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Cognitive and Driving Performance of Young and Elderly Driver’s on Unexpected Event
Murali Subramaniyam1,Se Jin Park,Hyun Kyoon Lim,Dong Gyun Kim,Heeran Lee,Myung Kug Moon 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
Objective: The cognitive and driving performance of both young adult drivers and elderly drivers during unexpected driving situations were compared and analyzed, using a graphic driving simulator. Background: An unexpected event described as while driving, the lead-vehicle stops unexpectedly the participant vehicle needs to apply last minute braking to avoid accident. The physiological stress and responses involved during unexpected event are studied very little. Aging makes people do less social, physical and psychological activities. Method: The cognitive parameters considered were percentage of relative beta spectrum power, measured from Fz and O2 area using electroencephalogram, and R-R interval measured using an electrocardiogram. The driving performances measured from the driving simulator were: crash rate, inter vehicle distance, reaction time, full braking time and participant vehicle approaching velocity to the unexpected event. There were two groups of participants employed in this study. The younger group 26.3±2.0 years of age and older group were 65.6±5.0 years of age. Nineteen participants were assigned to each group, and these groups included only male drivers. All the participants were experienced two unexpected driving situations, one while driving at 70 km/h and another at 90 km/h. Results: Compared with young drivers, elderly drivers showed longer and greater cognitive stain during unexpected events. Electroencephalogram analysis showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in relative beta spectrum power before and after the unexpected event, and also a significant difference (p < 0.05) between driving situations. Young drivers reacted quicker to the sudden event than elderly drivers. Therefore, the crash rates were higher by the elderly drivers in both driving situations. Conclusion: Elderly drivers showed the different physiological responses under unexpected events and may need different guides for the safer driving.
Subramaniyam Sathiyamoorthy,Jun-Gyo In,Byum-Soo Lee,Woo-Seang Kwon,Dong-Uk Yang,Ju-Han Kim,Deok-Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1
Panax ginseng root has been used as a major source of ginsenoside throughout the history of oriental medicine. In recent years, scientists have found that all of its biomass, including embryogenic calli and fl ower buds can contain similar active ingredients with pharmacological functions. In this study, transcriptome analyses were used to identify different gene expressions from embryogenic calli and fl ower buds. In total, 6,226 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained from cDNA libraries of P. ginseng. Insilico analysis was conducted to annotate the putative sequences using gene ontology functional analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthology biochemical analysis, and interproscan protein functional domain analysis. From the obtained results, genes responsible for growth, pathogenicity, pigments, ginsenoside pathway, and development were discussed. Almost 83.3% of the EST sequence was annotated using one-dimensional insilico analysis.
Subramaniyam Suresh,Kuravappullam Vedhaiyan Radha 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.2
Mustard oilcake was used as a novel substrate for phytase production with Rhizopus oligosporus MTCC 556. A mixed substrate (wheat bran:mustard oil cake) was used to optimize different medium components under solid state fermentation at a 62% moisture content, pH 5.5, 30ºC, an inoculum level of 15%, and a ratio of the volume of a salt solution to the mass of mixed substrate 1.5 mL:10 g. Different carbon and nitrogen sources were used for production of phytase. Use of the nutritional supplements maltose and ammonium sulfate resulted in high phytase yields. The hydrolytic ability of partially purified phytase was evaluated using 5 different food grains. Wheat flour showed a 43.78% phytic acid reduction, rice flour showed 92% release of inorganic phosphorus, and corn flour showed 81 and 68% releases of soluble proteins and reducing sugars. Thus, phytase is suitable for feed applications.
Subramaniyam, Sathiyamoorthy,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Jun Gyo, In,Bum-Soo, Lee,Sungyoung, Lee,Deok Chun, Yang Springer 2011 Plant cell reports Vol.30 No.11
<P>Gynosaponins (Gypenosides) are major phyto-chemicals in Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.), with similarities to the ginsenosides present in Panax ginseng. Gynosaponins are classified as terpenoid compounds. In G. pentaphyllum, 25% of the total gynosaponins are similar to ginsenosides. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional levels of the G. pentaphyllum genome to identify secondary metabolite genes. The complete transcriptomes for the roots and leaves were obtained using a GS-FLX pyro-sequencer. In total, we obtained 265,340 and all reads were well annotated according to biological databases. Using insilico analysis, 84% of sequence were well annotated and we obtained most of the secondary metabolite genes that represent mono-, di-, tri- and sesquiterpenoids. From our EST, most of the terpenoid genes were noted, among those few similar genes were studied in P. ginseng and these transcripts will help to characterize more triterpenoid genes in G. pentaphyllum. Also help to compare P. ginseng and G. pentaphyllum at transcriptome level.</P>
Sathiyamoorthy, Subramaniyam,In, Jun-Gyo,Lee, Byum-Soo,Kwon, Woo-Seang,Yang, Dong-Uk,Kim, Ju-Han,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.1
Panax ginseng root has been used as a major source of ginsenoside throughout the history of oriental medicine. In recent years, scientists have found that all of its biomass, including embryogenic calli and flower buds can contain similar active ingredients with pharmacological functions. In this study, transcriptome analyses were used to identify different gene expressions from embryogenic calli and fl ower buds. In total, 6,226 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained from cDNA libraries of P. ginseng. Insilico analysis was conducted to annotate the putative sequences using gene ontology functional analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthology biochemical analysis, and interproscan protein functional domain analysis. From the obtained results, genes responsible for growth, pathogenicity, pigments, ginsenoside pathway, and development were discussed. Almost 83.3% of the EST sequence was annotated using one-dimensional insilico analysis.
( Murali Subramaniyam ),( Seung Nam Min ),( Heeran Lee ),( Sangho Park ),( Se Jin Park ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
This study investigated the lifting loads beside the body compared to in front of the body. Lumbar spinal load during manual lifting is considered an important risk factor for the occurrence of work related back pain. The lumbar spinal load can be expected to increase while manual lifting in front of body compared to beside the body. The horizontal distance of the combined load relative to the low back can be reduced to zero with manual lifting beside the body. Many researchers want to collect quantitative data like low back muscle activities and lumbar loads for preventing back pain. Twenty healthy young men symmetrically lifted hand loads beside the body and in front of the body. The hand loads considered were 0, 6.5, 11.5, and 16.5 kg. Using digital human modeling (DHM) software magnitude of the low-back loads was estimated. The estimated lumbar spinal loads were moment, compression, and joint shear about L4/L5. Subjects`anthropometric details were used to model digital human in the DHM software. The electromyography was used to measure the symmetry of erector spinae muscle activity (between right and left side) during manual lifting with in front of body and beside body. Specifically, muscle activities obtained with surface electromyography were processed with standard root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude calculations. Finally, the foot balance during manual lifting for the selected postures was measured with foot analyzer.