http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
전자구개도(EPG)를 이용한 한국어 치경마찰음 /ㅅ, ㅆ/의 조음운동적 특성
김지영(Ji-Yeong Kim),우승탁(Seong-Tak Woo),김미진(Mi-Jin Kim),오다희(Da-Hee Oh),김수진(Su-Jin Kim),하지완(Ji-Wan Ha) 한국언어청각임상학회 2021 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.26 No.2
배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 전자구개도를 사용하여 한국어의 치경마찰음인 /ㅅ/와 /ㅆ/를 조음운동적 측면에서 비교 분석해보고, 치경마찰음 조음 시 나타나는 혀-구개 접촉에 관한 정보를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 시행되었다. 방법: 한국어가 모국어이며 발음에 문제가 없는 정상 성인 5명이 전자구개도를 착용하여 치경마찰음을 분절음 차원에서뿐 아니라 단어 내 위치 및 모음문맥을 달리하여 녹음한 후 팰라토그램을 분석하였다. 결과: 그 결과, /ㅅ/와 /ㅆ/는 협착의 너비와 혀-구개 최대접촉구간에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. /ㅆ/에서 협착의 너비가 더 좁고 전체 혀-구개 접촉구간은 더 넓게 나타났다. 단어 내 위치에 따른 차이는 유의하지 않았지만, 고모음인 /ㅣ/ 문맥에서는 저모음인 /ㅏ/에 비해 협착의 위치가 후방화되었으며, 지속시간도 가장 긴 것으로 나타났다. 또한 혀-구개 접촉 구간도 가장 넓게 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구는 전자구개도를 사용하여 한국어 치경마찰음의 혀와 구개 접촉에 관한 정보를 제공했다는 점에서 그 의의를 갖는다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 한국형 전자구개도의 개발의 기초자료로써 그 의미가 있다. Objectives: The present study is aimed an electropalatographic investigation of Korean fricatives /s/ and /s*/. All data from this study is based on the production of 5- adult speakers who speak Korean as their first language. Methods: Electropalatography (EPG) is an instrumental technique for showing tongue and palate contact during speech. The participants recorded /s/ and /s*/ in CV (/si/, /sɑ/, /su/, /s*i/, /s*ɑ/, /s*u/) and VCV (/ɑsi/, /ɑsɑ/, /ɑsu/, /ɑs*i/, /ɑs*ɑ/, /ɑs*u/) context using EPG and then, four variables were analyzed: row of medial groove (RMG), medial groove width (MGW), medial groove length (MGL), and maximum contact frame (MCF). Results: There was significantly greater medial groove width and maximum contact frame for / s*/ compared to /s/. The difference between /si/ and /sɑ/ was also found in the row of medial groove, medial groove width and maximum contact frame. /si/ was produced further back, and had a longer medial groove length. Also, it showed more total tongue-palate contact than /sa/. Conclusion: A various range of palatal contact patterns were found between typical adults for perceptually normal /s/ and /s*/. The results provided the information about tongue–palate pattern of Korean fricatives /s/ and /s*/. These findings would be utilized to build the basic data and useful information for Korean EPG system.
콩에서 발생하는 강낭콩일반모자이크바이러스(BCMV)와 땅콩위축바이러스(PSV)의 저항성 평가
이영훈, 윤영남, 강범규, 김현영, 최만수, 구성철, 김현태, 윤홍태, 이수헌, 백인열 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2
It has been reported several viral diseases in soybean. The occurrence of Bean common mosaic virus and Peanut stunt virus are able to induce severe problem because the main breeding target for viral disease was focused on Soybean mosaic virus. BCMV is a spcies of the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae. BCMV reduces yield by as much as 80% and also adversely affects seed quality in common bean. BCMV has a worldwide distribution because of its high rates 35% of transmission via seeds produced by plants systemically infected prior to bloom. PSV is a species of the genus Cucumovirus of the family Bromoviridae. PSV has been reported to be economically damaging on beans worldwide. Although the virus is reportedly seed transmissible at very low rates, infected plants rarely produce pods with normal viable seeds. The most satisfactory management method of viral diseases such as BCMV and PSV is the use of resistant cultivars and healthy seed. For the overcome of genetic resistance by new virus such as BCMV and PSV, virus diseases monitoring and researches need to study deeply and continually. In this study, we conducted the resistance screen on BCMV and PSV for selection of resistance cultivars. We inoculated on 128 cultivars with PSV and BCMV respectively. These cultivars were classified through pathogenic response such as resistance, necrosis and susceptibility. In addition, 99 and 66 resistant cultivars were confirmed against PSV and BCMV respectively.
Candida albicans菌의 生育을 抑制하는 韓藥材 探索에 關한 硏究
성연수,한영환,이태균 동국대학교 경주대학 1995 東國論集 Vol.14 No.-
Thirty-six medicinal herbs and 14 prescribed herb medicines which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat, and detoxication were screened for antifungal activity against Candida albicans which causing Leukorrhea. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of Hwangbaek (Phellodendron amurense) and Hwangkeum (Scutellaria baicalensis) were determined. The water-soluble extracts of Hwangyon (Coptis japonica), Hwangbaek (P. amurense), and Hwangkeum (S. baicalensis) showed antifungal activities against C. albicans. The water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of Hwangbaek (P. amurense) and Hwangkeum (S. baicalensis) showed antifungal activities. With the water-soluble extract of Hwangbaek (P. amurense) and Hwangkeum (S. baicalensis), minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against C. albicans were 10 and 20㎎/ml, respectively. With the ethanol-soluble ones of Hwangbaek (P. amurense) and Hwangkeum (S. baicalensis), MICs were 5 ㎎/ml and 10 ㎎/ml, respectively. The prescribed herb medicines, sambohwan, showed antifungal activity against C. albicans.
가정배경이 직업포부에 미치는 영향 : 가족 내 사회자본의 역할을 중심으로
신수영,김경근 안암교육학회 2012 한국교육학연구 Vol.18 No.1
본 연구에서는 한국교육개발원의 한국교육종단조사(KELS) 데이터를 사용하여 중학생의 직 업포부 결정요인을 분석하였다. 일반화된 위계적 선형모형(HGLM)을 사용한 분석 결과, 중 학생의 직업포부 형성에는 성별, 학업성취, 교육포부, 학업효능감 등이 중요한 역할을 수행 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 변수들 외에 하위직 직업포부의 형성에는 부모 학력과 부모 의 교육적 관여가 핵심 영향요인으로 작용하고 있는 반면, 상위직 직업포부는 가구소득과 부모의 기대의 영향을 받는 것으로 드러났다. 이 같은 연구결과를 통해 직업포부에 대한 가 정배경의 강력한 영향력을 재확인할 수 있었지만, 교육포부, 학업효능감, 그리고 부모의 기 대나 교육적 관여와 같은 가족 내 사회자본 등을 통한 개입의 여지는 남아 있는 것으로 보 인다. 단, 이러한 요인들 역시 가정배경의 영향으로부터 자유롭지는 못하기 때문에 계층 간 직업포부 격차를 완화하기 위한 정책대안을 모색할 때는 이 같은 한계가 적절히 감안될 필 요가 있다. This study examines the relationship between family background and occupational aspiration, using representative data for junior high school students from the 2005 Korean Education Longitudinal Study(KELS). As a result of Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models analysis, the authors found that student's gender, academic achievement, educational aspiration, and academic efficacy play an important role in shaping occupational aspiration of junior high school students. In addition to these variables, with those students having aspirations for a mid-level occupation as the reference group, parent's level of education and parental involvement in education were found to be statistically significant factors for students when deciding a low-level occupation. In contrast, family income and parental expectation were found to be deciding factors for students who aspire for a high-level occupation. The findings suggest that family background itself plays a major role in shaping the level of occupational aspiration. Meanwhile, there might remain some room for policy intervention through boosting educational aspiration, academic efficacy, and such social capital within family as parental expectation and parental involvement in education. Since these factors are not free from family background, however, this limitation should be properly taken into account when developing policy alternatives to bridge occupational aspiration gaps between social classes.
형식 규격어을 이용한 보안표준의 기술과 Strict Conformance Testing에 관한 연구
김기수,김영화,류재철 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.22 No.1
This paper represents the importance of using Formal Specification Language(FSL) in the security relevant standards and introduces the VDM-SL toolbox which is one of FSL tools. Also, Strict Conformance Testing(SCT) methodology is introduced to test the implementations of security standards. Finally, we show the necessity of FSL in testing of security standards.
김영아,강수태,강군중,오광수 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2003 농업생명과학연구 Vol.37 No.4
These studies were carried out to develop the low salt-fermented sea foods from ascidian. In present papers, we examined optimum processing conditions and quality improvement of the low salt-fermented ascidian. The optimum processing conditions of low salt-fermented ascidian was as followed. After deshelling and slicing a ascidian muscle in 5 mm width, and dipping in a 10% salt and 1% sodium erythorbate solution for 20 min. We dewatered it, and dipped it in 0.1% sodium bisulfite solution for 1 min, then added an anchovy sauce and rice gruel(1:1) mixture and finally fermented it at 5℃ for 15 days. The moisture and salinity contents of the low salt-fermented ascidian were 75.0~75.4% and 8.0 ~8.5%, respectively. During fermention at 5℃ for 20 days, amino-N contents of the low salt-fermented ascidian increased, and texture were softened gradually. The viable cell counts were 4.2~4.5×10^(4) CFU/g, and tended to decrease in the first stage during fermentation. The ratio of saturated fatty acids tended to increase in the early stage of fermentation, while that of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased slightly during fermentation. In the results of chemical experiments and sensory evaluation, dipping treatment in 1% sodium erythorbate solution and 0.1% sodium bisulfite solution showed a good color and prevention of browning in the low salt-fermented ascidian, and also adding anchovy sauce and rice gruel mixture improved the taste of it.
최수미,이긍호,최영철,박재홍 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.4
매복치는 인접치의 이동 및 치근흡수, 악궁의 공간상실, 치성낭종 형성, 부분맹출에 의한 감염, 전위맹출 등 여러 가지 합병증을 유발할 수 있다. 이를 방지하기 위해 매복치의 발육상태,모양,매복된 위치나 각도에 따라 발치, 외과적 노출 및 교정적 견인, 재위치 및 치아이식 등을 시행할 수 있다. 본 증례는 상악 좌측 중절치의 맹출장애를 주소로 본과에 내원한 환아로, 내원 당시 상악 좌측 중절치는 치조골 내에서 정상적인 맹출 경로를 이탈하여 역위 매복되어 있었다. 역위된 정도를 고려했을 때 외과적 견인 및 노출을 이용한 교정적 처치를 수행하기 보다는 재식시키는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단하였다. 치아를 발거하여 치근 부위의 치낭이 건점함을 확인하고 정상적인 치조와 내로 재식한 후 resin-wire splint로 1주일간 고정하였다. 치아의 생활력이 건전하고 치근형성이 미약하여 치수에 대한 처치는 하지 않았으며 그 후 일년 동안 주기적인 관찰을 시행하여 치근의 성장이 양호함을 확인하였다. 매복된 영구치의 매복된 위치나 각도가 정사 범주에서 지나치게 벗어나 예후가 불확실하더라도 무조건 발치하기보다는 환자와 보호자의 심리적인 면, 저작기능, 심미성 등을 고려하여 더욱 보존적인 시술을 하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Delayed eruption of a maxillary incisor results in midline shift, the space occupied by adjacent teeth and different levels of alveolar height. Extraction or surgical/orthodontic therapy is the most common treatment for a impacted maxillary incisor. Surgical repositioning provides another option for treatment of this problem. The advantages of this approach include immediate esthetic improvement, use of a single and simplified surgical procedure, simple and short orthodontic therapy, a normal gingival margin and the possibility of the developing root adapting to the new position. Autotransplantation of an immature tooth provides for possible adaptation of the developing root apex to the new position. A root whith an open apex has good chance of pulp revascularization after transplantation.