variations.

Buckling and vibration of rectangular plates of variable thickness with different end conditions by finite difference technique

Sundaramoorthy Rajasekaran,Antony John Wilson 국제구조공학회 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.46 No.2

This paper is concerned with the determination of exact buckling loads and vibration frequencies of variable thickness isotropic plates using well known finite difference technique. The plates are subjected to uni, biaxial compression and shear loadings and various combinations of boundary conditions are considered. The buckling load is found out as the in plane load that makes the determinant of the stiffness matrix equal to zero and the natural frequencies are found out by carrying out eigenvalue analysis of stiffness and mass matrices. New and exact results are given for many cases and the results are in close agreement with the published results. In this paper, like finite element method, finite difference method is applied in a very simple manner and the application of boundary conditions is also automatic.

Validation of APACHE II scoring system at 24 hours after admission as a prognostic tool in urosepsis: A prospective observational study

Sundaramoorthy VijayGanapathy,VIlvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan,Jayaram Sreenivas,Ashwin Mallya,Ramaiah Keshavamurthy 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.6

Purpose: Urosepsis implies clinically evident severe infection of urinary tract with features of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). We validate the role of a single Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score at 24 hours after admission in predicting mortality in urosepsis. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was done in 178 patients admitted with urosepsis in the Department of Urology, in a tertiary care institute from January 2015 to August 2016. Patients >18 years diagnosed as urosepsis using SIRS criteria with positive urine or blood culture for bacteria were included. At 24 hours after admission to intensive care unit, APACHE II score was calculated using 12 physiological variables, age and chronic health. Results: Mean±standard deviation (SD) APACHE II score was 26.03±7.03. It was 24.31±6.48 in survivors and 32.39±5.09 in those expired (p<0.001). Among patients undergoing surgery, mean±SD score was higher (30.74±4.85) than among survivors (24.30±6.54) (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed area under curve (AUC) of 0.825 with cutoff 25.5 being 94.7% sensitive and 56.4% specific to predict mortality. Mean±SD score in those undergoing surgery was 25.22±6.70 and was lesser than those who did not undergo surgery (28.44±7.49) (p=0.007). ROC analysis revealed AUC of 0.760 with cutoff 25.5 being 94.7% sensitive and 45.6% specific to predict mortality even after surgery. Conclusions: A single APACHE II score assessed at 24 hours after admission was able to predict morbidity, mortality, need for surgical intervention, length of hospitalization, treatment success and outcome in urosepsis patients.

Buckling and vibration of rectangular plates of variable thickness with different end conditions by finite difference technique

Rajasekaran, Sundaramoorthy,Wilson, Antony John Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.46 No.2

This paper is concerned with the determination of exact buckling loads and vibration frequencies of variable thickness isotropic plates using well known finite difference technique. The plates are subjected to uni, biaxial compression and shear loadings and various combinations of boundary conditions are considered. The buckling load is found out as the in plane load that makes the determinant of the stiffness matrix equal to zero and the natural frequencies are found out by carrying out eigenvalue analysis of stiffness and mass matrices. New and exact results are given for many cases and the results are in close agreement with the published results. In this paper, like finite element method, finite difference method is applied in a very simple manner and the application of boundary conditions is also automatic.

Isolation of soybean mutants with high and low inorganic phosphorus

( Jagadeesh Sundaramoorthy ),( Yean Joo Seo ),( Gyu Tae Park ),( Jeong-dong Lee ),( Soon-ki Park ),( Hak Soo Seo ),( Jong Tae Song ) 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.59 No.3

In soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds, phosphorus (P) is primarily stored in the form of phytate, which is generally indigestible by monogastric animals such as human, pig, poultry, and fish. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate soybean mutants with high available P. Inorganic P content was assessed in a total of 1,266 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) M4 lines from the Pungsannamul cultivar. Among the tested lines, four EMS lines (PE379, PE432, PE2205, and PE2503) showed higher mean inorganic P (1.21-1.56 g kg-1) than did the Pungsannamul cultivar (0.90 g kg-1). Additionally, six EMS lines (PE718, PE828, PE1466, PE1552, PE3378, and PE3386) showed lower mean inorganic P (0.38-0.60 g kg-1). The high inorganic P mutants isolated in this study will be further investigated for phytate and total P levels. Moreover, the high and low inorganic P lines will be utilized in a future study of the biochemical pathway of phytate.

Screening for the 3' UTR Polymorphism of the PXR Gene in South Indian Breast Cancer Patients and its Potential role in Pharmacogenomics

Revathidevi, Sundaramoorthy,Sudesh, Ravi,Vaishnavi, Varadharajan,Kaliyanasundaram, Muthukrishnan,MaryHelen, Kilyara George,Sukanya, Ganesan,Munirajan, Arasambattu Kannan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.8

Background: Breast cancer, the commonest cancer among women in the world, ranks top in India with an incidence rate of 1,45,000 new cases and mortality rate of 70,000 women every year. Chemotherapy outcome for breast cancer is hampered due to poor response and irreversible dose-dependent cardiotoxicity which is determined by genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, induces expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters leading to regulation of xenobiotic metabolism. Materials and Methods: A genomic region spanning PXR 3' UTR was amplified and sequenced using genomic DNA isolated from 96 South Indian breast cancer patients. Genetic variants observed in our study subjects were queried in miRSNP to establish SNPs that alter miRNA binding sites in PXR 3' UTR. In addition, enrichment analysis was carried out to understand the network of miRNAs and PXR in drug metabolism using DIANA miRpath and miRwalk pathway prediction tools. Results: In this study, we identified SNPs rs3732359, rs3732360, rs1054190, rs1054191 and rs6438550 in the PXR 3; UTR region. The SNPs rs3732360, rs1054190 and rs1054191 were located in the binding site of miR-500a-3p, miR-532-3p and miR-374a-3p resulting in the altered PXR level due to the deregulation of post-transcriptional control and this leads to poor treatment response and toxicity. Conclusions: Genetic variants identified in PXR 3' UTR and their effects on PXR levels through post-transcriptional regulation provide a genetic basis for interindividual variability in treatment response and toxicity associated with chemotherapy.

Identification and characterization of the novel gene encoding a protein responsible for biosynthesis of DDMP saponin in soybean

Jagadeesh Sundaramoorthy,Gyu Tae Park,Sajeesh Kappachery,Jeong-Dong Lee,Hak Soo Seo,Jong Tae Song 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds are abundant in high-quality proteins and fats. In addition, soybean seeds are also rich in secondary metabolites, such as isoflavones, lecithin, and saponins. Triterpene saponins are major components of these physiologically active metabolites in soybean seeds. Soybean saponins are classified as group A and DDMP saponins. Among them group A saponins are undesirable component of food products due to bitterness and astringency and also cause foaming in tofu production. Whereas, DDMP saponins and their derivatives are less bitter and astringent and beneficial to human health when consumed as regular diet. Therefore, reducing the group A saponins or increasing the DDMP saponins are required to improve the food quality. The present study focused to identify and characterize the gene which is encoding a protein responsible for biosynthesis of DDMP saponins. EMS mutant lines (sg-7-1 & sg-7-2) which lack DDMP saponins were developed. The breeding cross has been made with these two mutants with two cultivars, Pungsannamul and Wooram to study the segregation and genetic linkage analysis, respectively. The segregation analysis showed that the mutant phenotype is controlled by single recessive gene. TLC analysis for phenotyping F2 population of Wooram X sg-7-1 showed mutant, wild and heterozygous types. To surprise two more patterns were detected and they were named as strange type1 (ST1) and strange type2 (ST2). Further, SSR marker analysis will be carried out to locate the gene which encoding a protein responsible for biosynthesis of DDMP saponins.

Genetic and molecular regulation of flower pigmentation in soybean

Jagadeesh Sundaramoorthy,박규태,이정동,김정회,서학수,송종태 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.4

Flower color is one of the key traits, which has been widely considered for genetic studies on soybean. A variety of flower colors, such as dark purple, purple, purple blue, purple throat, magenta, pink, near white, and white, has been identified in cultivated soybean (Glycine max). Out of the 19,649 soybean accessions deposited in the United States Department of Agriculture-Germplasm Resources Information Network database, 67 % have purple flowers, 32 % have white flowers, and merely 1 % have flowers with different colors. In contrast, almost all accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja) have only purple flowers. Flavonoids, mainly anthocyanins, are the most common pigments contributing to flower coloration in soybean. In the recent decades, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway for anthocyanins has been well established, and some of the genes controlling flower color in soybean have been identified and characterized. Flower pigmentation of soybean is mainly controlled by six independent loci (W1, W2, W3, W4, Wm, and Wp) along with the combination of various other factors such as anthocyanin structure, vacuolar pH, and co-pigments. In this review, we summarize the current status of genetic and molecular regulation of flower pigmentation in cultivated and wild varieties of soybean.

Analysis and Implementation of Two Phase Flux Reversal Free Doubly Salient Machine

Prabhu Sundaramoorthy,Balaji Mahadevan 한국자기학회 2018 Journal of Magnetics Vol.23 No.3

The major factors that limit the application prospects of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) include torque ripple, noise and vibration. The main reason attributed to these drawbacks is the nature of flux linkage variation in accordance with rotor position. In this aspect this work analyses the effect of embedding permanent magnets in the stator and the impact of their orientation on the flux linkage characteristics and hence on the performance of the motor. In addition the effect of lamination material on the characteristics of the motor is analysed. The materials considered include M850-65A, M-19, M-43, Pure Soft Iron, and M800-50D. This paper proposes, the optimization of Permanent Magnet Flux Reversal Free Switched Reluctance Motor (PMFRFSRM) through the orientation of permanent magnets and choice of suitable laminating materials to improve the performance characteristics of the motor. The analysis is performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based package MagNet and the results are validated with hardware prototype.