Near-Infrared Spectral Characteristics in Presence of Sun Glint Using CASI-1500 Data in Shallow Waters

( Joo Young Jeon ),( Sun Hwa Kim ),( Chan Su Yang ) 대한원격탐사학회 2015 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Sun glint correction methods of hyperspectral data that have been developed so far have not considered the various situations and are often adequate for only certain conditions. Also there is an inaccurate assumption that the signal in NIR wavelength is zero. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the NIR spectral properties of sun glint effect in coastal waters. For the analysis, CASI-1500 airborne hyperspectral data, bathymetry data and in-situ data obtained at coastal area near Sin-Cheon, Jeju Island, South Korea were used. The spectral characteristics of radiance and reflectance at the five NIR wavelengths (744 nm, 758 nm, 772 nm, 786 nm, and 801 nm) are analyzed by using various statistics, spatial and spectral variation of sun-glinted area under conditions of the bottom types of benthos, barren rocks and sand with similar water depth. Through the quantitative analysis, we found that the relation of water depth or bottom type with sun glint is relatively less which is a similar result with the previous studies. However the sun glint are distributed similarly with the patterns of the direction of wave propagation. It is confirmed that the areas with changed direction of wave propagation were not affected by the sun glint. The spatial and spectral variations of radiance and reflectance are mainly caused by the effect of sun glint and waves. The radiance or reflectance of more sun-glinted areas are increased approximately 1.5 times and the standard deviations are also increased three times compared to the less sun glinted areas. Through this study, the further studies of sun glint correction method in coastal water using the patterns of wave propagation and diffraction will be placed.

이영순론 - 『 연희고지 』 와 『 지령 』 을 중심으로

문선영 ( Sun Young Moon ) 문창어문학회 2001 문창어문논집 Vol.38 No.-

This Study seeks to manifest the literary realities and meanings of long poems written in 1950s, focusing on the long poems of Lee, Young-Soon. The summary of this study can be shown as the followings. First, the reality recognition of poems written in wartime 1950s can be centered on the historic reality, namely the Korean War and the racial division. In thess situations, the poet Lee, Young-Soon who participated in the Korea war dominates a great position. He was a 'soldier poet', and described the historic situations with the epic-centered poetic techniques. His long poems, Yeon-Hee-Go-Jee and Jee-Ryung, were the products of wartime period. The wartime 1950s was so urgent durations that the condition of composing long poems couldn`t be mature. Nevertheless, long poems were composed at that time, and this was the starting point of this study. Second, Yeon-Hee-Go-Jee is the collection of war experience, and consists of 474 lines. This long poetry advocates the victory consciousness and manifests anti-communism ideology. Jee-Ryung is also the collection of situation poems describing wartime experience. In this poetry, Lee, Young-Soon introduces colloquial expressions and exquisite fictions more frequently than previous poems. Third, the long poems of Lee, Young-Soon written in the war times are composed of oral strategies. The fact that the tense of representation methods consists of the present(not the past) is also the intention of the poet. And through the subjectivity and the tense, readers can understand the vivid historic reality profoundly. This endows him with the reputable position among wartime poets. In short, the advantage of Lee, Young-Soon`s long poems is that he expresses wartime realities adequately without using distortion and exaggeration. The wartime long poems of Lee, Young-Soon unveil the two tendencies of wartime poems at the same time. By describing the urgent situation of wartime experience, the poet reveals the tendency of objective poems which show the hostile feeling for the enemy and promote the victory consciousness and the anti-communism ideology. Additionally, he represents the tragic aspects of war and humanism. It is natural that in Lee, Young-Soon`s poems the former tendency should prevail, but the inner consciousness of him appears vividly through the direct war experience. This aspect has literary meanings in that this shows the sense of Korean War by means of the phenomenal dimension and sympathetic recognition method.

서영은 소설의 마조히즘 연구 : 「먼 그대」를 중심으로

진선영 이화여자대학교 2005 이화어문논집 Vol.23 No.-

This thesis proves masochism in the art aspect could be a dynamic power to get over and critique a materialistic and impure world which oppress individual, and it is most likely imaged as overturn writing through Seo Young-en's Story. In the real world of suffering and trial there is hopelessness and loneliness. We can sustain both virtue's of patience and affirmation through bravery and transcendence through Seo Young-en's Masochism is not to escape but to fight against it all. The Masochism in Seo Young-en's story is the power to withstand this real world. Therefore, Seo Young-en's Masochism deepens a solitude because of the coldness against sensual pleasures. And there is criticism, challenge, and sublimation inside. Seo Young-en writes about the women-herself existence and resistance strategy by enlarging self-conscious challenges through patience and not to revenge about the world. In a disguised women outward appearance, it may seem like means of a woman independence following with sexual method to protect herself. However, Seo Young-en's heroins who protect themselves and make desire under the sexual oppression. With this reason, the challenge is not agile or easy. She resembles a warrior fighting bravely against her own destiny. Seo Young-en's writing style, ""crying in the heart, smiling on the face"", is deceiving all people included her colleagues, that is, get out of the real world, but says the truth, and seems like agreeable, but offers a desperately resistance. This point tells us Seo Young-en's novel is the double-faced text looked on both excessively conservative and radical. Seo Young-en's writing through the masochism esthetic finally shows the mainstream of the woman writing which is not passively and dependably escapable masochism but tolerate and making up the independence oneself. This discovery is revaluation about writer Seo Young-en and should be comprehended the recovery about the masochism which was known as supplementary configuration of the Sadism.

A survey of knowledge and behavior regarding skin cancer.

( Young Bin Shin ),( Jeong Won Jo ),( Hae Bong Jeong ),( Yun Sun Moon ),( Do Seon Jeong ),( Chi Yeon Kim ),( Tae Jin Yoon ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: The recognition of prevention and early detection of skin cancer has been increased more than before. Although skin cancer is not rare, most patients are little known about general awareness of skin cancer. Objectives: In this study, we survey the awareness and knowledge of skin cancer and sun protection behavior among South-Gyeongnam province. Methods: We reviewed a written questionnaire and patients’ self-checked records including patients’ basic medical information and knowledge of skin cancer protective modalities. Results: In total 284 subjects (94.7%(284/300), 67%(190/284) females, mean age 57.4 years) completed the survey. Most people (77.5%, 220/284) knew that the sun was most dangerous for their skin but relatively large portion of them (42.7%, 94/220) had no action to protective attitude like sun screen, large hat and gloves. Conclusion: The results show that many participants had known necessity of skin cancer prevention and importance of early detection, but didn’t have had any protective action. Therefore, a more effective skin cancer education and prevention program is needed. We suggest that the measurement of effects of a multimodal educational intervention on knowledge of sun protection practices and engagement in self sun-protection behaviors also need to be check.

Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)

황새기의 저장 및 가공中의 제2급 Amine의 변화

金仙英 群山大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In this study, trimethylamine oxide, trimethylamine and dimethylamine contents of sun dried and cold storage salted samples of Codlichlhys fragilis were analyzed and quantitatively compared. 1. In pH, free amino nitrogen and VBN, fresh degree was decreased sun dried salted samples than cold storage salted samples. 2. TMAO contents remained in sun dried salted samples were relatively lower than cold storage salted samples. 3. TMA contents gradually increased with the decrease of TMAO, and sun dried salted samples were relatively higher than cold storage salted samples. 4. DMA contents gradually increased with the decrease of TMA, and sun dried salted samples were relatively higher than cold storage salted samples. The results suggested that DMA contests increased correlatively with the TMA contents whereas TMAO contents inversely decreased. TMA and DMA contents of sun dried salted samples were relatively higher than cold storage salted samples.

한국전쟁기 김말봉 소설의 이데올로기 연구 -< 별들의 고향 >을 중심으로-

진선영 ( Sun Young Jin ) 겨레어문학회 2015 겨레어문학 Vol.55 No.-

본고는 김말봉의 소설 < 별들의 고향 >을 대상으로 한국전쟁기에 발표된 해방-전쟁 체험문학으로서 가치와 김말봉 소설을 통시적으로 연구하기 위한 단초를 마련하고자 하였다. <별들의 고향>은 1947년 크리스마스를 이틀 앞둔 날로부터 시작하여 대한민국 정부 수립의 과정, 한국전쟁, 피난 등 한국 역사상 가장 비극적인 4년을 기록하고 있다. 처절한 역사의 소용돌이에서 작중인물이 겪는 삶의 부침은 역사적 사건 뒤에 숨겨진 혼란한 이면들에 대한 문학적 반영이다. 작가는 역사적 사실로서 ‘전체주의’(공산주의)와 ‘자유주의’(민주주의)를 이항 대립적으로 서사화하면서 반공주의를 당위적 가치로서 선언하고 있다. 우익의 자유주의, 민족주의적 색채를 표면화하기보다 좌익의 ‘악’,‘추’, ‘부정’적 요소를 전면화하여 당위적으로 제시되는 인과응보적 결말은 이데올로기의 교훈성을 강제하며 자유민주주의/반공주의를 수호하고자 했던 작가 김말봉의 사상의 민낯을 드러낸다. 반도대학 정치과의 최창열은 스스로를 초인으로 자처하였기에 송난,연심과의 애정 관계에서 심한 마음의 부침을 겪고 신을 모독하고 부정한다. 하지만 이러한 반항의 과정은 두 번의 탈피(연심의 죽음을 통한 육체적 탈피, 송난의 애정갈등을 통한 정신적 탈피)를 통해 자기 부정의 과정을 거치면서 자연스럽게 하느님과 김영숙에게 인도되는 필연적 과정으로 그려진다. 이론과 간접 경험으로만 하나님을 영접한 창열에게 한국전쟁은 하나님을 권능을 생 체험하게 되는 종교적 계기가 된다. 신의 사도들에게 한국전쟁은 신을 불신하는 계기가 아니라 오히려 기도를 배우고 신을 경험하게 되는 계기가 되었다. 이 작품의 주제의식은 결말에 이르러 ‘별’을 통해 상징화된다. 공산주의에 대항하여 끝까지 자유민주주의/반공주의를 선택한 사람들의 영혼으로서의 별은 이데올로기적 투사물이며, 암흑의 시대에 고향을 지키는 수호와 안내의 상징으로서 별은 종교적 투사물이다. 두 개의 주제의식은 변별적으로 제시되는 것이 아니라 반공주의=기독교주의=가족주의가 동항을 이루고 공산주의=반기독교주의=반가족주의가 대립적으로 위치하면서 선과 악의 이항대립적 관계를 형성한다. 작가는 반공이데올로기를 비롯한 정치적 강령이 삼투된 기독교주의를 절대적 우위를 놓고 있는데 이러한 우익 편향의 시대인식은 김말봉의 해방이후 작품세계를 지배하는 절대적 가치로 군림한다. This study evaluates war-experienced literature which is released in Korean War, Kim, Mal-bong``s noble < Homeland of Star >, and begins to study Kim, Mal-bong``s story with diachronic change. Writer makes a narrative by mutual oppositively between communism and democratic, and testimonies liberal democracy as a natural value. Fictionalizing of historical incident faces crisis when a ``goodwill(liberal democracy)`` in poor exposed to coercive and strong ``evil(communism)``. Evil``s temporary victory and goodwill``s reserves are related to return of stronger goodwill and evil``s extermination, and good will``s one-sided victory is realized naturally as a punitive justice at last. Choi, Chang-yeol, political science of Bando college, named himself as a superman. That is the reason why he has been tortured by the relationships with Song nan and Yeon sim, and he violates the sanctity and denies. But, this kind of reaction describes to guide to the God and Kim, young-sook smoothly via self-denial steps through twice breaks(physical break through the death of Youn sim and mental break through Song nan``s love affair). For Chang-yeol who receive the God with a theory and secondary experiences, Korean War is a religiously momentum to experience the God``s power. For messengers of the God, Korean War is the chance to learn a pray and not to disbelief the God but to experience the God. They became messengers to deliver a God``s message that they``ve experienced from human being with a desire. As a appropriate value, liberal democracy and christianity show compressively < Homeland of Star >``s sense of subject, writer``s sense of history, and his world of writing works. At the last part of the story, a star that Chang-yeol, Young-sook, Young-joo, and Deuk-soon watch together is a symbol to prove these two values literally and religiously. A star that is identified a ghost of dead people who worked for value of liberal democracy expresses a virtue of justice, order, and freedom. Now, Chang-yeol, Young-sook, Young-joo, and Deuk-soon will illuminate splendid light to human world as a messenger of the God and will open at dawn to stimulate hope and courage with other stars that will be risen up afterwards.

황순원 소설의 상징에 나타난 생태학적 관점

최선영(Choi, Sun-young) 문학과환경학회 2015 문학과 환경 Vol.14 No.3

Novel named “Trees standing on the slope” was written by novelist Hwang Sun-won after the 1960s that belonged to latter half period of Hwang"s novel works. Before the 1960s, Hwang"s novel works described fragments of human world that expressed not only conciliation but also warm humanity, while after the 1960s, his works reflected realities of the society to investigate the society deeply. However, evaluation and rhetoric of his works came from his works at initial times. However, the novel works made change at quality level to a certain degree considering geopolitical factors more than Hwang Sun-won"s works in previous times did. Novel of “Trees standing on the slope” that belonged to novel of latter half period of Hwang Sun-won had different characters and symbols than those of other novels of Hwang had. This study criticized analysis upon characters focused on humanism to find out values from various kinds of points and to interpret Hwang"s point of view of the world at “Trees standing on the slope”. Sukee"s path could be interpreted to be motherhood of reconciliation and embracement from point of view of humanism that Hwang Sun-won adhered to. Such a thought could be criticism in the 1950s that was abstract and absolute humanism. And, mythified violence of motherhood was thought to be reinforced. In this study, ‘pruning’ of Chapter II interpreted value of dualism to investigate Sukee and her pregnancy from point of view of not common value but multiple values. Men could get new fruit after pruning of trees or could not. Suggestion of possibility of fruit was not thought to give optimistic prospect. On the contrary, focus on pruning was likely to finish end. Of course, the novelist gave an alternative for not only destruction but also construction in his novel work that could not be practical way of before and after realities. Value of individuals could not be judged from point of view of humanism behavior to overcome cruelty of war experience and to recover humanism. The ideology of humanism for affirmative and optimistic future of pains of post-war generation in the history was rather abstract and ideological. Hwang Sun-won deeply investigated by symbols and characters. For instance, an woman named Sukee was thought to be new character who overcame the limitation to be made by the novelist. The study investigated the work carefully to have viewpoint of current times. Study on Hwang Sun-won"s novel was not rescue of completed world but cognition on new realities with possibility of incompleteness to create characters and to interpret in various ways.

젊은 성인에서 흡연에 의한 상완동맥 내피기능의 부전에 관한 연구

이상철,권영주,방덕원,이선해,이보영,김지욱,김영훈,온영근,현민수,김성구 순천향의학연구소 2002 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.8 No.1

Background and Objectives : Cigarette smoking is a major factor and the most modifiable risk factor for atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherosclerosis, before the structural change of the systemic arteries. We hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction might be present in the systemic arteries of young adult smokers and that this might be dose-dependent phenomenon. Therefore, we try to certify that smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy young adults without other risk factor of atherosclerosis. Subjects and Methods : we studied noninvasively 29 subjects aged 3 to 4 decades without other risk factor of atherosclerosis, they were composed of the two groups, current smokers(n=15) and nonsmokers(n=14). Smoking history varied from 3 to 20 pack years. Using high-resolution ultrasound, vessel diameter and mean flow rate were measured at rest, during reactive hyperemia(with flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation), and after sublingual nitroglycerin(NG-induced endothelium-independent vasodilation). Result : Flow mediated endothelium dependent dilation was observed in the control subjects (9.4±3.44%) but was impaired in the smokers(5.8±2.51%)(p=0.004). NG-induced endothelium independent dilation is no difference in all subjects. Conclusion : Cigarette smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy young adults.

노년기 주관적 연령과 건강노화와의 관계: 연령집단별 분석

최은영 ( Choi Eun Young ),조성은 ( Cho Sung Eun ),오영삼 ( Oh Young Sam ),장희수 ( Chang Hee Su ),김영선 ( Kim Young Sun ) 한국보건사회연구원 2017 保健社會硏究 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 노년기 주관적 연령(스스로를 노인 혹은 비(非)노인으로 인지하는지 여부)과 건강노화와의 관계를 연령집단에 따라 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2014년 노인실태조사 대상자 중 연소노인(65~74세)과 고령노인(75~84세)을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 연구의 주목적인 주관적 연령과 건강노화 간의 관련성을 검증하기 위해 연소노인 및 고령노인 집단별로 다중회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 주관적 연령과 건강노화의 관계는 연령집단별로 다른 양상을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 연소노인에서 주관적 연령이 비(非)노인인 경우, 높은 수준의 인지기능과 적은 만성질환 수, 낮은 수준의 우울, 그리고 높은 수준의 사회활동 참여를 보이는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 반면, 고령노인인 경우 주관적 연령은 인지기능을 제외하고 건강노화의 다른 세 요소와 유의미한 관련이 없었다. 본 연구는 주관적 연령을 건강노화의 새로운 고려요소로 제시하여, 두 요소의 관련성을 통합적인 차원에서 살펴보았다는 의의가 있다. 또한 노인을 연령대에 따라 구별된 집단으로 살펴봄으로써, 주관적 연령과 건강노화의 연관성이 연령집단마다 상이한 양상을 보임을 밝혔다는 의의를 가진다. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between subjective age (whether one subjectively perceives himself as `the elderly` or `not the elderly`) and healthy aging. Using data from the 2014 National Elderly Survey (KIHASA), this study selected a total of 9,653 participants consisting of young-olds (aged 65-74) and old-olds (aged 75-84) For both the young-old and the old-old, multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the research model. In the young-old population, one`s considering oneself as “non-elderly” was significantly associated with higher cognitive functioning, fewer chronic diseases, lower depressive symptoms, and higher level of social engagement. On the other hand, in the old-old population, one`s considering oneself as “non-elderly” was associated only with higher cognitive functioning, and not with the other domains of healthy aging. The findings suggest that subjective age can be considered as an important predictors of older adults` healthy aging. These findings indicate that the association between subjective age and healthy aging has a different pattern depending on the age group.