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Water dispersible Blocked Aromatic diisocyanate Ionomers
Subramani, S.,Kong, Hyun-Chul,Cheong, In Woo,Kim, Jung-Hyun 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1
Making water dispersible/reducibleblocked-isocyanates facilitates incorporation of blocked isocyannates into an aqueous dispersion of coreactant. Anionically modified methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO), -caprolactam (CL) and 3.5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP) blocked aromatic diisocvantes (TDI and MDI) dispersible isocyanate adducts were prepared by introducing ionic pendantgroups and characterized by FTIR, GPC, DSC and TGA techniques. It was found that the de-blocking temperature of the isocyanate adducts decreases in the order: -caprolactam > methyl ethyl ketoxim > 3.5-dimethylpyrazole. It was also found that the dispersions of blocked adducts are stable and compatible with polyurethane (polyether and polyester based) and acrylic dispersions.
A Modified Single Sampling Plan for the Inspection of Attribute Quality Characteristics
Subramani, J.,Balamurali, S. Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2016 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.15 No.1
In this manuscript, a modified single sampling plan is proposed for the inspection of products in which the nonconforming items can be classified in to two categories namely critical and non-critical; and explained with the help of industrial example. The operating procedure of this plan is also proposed and the performance measures such as the probability of acceptance, average sample number, average total inspection and average out going quality are also derived. The optimal parameters are determined which will have minimum sample size. The efficiency of the proposed plan is also discussed over the conventional single sampling plan. The extensive tables for selecting a modified single sampling plan based on AQL and LQL are provided for both Binomial and Poisson distributions and explained with the help of industrial data.
Subramani Sankaraiah,Lee Jung Min,Kim Jung Uyun,Cheong In Woo The Polymer Society of Korea 2005 Macromolecular Research Vol.13 No.5
One-pack cross-linkable nanocomposites of waterborne methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO)-blocked aromatic polyurethane dispersion (BPUD) reinforced with organoclay (quaternary ammonium salt of Cloisite 25A) were synthesized by the acetone process using 4,4'-methylenedi-p-phenyl diisocyanate (MDl), poly(tetramethylene) glycol (PTMG), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), and methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO). Particle size, viscosity, and storage stability of these nanocomposites were investigated. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the silicate layers of organophilic clay were exfoliated and intercalated at a nanometer-scale in the BPUD matrix.
Subramani Pandian,Karuppasamy Marichelvam,Lakkakula Satish,Stanislaus Antony Ceasar,Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian,Manikandan Ramesh 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.5
Finger millet is an important staple food crop of semi-arid tropics also known as “super cereal” and has a higher calcium content than any other crops. Thousands of germplasm are being maintained and its genetic characterization is essential for further utilization in crop improvement. This research was performed to estimate the diversity and population genetic structure in the mini-core collection of finger millet by using SPAR markers, namely RAPD, ISSR, and DAMD markers. Altogether, 32 primers were used in this study, which produced 408 bands among which 344 were polymorphic. Analysis by combining all three marker systems revealed 84.31% of polymorphism among 90 genotypes of finger millet. Average polymorphism information content (PIC) produced by the ISSR, RAPD, and DAMD markers were 0.79, 0.81, 0.62, and average Rp values were 12.84, 8.17, and 8.53, respectively. The Jaccard's similarity value ranged from 0.233-0.861. IE 6059 and IE 5870 genotypes showed the highest Jaccard's similarity value of 0.861 in UPGMA analysis. Neighbor joining-based phylogenetic analysis produced two major clusters and the genotypes were grouped based on their geographical region of origin. Principal component analysis and principal coordinates analysis also confirmed the results. In population STRUCTURE analysis, the genotypes were divided into two subpopulations (P1and P2). These results confirmed that the genotypes we have assessed were genetically diverse and were clustered based on their geographic region of origin. The information obtained from this study will be useful in population management strategies and selection of genotypes for an effective breeding program in the future.
Design of a Polarization Splitter Based on a Dual-core Hexagonal-shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber
Subramani Jegadeesan,Muneeswaran Dhamodaran,Maria Azees,Arunachalam Murugan 한국광학회 2019 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.3 No.4
In this paper, a microstructured, hexagonal-shaped dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed. The proposed structure has specific optical properties to obtain high birefringence and short coupling length, for different values of structural parameters varied over a wide range of wavelength. The properties are analyzed using a solid core of silica material. The proposed structure is implemented as a polarization splitter with splitting length of 1.9 mm and a splitting ratio of -34.988 dB, at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The obtained bandwidth in one band gap of about 81 nm. The numerical analysis ensures that the performance of the proposed polarization splitter is better than that of existing ones.
Subramani Manigandan,윤종원 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.3
Recently, pharmacological activation of thermogenesis in brown fat and induction of white fat browning (beiging) have been considered as promising strategies in the development of anti-obesity drugs. During the screening of natural compounds that may stimulate thermogenesis, urolithin A (UroA), which is metabolized from pomegranate ellagitannins by gut microflora, was identified as a potent anti-obesity candidate. In the present study, we elucidated the role of UroA to induce the brown-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. UroA treatments of up to 50 μM were non-toxic to cells. UroA at 15 μM significantly increased the protein expression levels of brown-fatspecific markers such as UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α, C/ EBPβ, and PPARα. In addition, it remarkably increased the expression of beige-specific genes, including Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmen26, in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and significantly elevated expressions of the brown-fatspecific genes (Ppargc1, Prdm16, and Ucp1) in white adipocytes. Furthermore, UroA treatment of 3T3-L1 white adipocytes cells reduced the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors, whereas enhanced lipolysis and the fat oxidation process. Mechanistic study revealed that UroA treatment induces browning in white adipocytes via activation of β3-AR- and p38 MAPK-dependent signaling pathways. Taken together, UroA has the potential to treat obesity by its capacity to recruit beige fat cells in white adipocyte tissue, thereby contributing to an increase in thermogenesis.
Fiber-Matrix Interface Characterization through the Microbond Test
Subramani Sockalingam,Gaurav Nilakantan 한국항공우주학회 2012 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.13 No.3
Fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are widely used to provide protection against ballistic impact and blast events. There are several factors that govern the structural response and mechanical properties of a textile composite structure, of which the fiber-matrix interfacial behavior is a crucial determinant. This paper reviews the microbond or microdroplet test methodology that is used to characterize the fiber-matrix interfacial behavior, particularly the interface shear strength (IFSS). The various analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches applied to the microbond test are reviewed in detail.
Waterborne trifunctionalsilane-terminated polyurethane nanocomposite with silane-modified clay
Subramani, Sankaraiah,Lee, Jun-Young,Choi, Sung-Wook,Kim, Jung Hyun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of polymer science Part B, Polymer physics Vol.45 No.19
<P>Trifunctional organosilane-modified clay was synthesized and used to prepare waterborne trifunctionalsilane-terminated polyurethane (WSPU)/clay nanocomposite dispersions in this study. Qualitative evidence of the presence of chemically attached silane molecules on clay were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The grafted amount and the grafting yield were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and the obtained results were in good agreement with the cation exchange capacity of pristine clay. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy examinations indicated that the clay platelets are mostly intercalated or partially exfoliated in the SPU matrix with a d-spacing of ∼2.50 nm. Clay does not influence the location and peak broadness of the glass transition temperature of soft segment as well as hard segment domains in the WSPU/clay films. WSPU/clay dispersion with higher clay content exhibits a marginal increase in the average particle size, but silane modified clay has a pronounced effect compared with Cloisite 20A-based nanocomposites. In addition, the incorporation of organophilic clay can also enhance the thermal resistance and tensile properties of WSPUs dramatically through the reinforcing effect. The improvement in water and xylene resistance of the silane modified clay nanocomposites proved that trifunctional organosilane can be used as effective modifiers for clays. Storage stability results confirmed that the prepared nanocomposite dispersions were stable. This method provides an efficient way to incorporate silane modified clay in SPU matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2747–2761, 2007</P>