Interpretation of English Reflexives by Chinese Learners

Sun Zhan 청주대학교 대학원 2024 국내박사

This dissertation aims to investigate the problems underlying the performance of Chinese L2 learners of English reflexive interpretation. Interpretation of English Reflexives by Chinese Learners Previous studies show that Chinese reflexives, especially the simple reflexive "ziji" can operate in a way that allows them to bind to a long-distanced antecedent, which is a clear violation of Chomsky's Binding Principle A. Over the years, syntacticians have proposed several approaches to explain the long-distance binding of Chinese reflexives and how it influences the acquisition of English reflexives. However, general syntactic approaches seem to fall short in fully explaining the Chinese reflexive system; alternatives are certainly needed. Drawing on O’Grady’s Emergentist approach and Huang’s pragmatic approach, this dissertation adopts Sperlich’s ERA model as the theoretical framework to explain the difference between the English and Chinese reflexive systems by considering the two different processors dominant in these languages. Chinese is pragmatic processor dominant, while English is sentence processor dominant. To achieve this, an online questionnaire was administered to Chinese learners of three proficiency groups: the low intermediate group, the high intermediate group, and the advanced group. After designing the test sentences and stories, this dissertation collected data from participants in different settings. By comparing sentence-level interpretation with context-level interpretation, the aim is to uncover the processing strategies employed by learners in terms of reflexives and explore the processing routines in their acquisition progress. Several interesting findings have emerged from this research. First, the comparison between the two tasks confirms that Chinese learners interpret English reflexives differently from sentence to context; their preference for local antecedents decreases significantly in the context level compared to the sentence level. Second, a similar finite/non-finite asymmetry is found in the pragmatic level interpretation from low intermediate learners and the sentence level interpretation from advanced learners, indicating the influence of L1 transfer in pragmatic strategies on the interpretation of English reflexives. The conclusions drawn from this dissertation provide new insights into reflexive interpretation and support the process-based emergentist approach, as well as the pragmatic account of anaphora. 본 논문은 중국인 L2 영어 학습자의 영어 재귀대명사의 이해를 저해하는 요인들을 연구하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이전 연구에 따르면, 중국어 재귀대명사, 특히 단순 재귀대명사 "ziji"는 Chomsky의 결속이론 A를 명확히 위반하는 장거리 선행사를 지칭할 수 있는 방식으로 작동할 수 있다. 수년 동안 통사론자들은 중국어 재귀대명사가 장거리 선행사를 지칭하는 것을 설명하고 그것이 영어 재귀대명사의 습득에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 설명하기 위해 여러 가지 접근법을 제안했다. 그러나 일반적인 통사적 접근법은 중국어 재귀대명사 시스템을 완전히 설명하는 데 부족한 것으로 보이기 때문에 대안이 필요하다. O'Grady의 Emergentist 접근법과 Huang의 화용론적 접근법을 바탕으로, 본 논문은 Sperlich의 ERA 모델을 이론적 기반으로 채택하여 두 언어에서 지배적인 두 가지 다른 정보 처리 방식을 고려하여 영어와 중국어 재귀대명사 시스템의 차이를 설명한다. 중국어는 화용론적 프로세서가, 영어는 통사적 프로세서가 지배적인 언어이다. 이를 위해 영어 구사력에 따라 초급, 중급, 고급으로 분류한 세 그룹의 중국인 학습자 그룹에게 온라인 설문조사를 실시했다. 테스트 문장과 스토리를 설계한 후 본 논문은 참여자들의 데이터를 수집했다. 문장 수준에서와 문맥 수준에서의 영어 재귀대명사 해석을 비교하여 중국인 학습자가 재귀대명사를 이해하는 전략을 알아보고 영어 습득 과정에서 그들이 사용하는 정보 처리 방식을 탐색하는 것이 이 논문의 목표이다. 이 연구에서 몇 가지 흥미로운 결과가 나왔다. 첫째, 두 실험 결과의 비교를 통해 중국인 학습자들이 영어 재귀대명사를 문장과 문맥 상황에서 다르게 해석한다는 사실이 확인되었다. 문맥 수준에서는 문장 수준에 비해 근접 선행사를 선택하는 빈도가 크게 감소한다. 둘째, 초급 수준 참가자들은 문맥 상황에서 재귀대명사를 포함하는 절의 시제 유무에 따라 유의미한 차이가 나타났고 고급 수준 참가자들은 문장 상황에서 차이를 보였다. 이는 영어 재귀대명사 해석에 사용되는 화용론적 전략이 모국어 전이의 영향을 받는다는 것을 의미할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 도출된 결론은 재귀대명사 해석에 대한 새로운 통찰력을 제공하고 정보처리 기반 Emergentist 접근법과 대용어의 해석에 대한 화용론적 설명을 뒷받침할 수 있다.

Exploration of CNN-based and RNN-based neural networks for Text Classification

SUN JING 아주대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내석사

Nature language processing (NLP) is an important research field in artificial intelligence compromising linguistics, computer science, and mathematics. Text classification is a basic task in various NLP tasks, which is the process of assigning a piece of text to one or more classes. Nowadays, the most widely used approaches for text classification are based on neural networks, namely convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN). CNN is a class of deep, feed-forward neural networks which uses a variation of multiple layers of perceptron in order to minimize calculation. RNN is proposed to take advantage of sequential information, whose current output is not only influenced by the current input but also the previous input. This thesis explores both CNN and RNN based methods for text classification. For CNN based model, gate mechanism is introduced to better capture the information of the input, residual connection and batch normalization technics are also used for gaining further improvement. For RNN based method, we explored the different impacts of four kinds of different advanced RNN units, namely unidirectional Long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM, unidirectional Gated recurrent unit (RGU) and bidirectional GRU combined with hierarchical attention mechanism for text classification.

Islam in Korea

Sun UMI 1990 국내박사

중국 탕깡즈온천 관광상품 개발 실태와 활성화 방안

Sun, Qian 경북대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

The combination of hot spring and the tourism industry to promote as the “sunrise in the hot sun”---the generation of the concept of hot spring tourism, it is will perfect blend of health spa and leisure tourism. Hot spa tourism is a travel experience, sets of spring bathing culture, health culture, leisure culture, holiday culture as a whole, to provide a new leisure health way for travelers. In recent years, with the rapid exploitation of Hot Springs tourism in our country, the recreation areas with Hot Springs are like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. However, the designs of varies kinds of Hot Springs tourism are the same, and they fall short of peculiarities. The problem of sameness on the design of Hot Springs tourism is increasingly severity. Although more and more researchers commerce the study in this field and there are so much relevant discussing and prospect literatures, the results of the related researches are not very satisfying. Because the results of the research have no effect on our practice. From the methods of the research prospective, there is less exploitation on the products of the Hot Spring. Given China’s current situation and problems of Hot Spa tourism. Taking Anshan Tanggangzi Hot Spring Resort of Liaoning Province for example, empirical study on the Hot Spring tourists of Tanggangzi, we fully understand the development present situation of it. With hot spring tourism resources, the paper points out the existing problems in the tourism development of Tanggangzi hot spring, and puts forward some suggestions and solutions to promote the rapid development of Tanggangzi tourism.

Neuroprotective effect of polygoni avicularis herba and akebiae fructus on the stress-induced fatigue model

박선행 Dongguk University 2018 국내박사

Korea Herbal Medicine have been widely used medicinally to treat various disease for thousands of years. Until now, the korea herbal medicine are preferred, however effects of Polygoni Avicularis Herba and Akebiae Fructus on neuroprotective resulting from stress induced fatigue are unknown. Therefore, we have investigated Chapter 1. effect of Polygoni Avicularis Herba on neuroprotective in stress-induced fatigue mice, and Chapter 2. effect of Akebiae Fructus on neuroprotective in stress-induced fatigue mice.

Analysis of prediction models related to atrial fibrillation in the Korean general population

이선주 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2019 국내박사

Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke, dementia, cognitive dysfunction, heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI) and death. So far, many epidemiological studies have developed various AF prediction models, but none sufficiently predict AF incidence in the Korean population. Furthermore, it is also unknown whether recently discovered gene risk indicators can improve AF risk predictions. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a risk model for AF prediction in the general population of Korea and to evaluate the AF prediction ability by a combined clinical and genetic model. We used two large prospective cohort studies (Korean Cancer Prevention Study, KCPS, and Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II, KCPS-II) and a case-control study (AF-control). The study included 2,377,002 participants in the KCPS, 159,844 participants in the KCPS-II, and 5,793 participants in the case-control set. In order to develop the AF prediction model, we classified each model into two groups: 50% random sampling for model development and the remaining 50% for data testing of the KCPS cohort. The Cox proportion hazard model was used to evaluate the association between risk factors and AF incidence. Discrimination and calibration of the equations for the 10-year AF risk predicted by the KCPS/ KCPS-II cohorts were evaluated. We evaluated the improvement in AF prediction with clinical and genetic models measured by c-statistic using AF-related genes PPFIA4, PITX2, and ZFHX3 on chromosomes 1, 4, and 16, respectively. The developed AF prediction models included age, BMI, blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and myocardial infarction in both men and women. Especially for men, the prediction model included smoking status and alcohol consumption. The 10-year risk prediction model demonstrated good discrimination in validation sets (c-statistic, 0.73–0.77). Furthermore, calibration was suitable for women of KCPS- II (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 =17.22, p = 0.045). Discrimination of the combined clinical and genetic risk score improved (c-statistic, 0.86–0.88 in men, 0.88–0.89 in women; maximum △c-statistic from clinical score alone, 0.04 in men, 0.01 in women). Discrimination has been improved when verifying the predictive ability of AF in a combined model of the KCPS cohort (clinical factor) and the simulation set (genetic factor). We have identified the predictors of AF incidence and developed AF prediction models in the Korean population. These models can be useful for selecting high-risk individuals for AF. The addition of genetic information in the clinical model resulted in modest improvements in the ability to predict AF.

Charactreization of the MADS-box gene IbMADS3 from sweetpotato and expression analysis in tobacco transgenic plants

Shin, Mi Rae University of seoul 2010 해외석사

Direct conversion of CO₂ to squalene by metabolically-engineered Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942

최선영 Korea University 2017 국내박사

Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, a photosynthetic bacterium, has great potentials for value-added chemicals production due to autotrophic growth and CO2 conversion as bio-solar cell factories. Here, S. elongatus PCC 7942 strains were engineered by transforming the overexpressed MEP modular genes with squalene synthase. And also, we investigated to confirm increment contents of SQ accordance to application of cpcB1 protein and ispA, as fusion partner with squalene synthase. Moreover, we analyzed transcriptome to understand the metabolic changes for nitrogen starvation conditions. Thus, we performed RNA-sequencing according to either nitrogen rich or free conditions. The accumulation of squalene in intra cell was confirmed by GC_MS and TEM analysis method. The squalene synthase led to the synthesis of a highest levels (11.98 mg/L/OD730 ± 0.9) reported so far in cyanobacteria. We identified differentially express genes and confirmed physiological response changes for up or down regulation genes among differentially expressed genes (p value < 0.01) during N starvation. In conclusions, this is the first demonstration of photosynthetic production of squalene from CO2 in engineered S. elongatus PCC 7942 strains. Further, transcriptome result could be useful to metabolically engineer S. elongatus PCC 7942 under nitrogen starvation condition. Keywords: Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942, Metabolic engineering

Beneficial effects of commensal microbes against enteric infection and inflammatory bowel disease

유진선 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2023 국내박사

(The)use of multiple sources of information in Korean sentence processing

김희선 UMI Dissertaion Services 2004 국내박사