The Incidence of Virus Diseases on Melon in Jeonnam Province during 2000-2002

Sug-Ju Ko,Yong-Hwan Lee,Myoung-Soo Cho,Jin-Woo Park,최홍수,Geun-Cheol Lim,김국형 한국식물병리학회 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.3

The occurrence and relative incidence of viruses including Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), and Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) were surveyed from main melon (Cucumis melo L.) production areas in Jeonnam province during 2000-2002. Virus disease incidences of melon cultivating fields were 0% and 11% in spring and fall 2000; 40%, 2.1%, and 8.8% in spring, summer, and fall 2001; and 6.3% in spring 2002 in main cultivated areas in Jeonnam province, respectively. Field disease incidences of melon virus infections were 0% and 18.8% in spring and fall 2000; 50%, 38.5%, and 82.6% in spring, summer, and fall 2001; and 47.4% in spring 2002, respectively. Total of 101 melon samples showing typical disease symptoms were collected from 2000 to 2002 and tested for virus infection by RT-PCR. Potyvirus-specific DNA fragments for WMV, ZYMV, and PRSV were amplified from 46, 5, and 4 samples, respectively. MNSV specific DNA fragment was amplified from 18 samples. CMV-specific DNA fragment was detected from only 3 samples.

The Incidence of Virus Diseases on Melon in Jeonnam Province during 2000-2002

Ko, Sug-Ju,Lee, Yong-Hwan,Cho, Myoung-Soo,Park, Jin-Woo,Choi, Hong-Soo,Lim, Geun-Cheol,Kim, Kook-Hyung The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.3

The occurrence and relative incidence of viruses including Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Papaya rings pot virus (PRSV), and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), and Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) were surveyed from main melon (Cucumis melo L.) production areas in Jeonnam province during 2000-2002. Virus disease incidences of melon cultivating fields were 0% and 11% in spring and fall 2000; 40%, 2.1%, and 8.8% in spring, summer, and fall 2001; and 6.3 % in spring 2002 in main cultivated areas in Jeonnam province, respectively. Field disease incidences of melon virus infections were 0% and 18.8% in spring and fall 2000; 50%, 38.5%, and 82.6% in spring, summer, and fall 2001; and 47.4% in spring 2002, respectively. Total of 101 melon samples showing typical disease symptoms were collected from 2000 to 2002 and tested for virus infection by RT-PCR. Potyvirus-specific DNA fragments for WMV, ZYMV, and PRSV were amplified from 46, 5, and 4 samples, respectively. MNSV specific DNA fragment was amplified from 18 samples. CMV-specific DNA fragment was detected from only 3 samples.

Incidence and Distribution of Virus Diseases on Cucumber in Jeonnam Province During 1999-2002

Ko, Sug-Ju,Lee, Yong-Hwan,Cha, Kwang-Hong,Lee, Su-Heon,Choi, Hong-Soo,Choi, Yong-Soo,Lim, Geun-Cheol,Kim, Kook-Hyung The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.2

Disease incidences of cucumber virus diseases in Jeonnam province were 52.5%, 16.1%, 35.2%, and 50.9% in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. Rod- and flexuous rod-shaped virus particles were observed with the frequencies of 63.2% and 10.5%, respectively from the samples collected in 1999 under EM observation. Rod-shaped virus particles are considered as tobamovirus while flexuous rod shaped particles are considered as potyviruses. To further confirm their nature, total of 312 diseased virus samples were collected from 2000 to 2002, and tested by RT-PCR. Disease incidences of tobamoviruses including Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus and Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus were 48.7% and 3.8%, respectively while those of potyviruses including Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Papaya ringspot virus, and Watermelon mosaic virus were 15.7%, 9.3%, and 5.1%, respectively. Interestingly, Cucumber mosaic virus was hardly detected. About 5.8% of tested samples were infected with more than one virus. Tobamovirus infection was consistently observed from September to December regardless of planting time, whereas infection of potyviruses was observed in many cucumber cultivating areas where it was planted in September and October.

Circulatory endostatin level and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis

( Jin Sug Kim ),( Miji Kim ),( Kyung Hwan Jeong ),( Ju-young Moon ),( Sang Ho Lee ),( Gang Jee Ko ),( Dong-young Lee ),( So Young Lee ),( Yang Gyun Kim ),( Hyeon Seok Hwang ) 대한신장학회 2024 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.43 No.2

Background: Endostatin is released during extracellular matrix remodeling and is involved in the development of vascular pathology and cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, the role of circulating endostatin as a biomarker of vascular calcification and CV events in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) remains unclear. Methods: A total of 372 patients undergoing HD were prospectively recruited. Plasma endostatin levels were measured at baseline, and their associations with circulating mineral bone disease (MBD) biomarkers and abdominal aortic vascular calcification scores were analyzed. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of CV and cardiac events. Results: Plasma levels of patients in endostatin tertile 3 were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and predialysis systolic blood pressure in multivariate analysis. However, endostatin levels did not correlate with circulating MBD biomarkers or vascular calcification scores. Patients in endostatin tertile 3 had a significantly higher cumulative event rate for the composite of CV events (p = 0.006). Endostatin tertile 3 was also associated with an increased cumulative rate of cardiac events (p = 0.04). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, endostatin tertile 3 was associated with a 4.37-fold risk for composite CV events and a 3.88-fold risk for cardiac events after adjusting for multiple variables. Conclusion: Higher circulating endostatin levels were independently associated with atherosclerotic risk factors but did not correlate with MBD markers or vascular calcification. Higher circulating endostatin levels were associated with a greater risk of composite CV events in patients undergoing HD, and endostatin is a biomarker that helps to determine the high risk of CV events.

Incidence and Distribution of Virus Diseases on Paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) in Jeonnam Province of Korea

Ryu, Jae-Gee,Ko, Sug-Ju,Lee, Yong-Hwan,Kim, Mi-Kyeong,Kim, Kook-Hyung,Kim, Heung-Tae,Choi, Hong-Soo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.1

The incidence and occurrence of virus infecting paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) in Jeonnam province, the main areas of cultivation in Korea is undetermined. In this study, a total of 1,020 samples with virus-like symptoms were collected in Jeonnam province during summer season for 3 consecutive years (2002-2005) and were tested using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were found to be the most prevalent viruses with a 3-year average percent incidence of 41.3, 19.8, and 4.4 respectively. Mixed infection with more than two viruses was also found with 3.5%, 17.0%, and 8.3%, respectively. Symptoms of these virus diseases were not evident at the seedling stage but slowly appeared at the transplanting stage and increased to the middle stage (4-5 months after transplanting) during the 3-year cultivation periods. Symptom appearance of infected plants however varied largely with transplanting time. Those plants transplanted from November to January were found to be infected with viruses in June, whereas symptoms appeared with in a month those plants transplanted from June to August. There were differences in the virus incidence from primary factor such as district, type of green house and variety, but these were not statistically significant (data not shown). Recommended control measures of paprika against these viruses is also discussed in this paper.

Characteristics of Potato virus Y Isolated from Paprika in Korea

Choi, Hong-Soo,Ko, Sug-Ju,Kim, Mi-Kyeong,Park, Jin-Woo,Lee, Su-Heon,Kim, Kook-Hyung,Were, Hassan Karakacha,Chois, Jang-Kyung,Takanami, Yoichi The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.4

A virus isolate collected from infected paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) was characterized as Potato virus Y (PVY) based on biological, serological, cytopathological, and molecular properties. In host range studies, the paprika isolate produced the mosaic symptom on some tobacco, tomato and pepper (Capsicum annuum). A new paprika isolate also infected potato cultivars which is different biological characteristic compared to the other popular potyvirus infecting paprika, Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). Previously reported PVY strains, $PVY^o$ and $PVY^N$ did not infect pepper and typical PepMoV isolates did not infect potato. Distinctive inclusion patterns of the scroll, pinwheel, long laminated inclusions, and helper components in the cytoplasm of infected cells were also different to those observed by the typical PVY isolate infections. However, the paprika isolate reacted to the monoclonal antibody of $PVY^N$ strain with high absorbance readings. RT-PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the 3' untranslated region and a part of coat protein gene also added additional evidence of the paprika isolate as the $PVY^N$-related isolate. Multiple alignments as well as cluster dendrograms of PVY-paprika isolate revealed close phylogenetic relationship to the $PVY^N$ subgroup. Altogether, these results suggest that a new PVY isolate infecting paprika contained distinct characteristics compared to the other previously described PVY strains with closer relationship to the $PVY^N$ strain.

BGRcast: A Disease Forecast Model to Support Decision-making for Chemical Sprays to Control Bacterial Grain Rot of Rice

Lee, Yong Hwan,Ko, Sug-Ju,Cha, Kwang-Hong,Park, Eun Woo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.4

A disease forecast model for bacterial grain rot (BGR) of rice, which is caused by Burkholderia glumae, was developed in this study. The model, which was named 'BGRcast', determined daily conduciveness of weather conditions to epidemic development of BGR and forecasted risk of BGR development. All data that were used to develop and validate the BGRcast model were collected from field observations on disease incidence at Naju, Korea during 1998-2004 and 2010. In this study, we have proposed the environmental conduciveness as a measure of conduciveness of weather conditions for population growth of B. glumae and panicle infection in the field. The BGRcast calculated daily environmental conduciveness, $C_i$, based on daily minimum temperature and daily average relative humidity. With regard to the developmental stages of rice plants, the epidemic development of BGR was divided into three phases, i.e., lag, inoculum build-up and infection phases. Daily average of $C_i$ was calculated for the inoculum build-up phase ($C_{inf}$) and the infection phase ($C_{inc}$). The $C_{inc}$ and $C_{inf}$ were considered environmental conduciveness for the periods of inoculum build-up in association with rice plants and panicle infection during the heading stage, respectively. The BGRcast model was able to forecast actual occurrence of BGR at the probability of 71.4% and its false alarm ratio was 47.6%. With the thresholds of $C_{inc}=0.3$ and $C_{inf}=0.5$, the model was able to provide advisories that could be used to make decisions on whether to spray bactericide at the preand post-heading stage.

좁은가슴잎벌레 (Phaedon brassicae)에 의한 배추피해 및 온도별 발육기간

최덕수 ( Duck Soo Choi ),고숙주 ( Sug Ju Ko ),마경철 ( Kyeong Cheul Ma ),김도익 ( Do Ik Kim ),김현우 ( Hyeun Woo Kim ) 한국토양동물학회 2015 한국토양동물학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics, occurrence ecology and damage of chinese cabbage by Daikon leaf beetle (Phaedon brassicae) which is a serious pests of brassicaceous vegetables in Jeonnam province. Egg length is 0.97 mm, width 0.42 mm, yellowish long oval type. Larva looks like a larva of ladybug, has many black spots on body and molt 3 times. Pupal length is 3.49 mm, width 2.23 mm, light yellow. The adult body size of a female is 3.96 mm, male 3.64 mm, both are shiny dark blue. Developmental periods from egg to adult was 30.8, 23.5, 19.5, 17.4, 16.2 days at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃ of constant temperature condition (14L-10D), respectively. As the temperature was higher, developmental periods were shortened. From 18 to 30℃ adult alive above 90 days. But the larva can not live above 33℃. Developmental zero point of egg, 1st larva, 2nd larva, 3rd larva and pupa was 0.11, 14.08, 3.88, 0.02, 0.11℃ respectively. The relationship between temperature and development rate was expressed by linear equation (Y=0.0024X- 0.0097, R(2)=0.9739). From egg to eclosion the developmental zero point was 4.04℃ and effective accumulative temperature was 407.6 days-degree. Adult and larva of Phaedon brassicae make hole by nibble away the leaves of Chinese cabbage. When inoculated 5 adults of Phaedon brassicae per pot, the number of ankertrass was 19, 65, 113 on 1, 2, 3 days after, respectively. Average number of ankertrass by adult was 5.9 a day. When low density of Phaedon brassicae damaged more than high density.

Isolation and Characterization of Pepper mottle virus Infecting Tomato in Korea

Mi-Kyeong Kim,곽해련,Jung-Heon Han,Sug-Ju Ko,이수헌,Jin-Woo Park,Miranda Gilda Jonson,김국형,Jeong-Soo Kim,최홍수,차병진 한국식물병리학회 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.2

A peculiar virus-like disease of tomato showing yellow mosaic and necrotic spots on leaves and necrosis on veins, petioles and stems was observed at the Tomato Experimental Station (TES), Buyeo, Chungcheongnamdo, Korea. The disease incidence at TES fields ranged from 21 to 35% infecting different tomato cultivars. For this reason, to identify the virus infecting tomato and to characterize the virus based on biology, serology, cytology and at molecular level. Here, leaf samples were randomly collected from different infected tomato cultivars at TES fields and greenhouses and tested by ELISA using Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) antisera. Infected saps were mechanically inoculated in different host plants to test for pathogenicity, symptomatology and host ranges. Infected tissues and ultrathin sections were examined by electron microscopy. Finally, putative coat protein and 3'-untranslated region (CP/3'-UTR) fragment was amplified and cloned for sequence determination and analyzed its genetic relationship to existing PepMoV and PVY sequences at the Genbank. Results showed 69% of the samples were positive with PepMoV, 13% with ToMV and 19% were doubly infected with PepMoV and ToMV. Symptoms greatly varied from different host plants inoculated with tomato leaf sapinfected with PepMoV alone and discussed in detailed in this paper. Electron microscopy from infected tissues showed filamentous particles of 720-750 nm in length, a typical morphology and size of PepMoV. In addition, cylindrical inclusion bodies, pinwheels, scrolls and laminates with masses of fibrillar inclusions were also found in ultrathin sections. Alignment of the sequences of the CP/3'-UTR revealed >96% sequence identity with PepMoV and only <61% with PVY. Taken together, all these evidences presented clearly indicated that the causal agent infecting tomato at TES was PepMoV and we designated this PepMoV infecting tomato as Tom-sd2 strain in this study.

Incidence and Distribution of Virus Diseases on Paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) in Jeonnam Province of Korea

류재기,이용환,김미경,김국형,김흥태,최홍수,Sug-Ju Ko 한국식물병리학회 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.1

The incidence and occurrence of virus infecting paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) in Jeonnam province, the main areas of cultivation in Korea is undetermined. In this study, a total of 1,020 samples with virus-like symptoms were collected in Jeonnam province during summer season for 3 consecutive years (2002-2005) and were tested using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were found to be the most prevalent viruses with a 3-year average percent incidence of 41.3, 19.8, and 4.4 respectively. Mixed infection with more than two viruses was also found with 3.5%, 17.0%, and 8.3%, respectively. Symptoms of these virus diseases were not evident at the seedling stage but slowly appeared at the transplanting stage and increased to the middle stage (4-5 months after transplanting) during the 3-year cultivation periods. Symptom appearance of infected plants however varied largely with transplanting time. Those plants transplanted from November to January were found to be infected with viruses in June, whereas symptoms appeared with in a month those plants transplanted from June to August. There were differences in the virus incidence from primary factor such as district, type of green house and variety, but these were not statistically significant (data not shown). Recommended control measures of paprika against these viruses is also discussed in this paper.