Development of AI Education Program on Natural Language Processing

Lim,Saeyi(Saeyi Lim),Han,Sun Kwan(Sun Kwan Han) 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2022 교육논총 Vol.42 No.-

The purpose of this study is to design and develop an education program about natural language processing (NLP) in the school curriculum, understand, experience, and utilize the concept of natural language processing, and considers related ethical issues. Though NLP is a major learning component of artificial intelligence (AI) education, few educational programs have been researched about NLP education. Accordingly, the development direction of the NLP education program was set by analyzing the relevant literature, curriculum, and textbook contents, and the results of expert validity analysis were reviewed. According to the reviewed development direction, the 22nd session of education programs and materials was developed. As a result of expert validity analysis, the educational program’s content validity was assessed. The program was then augmented and updated by the open response. It is expected that the developed curriculum-based NLP education program will be used as data for realizing AI education in the school field.

뉴스포츠 관련 연구의 성과와 과제

김효림(Kim Hyo ?Lim),오원선(Oh Won-Sun),이병준(Lee Byoung-Jun) 한국체육교육학회 2016 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 국내의 뉴스포츠 관련 연구물을 대상으로 연구의 성과, 연구목적, 연구방법(연구대상, 연구종목, 연구기간, 자료수집, 자료분석)등을 교육과정에 제시된 신체활동가치영역별로 분류하여 분석하고 향후 뉴스포츠 연구의 방향을 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 그 동안의 뉴스포츠 관련 연구의 성과와 과제를 규명하기 위하여 총 109편의 연구물을 선정하여 내용분석을 실시하였으며 분석결과는 다음과 같다: (1) 2001년부터 연구된 뉴스포츠 연구물들의 양적 성과는 2011년 18편(16.5%), 2010년 17편(15.6%), 2014년 15편(13.8%), 2013년 12편(11.0%), 2008, 2009년 11편(10.1%)의 순으로 나타났다. (2) 뉴스포츠별 연구 종목 분석에서는 총 46개의 종목이 297회에 걸쳐 적용되었으며 티볼이 44회(14.8%), 플라잉디스크 36회(12.1%), 핸들러 23회(7.7%), 츄크볼 22회(7.4%), 넷볼 19회(6.4%), 티니클링 16회(5.4%)순으로 나타났다. (3) 연구의 목적은 정의적 접근 30.3%, 통합적 접근 23.8%, 기타 18.6%, 인지적 접근 14.6%, 심동적 접근 12.7%로 나타났다. (4) 연구방법 분석에서는 실험연구가 35.3%, 질적연구 32.5%, 조사연구 23.8%, 혼합연구3.7%의 순으로 나타났다. 연구 대상자의 특성 분석에서는 중학생 33.9%, 초등학생 25.7%, 교사 20.7%, 기타 11.8% 순으로 나타났으며, 성별로는 혼성 74%, 남자 8.4%, 여자 7.1% 순으로 나타났다. 연구 기간은 12주 미만 28.8%, 12주 이상 69.5% 였으며, 12주 21%, 8주 11.3% 순으로 나타났다. 자료수집은 총 496개의 양적, 질적 방법과 도구들이 활용되었고, 양적 자료수집(40.0%)보다 질적 자료수집(60.0%)이 더 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 총 54개의 검사지가 사용된 심리측정도구는 국내 검사지 수정 53.8%, 외국 검사지 번안 17.0%, 외국검사지 수정 16.0% 국내 검사지 개발 13.2%로 나타났다. 자료분석은 총 339개로 질적 자료분석(31.3%) 보다 양적 자료분석(68.7%)이 더 많이 사용되었다. 아울러 연구의 성과를 종합하여 추후 과제에 대하여 논의하였다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes, the aims, and the methodologies (e.g. samples, items of practice, duration, data collection, data analyses) on researches of New Sports in order to suggest future directions of researches in the field of school-based physical education. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 109 articles were collected and examined from KISS, RISS and National Assembly Library. These articles were classified into five value domains of physical activities presented in physical education curriculum: health, challenge, competition, expression, and leisure. Results: The results are summarized into four categories. (1) The number of articles on New Sports that began in 2011 are comprised of eighteen articles (16.5%), in 2010 seventeen articles (15.6%), in 2014 fifteen articles (13.8%), in 2013 twelve articles (11.0%), and in 2008-2009 eleven articles (10.1%). (2) Forty six different types of New Sports were applied 297 times, and these News Sports are Tee ball(14.8%), Flying disc(12.1%), Handler(7.7%), Tchoukball(7.4%), Netball(6.4%), and Tinikling(5.4%). (3) The aims of these researches comprised of effectiveness(30.3%), holistic practice (23.8%), unclassified(18.6%), cognitive approach(14.6%), and psychomotor(12.7%). (4) The types of methodologies comprised of experimental research(35.3%), qualitative research(32.5%), survey(23.8%), and mixed research(3.7%). The researched samples comprised of middle school students (33.9%), elementary school students(25.7%), teachers(20.7%), and others(11.8%). The samples groups in the articles were both males and females(74%), males only (8.4%), and females only(7.1%). With the regards to the duration of researches, 69.5% of the articles spent more than 12 weeks in the research study. Major tools of data collection used by researchers were qualitative methods(60.0%) and quantitative methods(40.0%). With the regards to the psychological measurements, researchers used scales developed by foreign scholars(33%) and domestic scholars(67%). Future research directions of New Sports in Korea were suggested with respect to these results.

De novo 시퀀스 어셈블리의 overlap 단계의 최근 연구 실험 분석

임지혁(Jihyuk Lim),김선(Sun Kim),박근수(Kunsoo Park) 한국정보과학회 2018 정보과학회논문지 Vol.45 No.3

여러 DNA 리드 시퀀스가 주어졌을 때, de novo 시퀀스 어셈블리는 레퍼런스 시퀀스 없이 하나의 시퀀스를 재조립한다. 재조립을 위해 de novo 시퀀스 어셈블리는 리드 사이의 모든 겹침을 계산하는 overlap 단계가 필요하다. Overlap 단계는 전체 연산 중 비용이 가장 많이 들기 때문에 어셈블리의 계산성능을 좌우한다. 여러 분야에서 overlap 단계를 위한 연구가 많이 발표되고 있는데, 그 중 가장 최신의 세 연구 결과는 Readjoiner, SOF, Lim-Park 알고리즘이다. 최근 염기 분석기술의 큰 발전으로 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 기존보다 저비용으로 대량 생산하는 것이 가능해져 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 생성하는 여러 플랫폼들이 개발되었다. 각 플랫폼마다 생성하는 데이터 셋의 통계적 특성이 다르기 때문에 overlap 단계의 성능 평가 시 다양한 통계적 특성의 데이터 셋이 반영되어야 한다. 본 논문은 여러 통계적 특성을 가진 DNA 리드 데이터 셋을 이용하여 위의 세 알고리즘의 성능을 비교 분석한다. Given a set of DNA read sequences, de novo sequence assembly reconstructs a target sequence without a reference sequence. For reconstruction, the assembly needs the overlap phase, which computes all overlaps between every pair of reads. Since the overlap phase is the most time-consuming part of the whole assembly, the performance of the assembly depends on that of the overlap phase. There have been extensive studies on the overlap phase in various fields. Among them, three state-of-the-art results for the overlap phase are Readjoiner, SOF, and Lim-Park algorithm. Recently, a rapid development of sequencing technology has made it possible to produce a large read dataset at a low cost, and many platforms for generating a DNA read dataset have been developed. Since the platforms produce datasets with different statistical characteristics, a performance evaluation for the overlap phase should consider datasets with these characteristics. In this paper, we compare and analyze the performances of the three algorithms with various large datasets.

피부 편평세포암의 원인 질환에 관한 임상적 관찰

임명규 ( Myeong Kyoo Lim ),정태안 ( Tae Ahn Chung ),장호선 ( Ho Sun Jang ),권경술 ( Kyung Sool Kwon ) 대한피부과학회 1996 대한피부과학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Background:The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) has been increasing, but no analysis of the causative diseases of cutaneous SCC has been performed. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the causative disease of SCC, Methods : Eighty-seven patients with cutaneous SCC were retrospectively studied. Results : The possible causative diseases of cutaneous SCC were actinic keratosis(18 csaes), Bowen's disease(17 cases), actinic cheilitis(8 cases), burn scar(4 cases), arsenical keratosis(3 cases), xeroderma pigmentosum(3 cases), chronic discoid lupus erythematosus(2 cases), epidermodysplasia verruciformis(2 cases), leukoplakia(1 case), chronic radiodermatitis(1 cases), erythroplasia of Queyrat (1 case), osteomyelitis sinus(1 case), lichen planus(1 case), porokeratosis of Mibelli(1 case), and the other 21 cases were of unknown origin. Conclusion : The causative diseases of cutaneous SCC were related to sun-exposure, and chronic dermatoses. (Kor J Dermatol 1996;34(1): 85-92)

Differentiation of Desmoplastic Spitz Nevus from Similar Conditions

( Min-woo Kim ),( Ji Soo Lim ),( Yun Seon Choe ),( Jung Ho Kim ),( Hyun-sun Yoon ),( Soyun Cho ),( Hyun-sun Park ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회지 Vol.54 No.9

The diagnosis of classic Spitz nevus with characteristic histopathologic findings is often straightforward, but unusual variants can cause diagnostic difficulties. Desmoplastic Spitz nevus (DSN) is of particular importance, as its differential diagnosis from other diseases, including desmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM), is essential but often difficult¹. A 38-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 6-mm brownish papule of unknown onset on the dorsum of her left hand (Fig. 1A). She did not report any change in the papule size, trauma history, or related symptoms, but she wanted to have the lesion removed. Punch excision of the specimen revealed proliferation of individual spindle and epithelioid cells with scanty pigmentation within dense colla-genous dermal stroma (Fig. 1B, C). The specimen was focal positive for S-100 and HMB-45, positive for Melan-A, and 1% positive for Ki-67 (Fig. 2A∼C). The lesion did not recur after punch excision at the 1-year follow-up. Since its first report in 1975, there have been only a few case series of DSN owing to the rarity of this disease and its under-recognition, except for intermittent case reports^1-3. DSN usually presents as a small red-brown papule on the trunk and extremities. It can occur at any age, but is mostly observed in young adults, with a slight female predominance. The distinctive histopathologic features of DSN―an intradermal growth pattern of large spindle or epithelioid nevus cells embedded in a fibrotic stroma, sparse melanin pigment, no junctional activity, no Kamino bodies, no prominent nest formation―can aid its differentiation from clinical simulators. Additionally, immunohistochemistry is essential for a differential diagnosis. DSN tests positive for S-100, Melan-A, and HMB-45, whereas dermatofibroma is negative for all three³. Hypomelanotic blue nevus shows uniform positivity for HMB-45, whereas DSN shows differential expression in most spindled cells3. The distinction between DSN and DMM is the most important. DMM is more common in elderly patients and tends to occur on sun-damaged head and neck areas. It also shows cellular atypia, strong mitotic activity and Ki-67 expression, less frequent S-100 and Melan-A positivity, and almost exclusive negativity for HMB-45^2,3. Some researchers regarded DSN as an end stage of Spitz nevus that had lost continuity with the epidermis and undergone fibrosis. Paniago-Pereira et al.² also reported that DSNs occurred in patients older than 30 years. These findings suggest that desmoplasia might be an aging process of Spitz nevus. However, Barr et al.1 found no significant difference in patient age, disease duration, or trauma history between patients with DSN and common variants of Spitz nevus, and suggested that desmoplasia may be a tumor-induced reactive stromal induction rather than a regressive phenomenon. The pathogenesis of desmoplasia has not yet been clearly elucidated. Moreover, it is controversial whether DSN should be regarded as a variant of Spitz nevus or whether it belongs to a spectrum of desmoplastic nevus as a distinctive entity^3,4. Some researchers5 suggested strict diagnostic criteria for de-smoplastic nevus, including greater cellularity in the super-ficial portion, and a mixture of melanocytic nevus cells, ovoid and dendritic melanocytes, and spitzoid melanocytes. Further, they mentioned that lesions in which one particular type of melanocyte predominates over others are more likely to represent DSN. Dermoscopic findings can also aid the distinction, because DSN shows dotted vessels and reticular depigmentation whereas desmoplastic nevus demonstrates a delicate pigment network over a pinkish background⁴. Although it is regrettable that we did not acquire dermoscopic image to support the diagnosis, our case overall seems more com-patible with DSN. However, the probability of a morphologic spectrum that embraces DSN and desmoplastic nevus cannot be excluded, and requires further studies. Here, we report an unusual desmoplastic variant of Spitz nevus with a literature review, and propose keynotes for differential diagnosis from its simulators, especially DMM.

심정지환자에서 epinephrine투여시 혈중 catecholamine의 변화

임경수,황성오,이부수,이강현,이진웅,임종천,김영식,김선만,김 현 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Background : Cardiac arrest is a potent stimulus for the release of endogenous catecholamine and high plasma catecholamine concentration has been reported during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Few data were present about the clinical effect of high plasma catecholamine and endogenous catecholamine response to exogenous epinephrine administration during CPR. Purpose : This study was designed to evaluate endogenous catecholamine response to cardiac arrest and exogenously administered epinephrine during CPR. Method : In 21 cardiac arrest victims, blood sample for epinephrine and norepinephrine was drawn before and 1 minute after each epinephrine administration during CPR. 1mg of epinephrine was administered immediately after intravenous access and 3 minute interval during CPR. Plasma catecholamines were quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Result : Baseline plasma epinephrine concentraqtion was higher in patients with cardiac arrest than normal controls (985±1627 vs 194±173 pg/ml, p<0.05). Baseline plasma norepinephrine concentration was also elevated in patients with cardiac arrest than normal controls, although statistically insignificnat(1965±4915 vs 360±250 pg/ml). Plasma epinephrine concentration in cardiac arrest patients was significantly elevated after exogenous administration of epinephrine, but its response was blunted after the third does of epinephrine. Plasma norepinephrine concentration in cardiac arrest patients was also elevated, but its response was observed only after the first epinephrine administration. Plasma epinephrine concentration was persistently higher in patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) than patients without ROSC. there was no significant difference of plasma norepinephrine concentration whether spontaneous circulation was restored or not. Endogenous epinephrine response to exogenous epinephrine was not observed in patients having prolonged arrest time over 20 minutes. Conclusion : Results of this study suggests that significant amount of catecholamine is released by exogenous epinephrine administration in spite of high plasma catecholamine concentration, and degree of endogenous catecholamine response influences resuscitation outcome.

주사 전자현미경에서 프르브 전류의 측정

임선종,이찬홍 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Measurement of probe current is used to align the column and to check proper current for image. The data is compared with data of other system and could be standard data for developing the system. In the measurement for aligning the column, scanning control signal is only utilized. The current for image is changed by aperture size. Faraday cup is one of tools for doing this and is used in this paper. It is composed of mesh and a cup to be connected to signal line. The current is measured by a pico-amperemeter.

직류 서보 전동기의 가변구조 위치제어

임선종,김낙교 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1994 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.19 No.-

Position control is a classical problem with various industrial application. Proportion-integral-derivative(PID) feedback control is perhaps the most common control design used by industry. But PID control is difficult to gain low overshoot, and also it is hard to compensate nonlinearity such as backlash. So, variable structure system(VSS) is one of the useful theories to constrain overshoot, and rise time. The VSS system transforms its structure by switching. Then, the state trajectory slide along the switching line to the phase-plane origin. The phase trajectory is known as the sliding mode. The main feature of VSS is that it has the so-called sliding mode on the switching surface. Within the sliding mode, the system remains insensitive to parameter variations and disturbances and its trajectories lie in the switching surface. In this paper, the position control of a DC servo motor in the sliding mode was performed, proposed the algorithm of variable structure control and analysed the insensitivity of the system with parameter variations and disturbance in the sliding mode. Experimental results indicated that VSS controller constrained overshoot and rise time of the system response.

都市整備에 隨伴되는 綠地計劃 : 主로 우리나라 都市의 綠地計劃

林舜文 慶北大學校 1962 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

1. In studying of green spaces of cities in Korea, I investigated the circumstances and stan dards of green spaces in U.S.A. England, Germany and Japan. 2. Seeing through the reality of the cities in Korea, I insisted on like following a. We must have green spaces and urban park's law immediately b. Projects of Green spaces. c. Establisgment of Green belt in cities.

한국기업의 국제화에 따른 대응전략

임순철,윤영한 청주대학교 대학원 1997 우암논총 Vol.18 No.-