Noise Reduction using simple RTF estimates

Cahkladar Subhojit(찻클라다 서브로지트),Jin Yu Gwang(진유광),Kang Taw Gyoon(강태균),Kim Nam Soo(김남수) 한국통신학회 2010 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.6

Breast Cancer Awareness at the Community Level among Women in Delhi, India

Dey, Subhojit,Mishra, Arti,Govil, Jyotsna,Dhillon, Preet K Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Background: To assess women's awareness from diverse sections of society in Delhi regarding various aspects of breast cancer (BC) - perceptions, signs and symptoms, risk factors, prevention, screening and treatment. Materials and Methods: Community-level survey was undertaken in association with the Indian Cancer Society (ICS), Delhi during May 2013-March 2014. Women attending BC awareness workshops by ICS were given self-administered questionnaires before the workshop in the local language to assess BC literacy. Information provided by 2017 women was converted into awareness scores (aware=1) for analysis using SPSS. Awareness scores were dichotomized with median score=19 as cut off, create more aware and less aware categories. Bivariate and multivariate analysis provided P-values, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Broadly, 53.4% women were aware about various aspects of BC. Notably, 49.1% women believed that BC was incurable and 73.9% women believed pain to be an initial BC symptom. Only 34.9% women performed breast self-examination (BSE) and 6.9% women had undergone clinical breast-examination/mammography. 40.5% women had higher awareness (awareness score > median score of 19), which was associated with education [graduates (OR=2.31; 95%CI=1.78, 3.16), post-graduates (OR=7.06; 95%CI=4.14, 12.05) compared to ${\leq}$ high school] and socio-economic status (SES) [low-middle (OR=4.20; 95%CI=2.72, 6.49), middle (OR=6.00; 95%CI=3.82, 9.42) and upper (OR=6.97; 95%CI=4.10, 11.84) compared to low SES]. Conclusions: BC awareness of women in Delhi was suboptimal and was associated with low SES and education. Awareness must be drastically increased via community outreach and use of media as a first step in the fight against BC.

Forecasting PM2.5 Concentration in India Using a Cluster Based Hybrid Graph Neural Network Approach

Pavan Sai Santhosh Ejurothu,Subhojit Mandal,Mainak Thakur 한국기상학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.59 No.5

Air pollution modeling and forecasting over a national level scale for a country as large as India is a very challenging task dueto the large amount of data involved in a limited spatial frequency. Often the air pollution and pollutant dispersion processdepend on underlying meteorological conditions. Recently, Graph Neural Networks emerged as an effective deep learningmodel for discovering spatial patterns for various classification and regression tasks. This study proposes to employ a clusterbasedLocal Hybrid-Graph Neural Network (HGNN) methodology instead of using a single global Graph Neural Network formonitoring station-wise multi-step PM2.5 concentration forecasting across India’s states. This methodology respects suddenchanges in PM2.5 concentration due to the local meteorological variations. However, the local Hybrid GNN models consistof two parts: a spatio-temporal unit containing a Graph Neural Network layer along with a Gated Recurrent Unit layer tomodel the influence of wind speed and other meteorological variables on PM2.5 concentration. The other part is a station wisefeature extraction unit to extract station-wise meteorological feature impact on PM2.5 concentration, along with the temporaldependency between historical records. The results from the two units are fused in step-wise manner for multi-step PM2.5forecasting. The proposed methodology was used to develop separate PM2.5 concentration forecasting models, +24, +48and +72 hours ahead. Subsequently, a detailed analysis is carried out to unfold the advantages of the proposed methodology. Results demonstrate the proposed models perform better than the state-of-the-art with significantly lesser computation time.

Cancer Detection Rates in a Population-Based, Opportunistic Screening Model, New Delhi, India

Shridhar, Krithiga,Dey, Subhojit,Bhan, Chandra Mohan,Bumb, Dipika,Govil, Jyostna,Dhillon, Preet K Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Background: In India, cancer accounts for 7.3% of DALY's, 14.3% of mortality with an age-standardized incident rate of 92.4/100,000 in men and 97.4/100,000 in women and yet there are no nationwide screening programs. Materials and Methods: We calculated age-standardized and age-truncated (30-69 years) detection rates for men and women who attended the Indian Cancer Society detection centre, New Delhi from 2011-12. All participants were registered with socio-demographic, medical, family and risk factors history questionnaires, administered clinical examinations to screen for breast, oral, gynecological and other cancers through a comprehensive physical examination and complete blood count. Patients with an abnormal clinical exam or blood result were referred to collaborating institutes for further investigations and follow-up. Results: A total of n=3503 were screened during 2011-12 (47.8% men, 51.6% women and 0.6% children <15 years) with a mean age of 47.8 yrs (${\pm}15.1yrs$); 80.5% were aged 30-69 years and 77.1% had at least a secondary education. Tobacco use was reported by 15.8%, alcohol consumption by 11.9% and family history of cancer by 9.9% of participants. Follow-up of suspicious cases yielded 45 incident cancers (51.1% in men, 48.9% in women), consisting of 55.5% head and neck (72.0% oral), 28.9% breast, 6.7% gynecological and 8.9% other cancer sites. The age-standardized detection rate for all cancer sites was 340.8/100,000 men and 329.8/100,000 women. Conclusions: Cancer screening centres are an effective means of attracting high-risk persons in low-resource settings. Opportunistic screening is one feasible pathway to address the rising cancer burden in urban India through early detection.

비음수 행렬 인수분해 기반의 음성 검출 기법 연구

진유광(Yu Gwang Jin),조기호(Kiho Cho),Subhojit Chakladar,김남수(Nam Soo Kim) 한국통신학회 2009 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.6

부분 공간 투영 오차를 이용한 음성 검출 기법

진유광(Yu Gwang Jin),강태균(Tae Gyoon Kang),Subhojit Chakladar,김남수(Nam Soo Kim) 한국통신학회 2010 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.6

Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives on Cancer Stigma in North India

Gupta, Adyya,Dhillon, Preet K,Govil, Jyotsna,Bumb, Dipika,Dey, Subhojit,Krishnan, Suneeta Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. A large proportion of cancer deaths are preventable through early detection but there are a range of social, emotional, cultural and financial dimensions that hinder the effectiveness of cancer prevention and treatment efforts. Cancer stigma is one such barrier and is increasingly recognized as an important factor influencing health awareness and promotion, and hence, disease prevention and control. The impact and extent of stigma on the cancer early detection and care continuum is poorly understood in India. Objectives: To evaluate cancer awareness and stigma from multiple stakeholder perspectives in North India, including men and women from the general population, health care professionals and educators, and cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) among 39 individuals over a period of 3 months in 2014. Three groups of participants were chosen purposively - 1) men and women who attended cancer screening camps held by the Indian Cancer Society, Delhi; 2) health care providers and 3) cancer survivors. Results: Most participants were unaware of what cancers are in general, their causes and ways of prevention. Attitudes of families towards cancer patients were observed to be positive and caring. Nevertheless, stigma and its impact emerged as a cross cutting theme across all groups. Cost of treatment, lack of awarenes and beliefs in alternate medicines were identified as some of the major barriers to seeking care. Conclusions: This study suggests a need for spreading awareness, knowledge about cancers and assessing associated impact among the people. Also Future research is recommended to help eradicate stigma from the society and reduce cancer-related stigma in the Indian context.

Ontogeny of in vitro Shoot Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem Explants in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Jaya Srivastava,Alok Das,Khela Ram Soren,Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi,Nagaswamy Nadarajan,Subhojit Datta 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major food legume crops for the tropics and sub-tropical regions and is the main dietary protein source for vegetarians in developing countries. Besides several abiotic factors, its production is constrained by insect pests, as well as many fungal diseases. The success of any attempt to produce resistant varieties through genetic engineering to a large extent depends on the availability of efficient and reproducible regeneration and transformation procedures. Further, the transformation techniques can be more successfully applied if the ontogeny of shoot development is well understood. Ontogeny of shoot development from axillary meristem explants (AME) in chickpea has been studied with the optimization of conditions for high-frequency multiple shoot induction. Preculture of seeds in TDZ significantly enhances the frequency of multiple shoot induction from the explants. Ontogeny and early events of multiple shoot induction revealed direct adventitious origin of the shoots. The understanding of the regeneration process could be further utilized in the designing of efficient transformation methods. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major food legume crops for the tropics and sub-tropical regions and is the main dietary protein source for vegetarians in developing countries. Besides several abiotic factors, its production is constrained by insect pests, as well as many fungal diseases. The success of any attempt to produce resistant varieties through genetic engineering to a large extent depends on the availability of efficient and reproducible regeneration and transformation procedures. Further, the transformation techniques can be more successfully applied if the ontogeny of shoot development is well understood. Ontogeny of shoot development from axillary meristem explants (AME) in chickpea has been studied with the optimization of conditions for high-frequency multiple shoot induction. Preculture of seeds in TDZ significantly enhances the frequency of multiple shoot induction from the explants. Ontogeny and early events of multiple shoot induction revealed direct adventitious origin of the shoots. The understanding of the regeneration process could be further utilized in the designing of efficient transformation methods.

Genetic Transformation of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and Screening Transgenic Progenies Based on Lateral Root Inhibition

Alok Das,Manoj Kumar,Arvind Kumar Singh,Alok Shukla,Jamal Ansari,Subhojit Datta,Narendra Pratap Singh 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.4

Production of transgenic pigeonpea is becoming increasingly important, but the methods currently employed in production and subsequent screening still requires improvement. Here, we describe Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of pigeonpea with reporter uidA (gus) gene and selectable marker, neomycin phospho-transferase (nptII) gene. Histochemical assay demonstrate localization of gus activity in cells and transformed plants. Overall, a transformation frequency of 0.33% was achieved using the protocol. Grafting of in vitro-regenerated healthy shoots indicates higher survival percent (72.6%), when stock and scion are of the same variety. Seeds harvested from primary transgenic plants can be screened based on lateral root inhibition strategy. Approximately 87% of the screened T1 plants were found to be PCR positive. In conclusion, in vitro grafting of transgenic pigeonpea shoots leads to better plant establishment and screening based on lateral root inhibition leads to quick identification of positive segregants.

Ontogeny of in vitro Shoot Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem Explants in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Srivastava, Jaya,Das, Alok,Soren, Khela Ram,Chaturvedi, Sushil Kumar,Nadarajan, Nagaswamy,Datta, Subhojit 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major food legume crops for the tropics and sub-tropical regions and is the main dietary protein source for vegetarians in developing countries. Besides several abiotic factors, its production is constrained by insect pests, as well as many fungal diseases. The success of any attempt to produce resistant varieties through genetic engineering to a large extent depends on the availability of efficient and reproducible regeneration and transformation procedures. Further, the transformation techniques can be more successfully applied if the ontogeny of shoot development is well understood. Ontogeny of shoot development from axillary meristem explants (AME) in chickpea has been studied with the optimization of conditions for high-frequency multiple shoot induction. Preculture of seeds in TDZ significantly enhances the frequency of multiple shoot induction from the explants. Ontogeny and early events of multiple shoot induction revealed direct adventitious origin of the shoots. The understanding of the regeneration process could be further utilized in the designing of efficient transformation methods.