Reversible Watermarking for Image Authentication using IWT

Sumalatha Lingamgunta,Venkata Krishna Vakulabaranam,Sushma Thotakura 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2013 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.6 No.1

Multiple variations in the branches of the coeliac trunk

Suhani Sumalatha,Mamatha Hosapatna,K.R. Bhat,Antony Sylvan D`souza,Lakshmi Kiruba,Sushma R. Kotian 대한해부학회 2015 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.48 No.2

Here we present a unique case of variation in the branching pattern of the coeliac trunk. In the present case, the coeliac trunk was replaced by two separate arterial trunks. The first arterial trunk bifurcated into the left gastric and the left hepatic arteries. The second arterial trunk bifurcated into a splenic artery and a hepato-gastroduodenal trunk. The hepato-gastroduodenal trunk presented an unusual course and termination. The right hepatic artery arising from the hepato-gastroduodenal trunk also showed a variant course. Such rare variations are important for gastroenterological surgeons and interventional radiologists due to increase in number of transplantation surgeries and live donor liver transplantations.

Persistent fetal superficial middle cerebral vein: an anatomical study

Suhani Sumalatha,Sushma R. Kotian,Ashwija Shetty 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3

The superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) drains the venous blood from most of the superolateral surface of the brain and drains typically into the cavernous sinus as mentioned in standard textbooks. But the drainage of the SMCV is variable as indicated by various radiological studies. Although variations in the drainage of the SMCV exist, there is a shortage in the literature providing cadaveric evidence for the same. The present study was designed to identify the variations in the drainage pattern of the SMCV in fetal cadavers. During the dissection of formalin-fixed full-term fetuses, deviation in the drainage of the SMCV was observed in five out of 30 cases. In three out of 30 specimens (10%), SMCV was observed draining into superior petrosal sinus; and in two specimens (6.6%) into the transverse sinus. In the remaining specimens, the SMCV drained directly into the cavernous sinus. Knowledge of the variations noted in the present study is essential, not only for diagnosing several diseases involving the cavernous sinus or paracavernous sinuses but also in surgeries of paracavernous sinus lesions and endovascular treatment of arteriovenous fistulas. The SMCV and superior petrosal sinus can be a venous refluxing route in patients with arteriovenous fistulas.

A rare additional lobe of cerebellum, projecting from its superior surface

Satheesha Badagabettu Nayak,Suhani Sumalatha,Surekha Devadasa Shetty 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.3

Human cerebellum plays a vital role in motor coordination, regulation of muscle tone and maintaining the equilibrium of the body. It seldom shows anatomical/morphological variations. Herein, we report the presence of a small additional lobe projecting out on the superior surface of the right cerebellar hemisphere in the para-vermal area in an adult male cadaver. There was a notch on the tentorial surface of the occipital lobe of the right cerebral hemisphere, corresponding to the additional lobe of cerebellum. The additional lobe was histologically normal, with no evidence of any tumour cells. Knowledge of this variation is of importance to radiologists, neuroanatomists and neurosurgeons.

A clinical perspective on the anatomical study of digastric muscle

Nandini Prashanth Bhat,Suhani Sumalatha,Ashwija Shetty,Sushma Prabhath 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.4

One of the suprahyoid muscles is the digastric muscle which comprises anterior and posterior bellies joined byan intermediate tendon. Because of its close relationship with the submandibular gland, lymph nodes, and chief vessels ofthe neck, detailed knowledge about the morphometry of the digastric muscle is essential. The objective of the current cross-sectional evaluative study is to record morphometry along with the digastric muscle’s origin, insertion, and variability. Forty human cadavers (25 males and 15 females) were dissected, and the head and neck regions were studied in detail. Theattachment of the digastric muscle anterior belly to the digastric fossa of the mandible was noted, and the distal attachment ofthe posterior belly to the mastoid notch was traced. The length of the anterior belly from the digastric fossa to its intermediatetendon and the length of the posterior belly from the intermediate tendon to its mastoid attachment were measured. There is afair correlation between the length of the neck and the length of the anterior and posterior belly. The study also identified twocases of bilateral accessory bellies of the anterior belly of the digastric. Normal morphometric data is provided by this studyon details of the digastric muscle. It is significant from a clinical and surgical point of view as the muscle lies in proximity tothe important structures of the neck.

Anatomical variations in the cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of the foot

Vanishri S. Nayak,Vanishri S. Nayak,Nandini Bhat,Sunil S. Nayak,Suhani Sumalatha 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1

Generally among the branches of common peroneal nerve, the superficial peroneal nerve provides cutaneous innervation to major part of the dorsum of the foot whereas the deep peroneal nerve innervates the skin over the first interdigital cleft region. The sural and saphenous nerves supplies the smaller lateral and medial margins of the dorsum respectively. The present study has been taken to classify the patterns of innervations of the nerves on the dorsum of the foot in South Indian population. A total of 40 formalin fixed lower limbs from 20 adult cadavers (15 males, 5 females) aged between 35 to 60 years were dissected and the branching patterns of nerves on the dorsum of the foot were noted and specimens were photographed. Gross anatomical variations were noted in the branching pattern of superficial peroneal, deep peroneal and sural nerve on the dorsum of foot. Results obtained in our study were classified into four groups. The cutaneous nerves are at risk of iatrogenic injuries during surgeries involving ankle, open reduction and internal fixation of fracture, arthroscopy etc. Knowledge of such anatomical variations of the nerves provides information to clinicians to avoid injury to them in real clinical situations.

Recombinant anti-D for prevention of maternal-foetal Rh(D) alloimmunization: a randomized multi-centre clinical trial

( Rahul Vishwanath Mayekar ),( Gopalkrishna Vinayak Paradkar ),( Archana Anilkumar Bhosale ),( Rekha Sachan ),( Sumalatha Beeram ),( Ashok Ramachandra Anand ),( Shuchita Ramesh Mundle ),( Yamini Trive 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.3

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant anti-D (R-anti-D) with conventional polyclonal anti-D (Poly anti-D) in preventing maternal-fetal rhesus D (RhD) alloimmunization and to investigate the immunogenicity of R-anti-D. Methods This was a randomized, open-label, multi-center clinical trial conducted in RhD-negative pregnant women who did not receive antenatal anti-D who delivered RhD-positive babies and showed negative indirect Coombs tests (ICTs) at baseline. The women were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to R-anti-D or Poly anti-D groups and were administered 300 mcg (IM) of the corresponding drug within 72 hours of delivery. ICT was performed 72 hours, 90 days, and 180 days after anti-D injection. Serum samples were collected to check for the development of antibodies against R-anti-D at days 90 and 180, using bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proportion of subjects who had positive ICT results at days 90 and 180 were compared between the groups using Fisher’s exact test. Results A total of 144 women were randomized to the R-anti-D group and 71 to the Poly anti-D group. Three women in the R-anti-D and none in the Poly anti-D group had a positive ICT result at day 90. No woman in either group had positive ICT result at day 180. Both drugs were well tolerated with only 4 reports of adverse events in each group-all were mild, non-serious, and resolved without sequelae. No subject developed antibodies against R-anti-D. Conclusion The studied R-anti-D is comparable in efficacy to conventional Poly anti-D and is safe and non-immunogenic.