연구논문 : 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화의 다양한 비침습 혈청표지자검사의 비교

김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),손주현 ( Joo Hyun Sohn ),김태엽 ( Tae Yeob Kim ),노영욱 ( Young Wook Roh ),은창수 ( Chang Soo Eun ),전용철 ( Yong Cheol Jeon ),한동수 ( Dong Soo Han ),오영하 ( Young Ha Oh ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.4

목적: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 병의 경과와 예후를 평가하고 치료반응을 예측함에 있어 간섬유화의 진단은 중요하다. 최근 간섬유화 평가에 표준방법이지만 침습적 간생검을 대신하여 여러 가지 비침습적 진단법이 이용되고 있고, 또한 새로운 검사법들이 개발되고 있다. 저자들은 만성 B형 및 C형간염 환자를 대상으로 임상에서 광범위하게 흔히 시행하는 혈액검사와 임상 소견을 이용한 아래와 같은 진단법들만으로 간섬유화를 얼마나 정확하게 평가할 수 있는지 알아보고, 단일 검사로 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 유용하다고 알려져 있는 hyaluronic acid(HA)와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 그 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상과 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2007년 2월까지 만성 바이러스간 질환으로 간생검을 시행받은 225명의 환자(HBV 180명, HCV 43명, HBV+HCV 2명)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 간생검을 시행하는 날에 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 혈청생화학검사를 시행하고, 혈중 HA, IV형 콜라겐 농도를 측정하였다. 간섬유화의 정도는 F0(섬유화가 없음), F1(문맥역 섬유화), F2(문맥주변부 섬유화), F3(섬유성 격막) 및 F4(간경변증)의 4단계로 구분하였다. 대상 환자를 F0-1, F2-4 혹은 F0-2, F3-4의 두 집단으로 분류하여 두 집단을 구분하고자 할 때 AAR(AST/ALT ratio), API(age-platelet index), APRI(AST to platelet index), CDS(cirrhosis discriminant score), platelet count, HA, IV형 콜라겐의 예측능을 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)값을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 섬유화의 단계는 F0 집단은 17명, F1 집단은 40명, F2 집단은 61명, F3 집단은 74명, F4 집단은 33명이었다. 의미 있는 간섬유화를 F2 이상으로 판단할 때, 의미 있는 섬유화의 예측에 대한 AUROC 값은 APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, API=0.756, HA=0.749, IV형 콜라겐=0.718, AAR=0.642 순이었고, F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화 예측에 대한 AUROC값은 CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, API=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, IV형 콜라겐=0.697, APRI=0.691 순으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 임상 소견 및 혈액검사를 이용한 방법들이 비침습적 진단법 중 단독 검사로도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있는 혈중 HA와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 우월하거나 대등하였다. 특히 APRI는 다른 인자들에 비해 F2 이상의 의미 있는 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였고, CDS는 F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였다. Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performances of noninvasive serum markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. Methods: We analyzed a total of 225 patients with chronic viral liver diseases (180 with hepatitis B virus, 43 with hepatitis C virus, and 2 with hepatitis B+C virus) who underwent a liver biopsy procedure at the Hanyang University Guri Hospital between March 2002 and February 2007. Serum was also obtained at the time of liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis was staged according to the scoring system proposed by the Korean Study Group for the Pathology of Digestive Diseases. Various noninvasive serum markers were evaluated, including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age-platelet (AP) index, AST/platelet ratio index (APRI), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), platelet count, hyaluronic acid (HA), and type IV collagen. Results: There were 17, 40, 61, 74, and 33 patients at stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracies of each marker, as determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curves, were APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, AP index=0.756, HA=0.749, type IV collagen=0.718, and AAR=0.642 for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2); and CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, AP index=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, type IV collagen=0.697, and APRI=0.691 for predicting extensive fibrosis (≥F3). Conclusions: Conclusions: All noninvasive serum markers evaluated in this study were useful for predicting significant or extensive liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. In particular, APRI was most useful for the prediction of significant fibrosis, and CDS was most useful for the prediction of extensive fibrosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:454-463)

Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release of Hydroxyapatite Coated Liposomes

조성근,위태인,하정,조선행,한건,한희동,신병철,Cho, Sung Keun,Wee, Tae In,Ha, Jeung,Cho, Sun Hang,Han, Kun,Han, Hee Dong,Shin, Byung Cheol Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.4

리포솜은 표적 약물을 봉입하여 병소에 안전하게 전달할 수 있는 약물전달체로서 연구되고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 리포솜은 표적부위에서 약물방출이 제한적인 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 리포솜의 안정성을 향상시키고 표적부위에서 외부 초음파로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위하여 하이드록시아파타이트(hydroxyapatite, HA)가 코팅된 리포솜을 개발하였다. 대조군 리포솜은 인지질과 콜레스테롤을 이용하여 제조하였고, 대조군 리포솜의 표면에 칼슘 아세테이트, 포스포릭에시드, 그리고 25% 암모니아용액을 이용하여 HA를 코팅하였다. 모델 약물로는 독소루비신을 사용하였다. HA코팅 리포솜의 크기는 120 nm 이었고, 약물봉입효율은 95% 이상이었다. 30% 혈장용액 내에서 HA코팅 리포솜의 입자크기는 일정한 상태를 유지하였으며, 대조군 리포솜은 크기가 1.4배 증가하였다. 외부 초음파 자극에 의한 리포솜으로부터 약물 방출을 유도한 후, 방출된 약물의 세포 이입율은 HA 코팅된 리포솜이 3배 이상 대조군 리포솜에 비하여 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 외부 초음파 자극에 의하여 리포솜으로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위한 초음파 민감형 리포솜을 개발하였고, 본 제형은 표적부위에서 약물의 방출을 효과적으로 제어하기 위한 분야에 활용이 가능할 것이다. Liposomes, which can deliver payload at target site, have been studied as drug carrier. However, conventional liposomes have limitation for drug release at target site. Therefore, we developed hydroxyapatite (HA) coated ultrasound sensitive liposomes to increase drug release at target site and to enhance stability in blood stream. Control liposome was prepared using hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol, and then we assessed HA coating on the surface of control liposomes using calcium acetate, phosphoric acid, and 25% ammonium solution. Doxorubicin was used as a model drug. Size of HA coated liposomes was 120 nm and encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin in liposomes was up to 95%. Size of HA coated liposomes are not changed in 30% serum solution, however, the control liposomes was 1.4 fold increased. After ultrasound triggered drug release from liposomes, intracellular efficiency of drug released from HA coated liposomes was 3 fold increased compared to control liposomes. In this study, we developed ultrasound sensitive liposomes to enhance drug release, which will be applied in controlled drug release at disease site.

Audiologic Results of Ossiculoplasty Using Malleus Footplate Assembly: The Comparison between Autologous Incus and Hydroxyapatite

Sun O Chang,Sue Jean Mun,Joo Hyun Park,Chang Myeon Song,Kyu-Hee Han,이준호,Seung Ha Oh 대한청각학회 2011 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.15 No.3

Introduction A disruption of the ossicular chain of the middle ear causes conductive hearing loss. Ossicular reconstruction is performed to restore hearings in those patients with congenital ossicular chain anomaly or ossicular chain disruption caused by chronic otitis media or cholesteatoma. A study from Japan with 52 auditory ossicular malformation revealed that 44% of the patients had a fixation of the stapes, 40% had incudostapedial joint defects followed by fixation of the malleus and/or incus and defects in the incudostapedial joint with a fixation of the stapes.1) One of the most common ossicular chain anomalies in Korea was a stapes footplate fixation (54.5%) followed by a mobile stapes footplate with other anomalies (19.7%) including a stapes without suprastructure and an incus long process, stapes without anterior crus and an incus long process.2) One of the most common ossicular chain anomalies is the absence of an incus with or without an intact stapes suprastructure. In incudostapedial deformed ears, ossiculoplasty is mandatory to restore the hearing process. Ossiculoplasty is also needed in cases with incus long process erosion with inflammation. As the most vulnerable ossicles, one report said that incus erosion is found in 80% of the chronic otitis media.3) Austin-Kartush classified ossicular chain disruptions into four categories after 1,151 operation on chronic otitis media. Group A ears with an intact malleus handle and a stapes suprastructure was found in 59.2% followed by group B ears with an intact malleus handle but an eroded stapes suprastructure group.4) In the group of a tympanic membrane and malleus preserved but a stapes suprastructure eroded, ossicular continuity can be restored between the stapes footplate and manubrium of the malleus with the method of malleus footplate assembly (MFA) using either the incus body or if the incus is unavailable, a biocompatible material such as hydroxyapatite (HA).5,6,7) Until now, MFA has proven to be the safe and effective way to restore hearings in such patients.8,9,10,11,12)Though successful results using MFA with either incus body or biocompatible material are reported world widely, there were a few reports on audiologic results after MFA ossiculoplasty in Korea. Authors reviewed our procedure and report hearing results of ossiculoplasty with MFA using either incus or HA. In this paper, a single-surgeon series of 32 MFA operations was analyzed. The cases were limited to autologous interposition grafts performed on Austin-Kartush group B ears in order to provide consistency within the analysis. Subjects and Methods Data collection A retrospective evaluation has been carried out on patients who underwent MFA ossiculoplasty between September 2001 and March 2010 in Seoul National University Hospital. A total of 55 patients with Austin-Kartush type B defect repaired with incus body or HA were identified. Of those, 20 were excluded due to a failure to recover operation records or a lack of no more than 1 year postoperative audiograms. Three patients who had undergone MFA with a homologous incus were excluded in order to provide consistency within the analysis. Finally, 32 cases were enrolled into the study. All procedures were conducted by a single surgeon. All data including previous operations, follow-up duration, age, sex, etiology, materials which were used in the operation, combined mastoidectomy, complications, and revision operations were analyzed. Eustachian tube function was analyzed according to the results of the Eustachian tube test. The status of the middle ear mucosa was described as either 'healthy' or 'inflamed' according to the operation records. Demographic data are presented in Table 1. Analysis of audiologic data Preoperative and postoperative hearing results were evaluated according to the guidelines of the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery Foundation13) an... Background and Objectives: Absence of incus is one of the most common ossicular anomalies and also frequently found in chronic otitis media or chornic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Ossiculoplasty with malleus footplate assembly (MFA) can be an excellent option in the above situations. We reviewed our procedures and evaluated the hearing results of ossiculoplasty using the MFA. Subjects and Methods: This study retrospectively reviews a series of 32 patients who underwent MFA ossiculoplasty between September 2001 and March 2010 in an academic tertiary referral center. The autologous incus or hydroxyapatite (HA) was used as materials for reconstruction. Results: Thirteen of 32 patients (40.6%) had ossicular chain anomaly, 9 patients (28.1%) had congenital cholesteatoma and 8 patients (25.0%) had chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and 2 patients (6.3%) had chronic otitis media. The patients with ossicular chain anomaly showed the greatest air-bone gap (ABG) closure. Overall, postoperative ABG was 17.7±11.7 dB at postoperative 6 months and 19.7±14.3 dB at postoperative 1 year, compared with preoperative ABG of 37.9±9.3 dB. There was no statistical difference of ABG at postoperative 12 months, 24 months between MFA using incus (n=17) and HA (n=15)(p=0.300, and p=0.563). There was no meaningful difference of postoperative ABG between the patients with combined mastoidectomy (n=10) and those without mastoidecmoy (n=22)(p=0.555). No extrusions occurred.

이중구간중도절단된 생존자료의 생존함수 비교를 위한 검정: 한국인 암 예방연구 중 당뇨병에의 응용

지선하,남정모,김진흠,Jee, Sun-Ha,Nam, Chung-Mo,Kim, Jin-Heum 한국통계학회 2009 응용통계연구 Vol.22 No.3

이중구간중도절단된 자료의 생존함수를 비교하기 위한 두 검정법을 소개하고 한국인 암 예방연구 (Jee 등, 2005) 자료에 적용하여 당뇨병 잠복시간의 분포를 성별과 연령에 따라 비교하였다. Kim 등 (2006)의 검정법을 이중구간중도절단된 자료로 확장한 검정법은 위험집합의 크기에만 의존하는 가중값을 사용하기 때문에 대용량 자료의 분석에서 Sun (2006)의 검정법보다 계산 시간을 대폭 줄일 수 있으며, 이산형 생존자료뿐만 아니라 연속형 생존자료에도 적용가능한 장점이 있다. 당뇨병의 잠복시간이 성별에 따라 매우 유의하게 달랐으며 여자의 잠복시간이 남자보다 긴 것으로 나타났다. 4개 연령그룹 간 당뇨병의 잠복시간도 성별에 관계 없이 매우 유의하게 달랐으며 여자의 경우가 남자의 경우보다 그 차이가 훨씬 더 유의했다. 한편, 소표본 모의실험을 통해 제안한 검정법과 Sun (2006)의 검정법의 검정력을 비교하였으며 제안한 검정법의 검정력이 Sun (2006)의 검정법보다 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다. Two tests were introduced for comparing several survival functions with doubly interval-censored data and illustrated with data surveyed by Korean Cancer Prevention Study (Jee et al., 2005). The test which extended Kim et al. (2006)'s test to the doubly interval-censored data has an advantage over Sun (2006)'s test in terms of saving computation time because the proposed test only depends on the size of risk set, and also the proposed test is applicable to continuous failure time data as well as discrete failure time data unlike Sun's test. Comparing male with female groups on the incubation time of diabetes was highly different and the survival of female group was longer than that of male one. Regardless of gender, the difference in survival functions of four age groups was highly significant with p-value of less than 0.001. This trend was more remarkable for female group than for male one. Simulation results showed that the significance level of both tests was well controlled and the proposed test was better than Sun's test in terms of power.

2010 해남, 평창, 원주지역 갈대 등 야초류의 이용실태와 사료가치 평가

서성(Sung Seo),한대덕(Dae Duk Han),장선식(Sun Sik Jang),김원호(Won Ho Kim),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),최진혁(Jin Hyuck Choi),김진숙(Jin Sook Kim),김하영(Ha Young Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2012 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원 이용으로 수입사료를 줄이고 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 전남 해남(간척지), 강원 평창(강변), 원주(섬강변), 전남 영광(와탄강변) 등 4개 지역에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초 자생지를 탐색하고, 수확·이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 전남 해남 해남목장 내 갈대(Phragmites communis) 위주의 야초 자생지는 300 ha로 예년에는 2회 곤포작업하여 연간 사일리지로 2,300~2,500톤(ha당 8톤)을 생산하였으나 2010년도는 1회 곤포조제로 사일리지 2,000톤(ha당 7톤)을 생산하였다. 유통가격은 롤 당 53천원으로 ㎏당 110원이었다. 곤포는 전량 자가소비하며, 외부 작업단에 롤 당 26천원의 작업비를 지불하였다. 연간 조수입은 2억 2,260만원이며, 소득은 1억원 수준(345천원/ha)이었다. 초장 150 ㎝의 갈대는 조단백질 8.4%, 상대사료가치 71.9 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 60.1%로 사료가치는 볏짚에 비해 약간 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 갈대 사일리지의 사료가치와 유기산 함량은 동일 지역에서 동일한 재료로 사일리지를 조제하더라도 수확시기에 따라 차이가 컸으며(CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, 건물 소화율 41.9~53.9%), 갈대 사일리지의 품질은 수단그라스에 비해 불량하였다. 강원 평창 강변 자생갈대의 사료가치는 초장이 79, 117, 121, 142㎝로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져, 조단백질은 각각 13.9%에서 7.6%로, 상대사료가치는 90.7 (건초 3등급)에서 76.1 (건초 4등급)로, 건물 소화율은 72.9%에서 54.7%로 감소하였다. 원주 섬강 주변 야초류는 곤포수확 작업에 어려움이 있었으며, 초장 130 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.5%, 상대사료가치 82.3 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 70.2%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 220㎝의 성숙한 갈대는 조단백질 10.2%, 상대사료가치 65.1 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 48.9%로 볏짚 대비 조금 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 전남영광지역에서는 와탄천 주변에 자생하는 갈대를 수거 이용하고자 시도하였으나 경제성이 없어 중단하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한 수거·이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성이 양호한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전(늦어도 7월까지)에 수확·이용하는 것이 권장된다. This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and forage quality of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions surveyed were the Haenam ranch in Haenam, Pyeongchang, Wonju, and Yeonggwang. In Haenam, yearly silage production harvested from 300 ha was 2,000 MT (7 MT/ha). All of those round bale silages were self-consumed in that region, and marketing price was 50,000 55,000 won per roll (110 won/㎏). Phragmites communis of 150 ㎝ in length contained 8.4% crude protein (CP) with relative feed value (RFV) 71.9 and 60.1% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which was somewhat more favorable than forage quality of rice straw. The silage quality of Phragmites communis varied greatly by the time of harvest (CP 4.7 6.4%, RFV 62.2 78.9, and IVDMD 41.9 53.9%), even with the same district and of the same original forage materials. Generally, the quality of Phragmites communis silage of was poorer than that of sorghum * sudangrass hybrid. In Pyeongchang, forage quality of Phragmites communis was decreased from 13.9% to 7.6% in CP, 90.7 to 76.1 in RFV, and 72.9% to 54.7% in IVDMD, as plant was getting mature, from 79 ㎝ to 117 ㎝, 121 ㎝ or to 142 ㎝ in length. In Wonju, the quality values of Phragmites communis of 130 ㎝ in length were 8.5% CP, 82.3 RFV and 70.2% IVDMD, while those of matured grasses of 220 ㎝ in length were lower (10.2% CP, 65.1 RFV and 48.9% IVDMD), but this was a little more favorable than quality of rice straw. In Yeonggwang, feeding Phragmites communis was tried in a Hanwoo feed, but stopped due to low profitability. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses including Phragmites communis in this survey was poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and native grasses should be harvested on June or July to obtain richer forage quality in forage values than rice straw.

A Comparative Study on the Habitat of Abies koreana WILSON between Mt. Jiri and Mt. Ha1la

Ihm Byung-Sun,Lee Jeom-Sook,Kim Moon-Hong,Kim Ha-Song 한국자원식물학회 2000 한국자원식물학회 학술심포지엄 Vol.2000 No.-

Cancer is a general term subjected to a series of malignant tumor diseases which may affect many different parts of the human body. These cancer diseases are characterized by a rapid and uncontrolled formation of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer chemotherapeutic agents can often provide the prolongation of life and occasionally cures. To date many kinds of compounds have been obtained from plants kingdom as anti-neoplastic and anti-cancerous agents. However, there is no special type of compounds for cancer therapy. In our laboratory, anti-tumor and cytotoxic screenings on higher plants collected in Japan, China, Korea, Southeast Asia and South America have been done by using Sarcoma 180 ascites in mice, P388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice, Chinese hamster lung V-79 cells, P388 cells and nasopharynx carcinoma (KB) cells. The family, Simaroubaceae consists of about 20 genera and 120 species, mainly shrubs and trees, distributed in tropical and subtropical country. Simaroubaceae is classified as RUTALES, together with Rutaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Malpighiaceae and Polygalaceae. The members differ from the Rutaceae in not containing oil glands. Bitter principles are a characteristic of the family, Simaroubaceae. The genera include Quassia (Simarouba) (40 spp.), Picrasma (Aeschrion) (6 spp.), Brucea (10 spp.), Soulamea (10 spp.), Ailanthus (10 spp.) and Perriera (1 spp.) etc.. Surinam quassia derived from Quassia amara growing in Guianas, north Brazil and Venezuela is used in traditional medicines for stomachic, anti-amoebic, anti-malarial and anti-anaemic properties. Also, various parts of a number of plants of the family Simaroubaceae have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety oi diseases including cancer, amoebic, dysentery and malaria. Then, the research has established that it is the quassinoid content of these plants that is responsible for above activities. In this meeting, I will present on anti-tumor and anti-malarial activities a

가시오갈피의 생리·생태적 특성 (Ⅰ) : 산지별 순광합성, 기공증산, 기공전도도 Net Photosynthetic Rates, Stomatal Transpirations, Stomatal Conductances of Leaves

한상섭,권정중,이갑연,허성두,김하선,김종원 江原大學校 森林科學硏究所 2003 Journal of Forest Science Vol.19 No.-

이 연구는 가시오갈피 엽의 생리적 특성을 밝히고자 광합성, 기공증산, 기공전도도의 생리반응을 측정한 것으로 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 광보상점은 양엽이 약 30 μ mol m^(-2) s^(-1), 음엽이 약 15 μ mol m^(-2) s^(-1) 이었다. 2. 광포화점은 양엽이 약 1,000 μ mol m^(-2) s^(-1), 음엽이 약 300 μ mol m^(-2) s^(-1) 이었다. 3. 우리나라 및 중국산 가시오갈피 상엽의 순광합성속도는 약 8.0-8.8 μ mol m^(-2) s^(-1) 로 산지간에 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 제주산 섬가시오갈피 상엽은 약 6.9 μ mol m^(-2) s^(-1) 로 다소 낮았다. 4. 모든 산지에서 중위엽의 순광합성속도는 상엽의 40-65%, 하위엽은 상엽의 30% 정도이었다. 그러나 섬가시오갈피 하엽은 상엽의 약 71%로 다소 높았다. 5. 상엽의 기공증산속도는 1.1-1.4 mmol H₂O m^(-2) s^(-1), 중위엽은 0.7-1.0 mmol H₂O m^(-2) s^(-1), 하위엽은 0.5-0.6 mmol H₂O m^(-2) s^(-1)로 산지별로 유의차가 없었다. 6. 기공전도도는 상엽이 약 70-90 mmol H₂O m^(-2) s^(-1)로 산지별 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 제주 섬가시오갈피 상엽은 약 380 mmol H₂O m^(-2) s^(-1)로 타산지보다 현저히 높았다. This study was made on the physiological reactions of photosynthesis, stomatal transpiration, stomatal conductance of Acanthopanax senticosus of leaves. The resuits obtained are as follows : 1. The light compensation points were approximately 30μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) in sun leaves and 15μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) in shade leaves. 2. The light, saturation points were approximately 1,000μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) in sun leaves and 300μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) in shade leaves. 3. There was no significant between various mountains distributed, net photosynthetic rates were approximately 8.0 to 8.8μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1) in upper leaves. However, net photosynthetic rate in upper leaves of Acanthopanax koreanum in Jeju island was slightly low about 6.9μ㏖ m^(-2)s^(-1). 4. Net photosynthetic rate in middle leaves of all mountains was ranged from 40% to 65% of upper leaves, and that in lower leaves was approximately 30% of upper leaves. But, the net photosynthesis in lower leaves of Acanthopanax koreanum in Jeju island was slightly high about 71% of upper leaves. 5. There was no significant between various mountains distributed, stomatal transpirations were ranged from 1.1 to 1.4 mmol H₂Om^(-2)s^(-1) in upper leaves, 0.7 to 1.0 mmol H₂O m^(-2)s^(-1) in middle leaves, and 0.5 to 0.6 mmol H₂0m^(-2)s^(-1) in lower leaves, respectively. 6. There was no significant between various mountains distributed, the stomatal conductance in upper leaves was ranged from 70 to 90 mmol H₂O m^(-2)s^(-1) . However, stomatal conductance in upper leaves of Acanthopanax koreanum in Jeju island was approximately 380 mmol H₂O m^(-2)s^(-1), its remarkedly higher than any other mountain.

가토에서 Pentoxifylline, Aspirin 및 Heparin이 피부피판의 생존 및 출혈 경향에 미치는 영향

하주원,백승,박홍주,오희균,유선열 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.2

The skin flap, which has been frequently used in the maxillofacial soft tissue defects, can be failed due to insufficient blood supply to the flap. To increase its survival rate, antithrombotic agents has been used. The agents have, however, been restrictly used because of their side effects, such as bleeding tendency or hematoma formation on the operation site. The present study aimed to the effect of pentoxifylline, aspirin, and heparin on the skin flap survival rate and bleeding tendency. Twelve adult white rabbits, weighing about 2.0 kg, were used. Five random skin flaps, which is 1mm thickness, were prepared on the dorsal surface of each rabbit by using 1.5 X 7.5 cm prefabricated template. The animals were divided into 4 groups on the basis of drugs used: Control group, animals in which no drug was given (n=3); Pentoxifylline group, animals in which pentoxifylline was given intraorally (n=3); Aspirin group, animals in which aspirin was given intravenously (n=3). On the 3rd and 7th day after operation, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured to evaluate the bleeding tendency. The animals were sacrificed on the 7th day and the mean skin flap survival rate of each group was measured. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The skin flap survival rates of pentoxifylline (84.3±7.9%) and heparin (79.5±10.9%) groups were significantly increased, compared with control group (68.0±10.8%)(ㅔ<0.05). The survival rate of aspirin group (73.0±11.1%) was not increased. 2. In bleeding tendency, the PT values were prolonged in heparin and aspirin groups at the 3rd day after operation (p<0.05), and prolonged in order of heparin group, aspirin group, and pentoxifylline group at the 7th day after operation. The aPPT values in heparin and aspirin groups were also prolonged at the 3rd day after operation (p<0.05), and prolonged in order of Aspirin group. Heparin group, and Pentoxifylline group at the 7th day after operation. These results suggest that pentoxifylline may be the most useful drug among three drugs to increase skin flap survival rate and less increase the bleeding tendency.

부산물 비료에 발효미생물의 첨가가 잎들깨의 생장특성과 수량 증수효과

하상영,박선일,정대수,여수진 東亞大學校 1999 東亞論叢 Vol.36 No.-

공시재료 부산물 비료 3종류에 발효미생물을 혼합하여 재배한 잎들깨의 생장 특성조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 초장에 있어 공기 발효미생물을 혼합한 부산물 비료는 대풍, 바이오청, 풍작 순이며, 엽수의 채엽증가는 바이오청, 풍작, 대풍 순으로 채엽의 수가 증가하였으며, 엽의 길이느 ㄴ처리구에서 엽의 길이가 길어지는 경향은 잇고, 조사 횟수에 따라 엽의 길이에 차이가 있었다. 엽의 폭은 엽의 길이와 같은 경향이 잇으며, 엽의 건물비율은 부산물 비료와 발효미생물의 혼합 유무와 환경요인에 따라 건물비율이 증감하는 것으로 판단되며, 줄기 30cm의 직경은 바이오짐+대풍, 하이그린 J+대풍, 아제론+대풍이 직경이 커지는 경항이 있다. This study was conducted to elucidate the growth characteristics of perilla, Perilla Frutescens, which was cultivated by mixture Fermentative microbe into three types Organic compost. In the height of perilla, Daepung mixed with Fermentative microbe showed the highest level and followed by Biochong and Pungchag in order. Number of the harvested leaves were the highest in Biochong, Pungchag and Daepung in order. Leaf length and leaf width were more effective at the three kinds on Organic compost than Control. The rate of dried leaf weight was decided by Organic compost, Fermentative microbe and Environmental factor. Diameter of perilla stem at 30cm above the ground increased mixture Fermentative microbe and Organic compost and was the thichest in Biojim+Daepung, Higreen-J+Daepung and Ajelon+Daepung.

學習現象을 反映한 製品組合 模型에 관한 硏究

河正鎭,徐洵根 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1984 硏究報告 Vol.8 No.1

In this paper, the realistic product-mix model reflecting learning curve phenomenon that attempts to determine the optimal allocation of scarce resources is formulated by broad discussion for its issues. The use of learning curve has been receiving increasing attention in recent years, but little research has been appeared in the incorporation of learning effects into resource allocation and aggregate planning. Because objective function and constraints are nonconvex and seperable, solution procedure by convex envelope approximation is developed and applied to a practical example.