Vascular tumors of the liver: A brief review

Sujata Sarangi,Balamurugan Thirunavukkarasu,Sudeep Khera,Selvakumar B,Taruna Yadav 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.4

Vascular tumors of the liver are mesenchymal lesions from endothelial cells. They range from common benign lesions such as haemangioma, intermediate tumors like Kaposi sarcoma, and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor to malignant tumors such as hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and hepatic angiosarcoma in adults. Pediatric vascular tumors of the liver also include benign, locally aggressive, borderline, and malignant masses with haemangiomas being the most common benign tumors and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma being an uncommon pediatric malignancy. The list of these lesions is completed by nodular regenerative hyperplasia, solitary fibrous tumour, and hepatic small vessel neoplasms (HSVN). Some of these tumors are uncommon and rare. This review article aimed to enumerate hepatic vascular tumors along with their imaging, histopathology, molecular findings for accurate diagnosis that can result in better management.

Is loss of smell an early predictor of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sujata Purja,Hocheol Shin,Ji-Yun Lee,EunYoung Kim 대한약학회 2021 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.44 No.7

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the severityof coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused bysevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), is likely to be distinguished by variations in lossof smell (LOS). Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of 45articles that include a total of 42,120 COVID-19 patientsfrom 17 diff erent countries to demonstrate that severely illor hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a lesser chanceof experiencing LOS than non-severely ill or non-hospitalizedCOVID-19 patients (odds ratio = 0.527 [95% CI0.373–0.744; p < 0.001] and 0.283 [95% CI 0.173–0.462;p < 0.001], respectively). We also proposed a possiblemechanism underlying the association of COVID-19 severitywith anosmia, which may explain why patients withoutsense of smell develop severe COVID-19. Variations in LOSaccording to the severity of COVID-19 is a global phenomenon,with few exceptions. Since severely ill patients have alower rate of anosmia, patients without anosmia should be monitored more closely in the early stages of COVID-19, forearly diagnosis of severity of illness. An understanding ofhow the severity of COVID-19 infection and LOS are associatedhas profound implications for the clinical managementand mitigation strategies for the disease.

Biological Properties of (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan-Based Synthetic Oligosaccharides

Sujata Saraswat-Ohri,Aruna Vashishta,Vaclav Vetvicka,Karine Descroix,Frank Jamois,Jean-Claude Yvin,Vincent Ferrie`res 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.4

Despite the fact that β-glucans are well-established immunomodulators, the problems with batch-to-batch heterogeneity remains problematic. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate new type of synthetic oligosaccharides. A new family of oligo-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucans modified on the reducing end was synthesized using a controlled and specific inversion of configuration at C-2 starting from already formed oligo-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucans. The designed glycosides are characterized by the presence of four or five glucopyranose entities and a mannose residue at the reducing end. To study of the impact of well-defined structural modulations, we used murine and human models to evaluate their immunostimulating potential. These novel oligosaccharides showed strong and long-lasting stimulation of phagocytosis and significant potentiation of synthesis and/or secretion of interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, the oligosaccharides tested showed significant effects on expression of several genes in human fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. From our results it is clear that these synthetic oligosaccharides represent a better alternative to natural β-glucans.

Effect of Earthquake on Trade: Case of Nepal’s Trade with China

Sujata Pokhrel 위기관리 이론과 실천 2019 Disastronomy Vol.2 No.2

For developing and least-developed countries (LDCs) like Nepal, foreign trade is crucial for number of reasons. Firstly, foreign trade is principal mechanism for achieving the benefits of globalization. Secondly, the continuing reallocation of manufacturing activities from industrial countries to LDCs provides many opportunities for expanding trade both in goods and in services. And finally, the growth of trade is firmly reinforced by international institutions. However, trade or flow of goods and services, both internal and external, may be disturbed due to many exogenous shocks. Those shocks can either be macro; policy or natural disaster shocks. This paper aims to examine the effect of earthquake and closing the Tatopani customs thereafter on Nepal-China trade. The estimation of earthquake effect on trade is performed in three steps. Using total trade, exports and imports between Nepal and China as dependent variables and other four variables as explanatory variables estimation is done via multiple regression analysis. Log GDP of Nepal, Log GDP of China, Dummy variable and one period lagged value of total trade; export and import are taken as explanatory variables. The overall analysis suggests that the closure of Nepal -China land border is of less significant impact upon Nepal-China trade however GDP of China and one period lagged variables has seem dominant role among others in Nepal- China trade. Tatopani closure shifted the trade routed among different ports in the short term while no effect in trade is observed.

A Strong Designated Verifiable DL Based Signcryption Scheme

Sujata Mohanty,Banshidhar Majhi 한국정보처리학회 2012 Journal of information processing systems Vol.8 No.4

Ending Violence against Women and Harmful Practices and Achieving Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights for Women and Girls to Accelerate SDGs in Asia and the Pacific

Sujata Tuladhar 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2017 한국여성정책연구원 세미나자료 Vol.2017 No.7

The dilemma of differentiating between acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B with acute exacerbation: Is quantitative serology the answer?

Sujata Lall,Pragya Agarwala,Guresh Kumar,Manoj Kumar Sharma,Ekta Gupta 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.2

Background/Aims: Acute exacerbations of chronic hepatitis B (CHB-AEs) are common in endemic areas and are often presumed to be acute hepatitis B (AHB) due to their similarities in clinical and serological pictures, presenting a major diagnostic dilemma. This study aimed to identify laboratory markers for differentiating between the two groups, and to establish the cut-off value for significant markers. Methods: A retrospective analysis of records was conducted for patients who presented with clinical features of acute hepatitis along with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) positivity from May 2015 to May 2017. A total of 172 patients were enrolled and grouped as AHB (n=89) and CHB-AE (n=83) based on their history of hepatitis B virus infection and duration of HBsAg persistence. Virological and biochemical parameters were analyzed and compared. Cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity of the variables were calculated. Results: The median value of signal by cut-off (S/Co) ratio for IgM anti-HBc was significantly higher in AHB group (30.44) compared to CHB-AE group (8.63) with a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 84%, respectively, at a cut-off of 20.5 (P<0.01). The mean international normalized ratio (INR) was significantly greater in CHB-AE (1.88±1.24) group compared to AHB group (1.62±0.17) with a sensitivity and specificity of 57.9% and 45.1%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 1.27. Conclusions: A value of 20.5 S/Co of IgM anti-HBc and 1.27 INR could be helpful in differentiating between AHB and CHB-AE.

Differential Desensitization and Internalization of Three Different Bullfrog Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptors

Sujata Acharjee,Kaushik Maiti,Jae Mok Soh,Wook-Bin Im,Jae Young Seong,Hyuk Bang Kwon 한국분자세포생물학회 2002 Molecules and cells Vol.14 No.1

We previously demonstrated the presence of three dis-tinct types of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone re-ceptor (GnRHR) in a bullfrog (denoted bfGnRHR-1, bfGnRHR-2, and bfGnRHR-3). The bfGnRHRs exhib-ited differential tissue distribution and ligand selectiv-ity. In the present study, we demonstrated the desensi-tization and internalization kinetics of these receptors in both transiently-transfected HEK293 cells and ret-rovirus-mediated stable cells. The time-course accu-mulation of the inositol phosphate in response to GnRH revealed that bfGnRHR-1 and -2 were rapidly desensitized, whereas bfGnRHR-3 was slowly desensi-tized. A comparison of the internalization kinetics re-vealed the most rapid rate and highest extent of inter-nalization of bfGnRHR-2 among the three receptors. Interestingly, the mechanisms that underlie the recep-tor internalization appear to differ from each other. Internalization of bfGnRHR-1 was dependent on both dynamin and b-arrestin, whereas those of bfGnRHR-2 and -3 were dependent on dynamin, but not on b-arrestin. These results, therefore, suggest that differen-tial regulatory mechanisms for desensitization and internalization of the GnRHR are involved in diverse cellular and physiological responses to GnRH stimula-tion.

A Strong Designated Verifiable DL Based Signcryption Scheme

Mohanty, Sujata,Majhi, Banshidhar Korea Information Processing Society 2012 Journal of information processing systems Vol.8 No.4

This paper presents a strong designated verifiable signcryption scheme, in which a message is signcrypted by a signcryptor and only a specific receiver, who called a "designated verifier", verifies it using his own secret key. The scheme is secure, as an adversary can not verify the signature even if the secret key of the signer is compromised or leaked. The security of the proposed scheme lies in the complexity of solving two computationally hard problems, namely, the Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP) and the Integer Factorization Problem (IFP). The security analysis of the scheme has been done and it is proved that, the proposed scheme can withstand an adaptive chosen ciphertext attack. This scheme can be very useful in organizations where there is a need to send confidential documents to a specific recipient. This scheme can also be applicable to real life scenarios, such as, e-commerce applications, e-banking and e-voting.

Functional Specialization Among Members Of Knickkopf Family Of Proteins In Insect Cuticle Organization

Chaudhari, Sujata S.,Moussian, Bernard,Specht, Charles A.,Arakane, Yasuyuki,Kramer, Karl J.,Beeman, Richard W.,Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS genetics Vol.10 No.8

<▼1><P>Our recent study on the functional analysis of the Knickkopf protein from <I>T. castaneum</I> (TcKnk), indicated a novel role for this protein in protection of chitin from degradation by chitinases. Knk is also required for the laminar organization of chitin in the procuticle. During a bioinformatics search using this protein sequence as the query, we discovered the existence of a small family of three <I>Knk</I>-like genes (including the prototypical <I>TcKnk</I>) in the <I>T. castaneum</I> genome as well as in all insects with completed genome assemblies. The two additional <I>Knk</I>-like genes have been named <I>TcKnk2</I> and <I>TcKnk3</I>. Further complexity arises as a result of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation of transcripts of <I>TcKnk3</I>, leading to the production of three transcripts (and by inference, three proteins) from this gene. These transcripts are named <I>TcKnk3-Full Length</I> (<I>TcKnk3-FL</I>), <I>TcKnk3-5′</I> and <I>TcKnk3-3′</I>. All three <I>Knk</I>-family genes appear to have essential and non-redundant functions. RNAi for <I>TcKnk</I> led to developmental arrest at every molt, while down-regulation of either <I>TcKnk2</I> or one of the three <I>TcKnk3</I> transcripts (<I>TcKnk3</I>-3′) resulted in specific molting arrest only at the pharate adult stage. All three <I>Knk</I> genes appear to influence the total chitin content at the pharate adult stage, but to variable extents. While <I>TcKnk</I> contributes mostly to the stability and laminar organization of chitin in the elytral and body wall procuticles, proteins encoded by <I>TcKnk2</I> and <I>TcKnk3</I>-<I>3′</I> transcripts appear to be required for the integrity of the body wall denticles and tracheal taenidia, but not the elytral and body wall procuticles. Thus, the three members of the Knk-family of proteins perform different essential functions in cuticle formation at different developmental stages and in different parts of the insect anatomy.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>We have identified two additional members of the family of Knickkopf (Knk)-like proteins in the genome of the red flour beetle as well as in all insect species with completely sequenced genomes. The previously characterized member of this family, TcKnk, protects chitin in the newly forming cuticle (exoskeleton) from degradation by the chitinase enzyme present in the molting fluid. Knk is also required for the laminar organization of the chitin polymer in the cuticle. The two newly identified members of this family, TcKnk2 and TcKnk3, have distinctly different but related functions. They are essential for adult morphogenesis including specialized “Velcro-like” cuticular denticles found in the lateral body wall, as well as the proper development of the tracheal lining. The <I>TcKnk3</I> gene gives rise to multiple transcripts as a result of alternative polyadenylation and/or splicing, but only one of these transcripts is essential for adult development.</P></▼2>