평면 후막형 이산화탄소 센서의 감지 특성

홍현석,박동섭,박진수,박종욱 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

한국 고등학교 학생들의 환경문제 및 환경교육에 대한 인식 연구

홍수미,성효현 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 이화환경연구 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to develop guiding priciples of the environment education in high school geography courses through the search for the consciousness of the matter of environment and environment education on the part of high school students. The method of questionaire is taken up for the inquiry. The subjects of this inquiry include 260 students in Seoul,the metropolice, 150 students in an industrial city, Incheon, 60 in a small and medium sized city, Choon-chun, and 60 in a farming community. The investigation into the consciousness of environment iclude the degree of environmental interest, the degree of virtual contamination in the inhabited regions, general knowledge of environment, and the policy of environment. The investigation into the environment education comprises general environment education, environment education in geography class, teaching methods in environment education, and thepractice of environment education and the preservation of environment. The guides at which should be aimed in environment education in every situations and geography class are as follows. At first, the environment education should be done, with the awarness of respective regional aspects; the awarness of virtual degree of contamination and the cause of environmental pollution vary in every situation. Secondly, despite of high awarness of the degree of interest in the matter of environment and environment education, the degree of awarness of term, representing the amount of environmental pollution, and of the government's policy toward environment is somewhat low. The majority become aware of the necessity of environment preservation and the environment-related information chiefly by mean of mass media, so the reinforcement of environment education toward these area is required through formal environmental education. Thirdly, the students emphasize on active participation in theactivities, in which are at the formation of the pleasant environment. In view of their inactive participation in environment preservation at home and in and out their campuses after school, the greatest emphasis should be put on the practical aspects of life with ecological understanidng of relationship between human and environment for the purpose of practice of environment education in every day life. Fourth, the current curriculum should be shifted from the emphasis on individual phenomenon and individual cases to those of multiple phenomena and materials dealing with common environmental issues. The field of study in class should be emphasized not only their own inhabitation areas but also other areas, which will help enhance the abilites to think in a comprehensive way and to make their decisions in a reasonable way. Finally, the use of multimedia including photographs, maps, tables, and statistic data, is required in environment education in geographic class, in addition to these, the use of a variety of audio-visual aids and a variety of new teaching method are recommended.

Cyclic Loading Test of Structural Walls with Small Openings

Hyun-Jin Yu,Su-Min Kang,Hong-Gun Park,정란 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.6

This study aimed to investigate the effects of small openings on the structural performance of reinforced-concrete(RC) structural walls. Cyclic lateral loading tests were conducted on five RC walls with an aspect ratio of 2.6 and small openings. The main test parameter was the size of the small openings. The specimens were designed to fail after flexural yielding, considering the typical failure mode of slender RC walls. The structural performances of the test specimens were analyzed based on the test results in terms of the load-carrying capacity (flexural strength), hysteretic behavior, strain distribution, and the size of the openings. The specimens showed flexural yielding regardless of the size of the openings, and the flexural strength and deformation capacity were not significantly affected by the small openings. This result indicates that small openings do not affect the flexural behavior of slender walls if the walls have sufficient shear resistance and the small openings are located away from the extreme compressive end and in the compression zone where compressive stress does not decrease.

수학교과 수준별 교수-학습 자료에서 MathML과 XSLT의 활용

홍은표,이수현 한국수학교육학회 2003 수학교육 Vol.42 No.5

In this paper, we propose an authoring methodology of differentiated instruction-learning materials in mathematics course using MathML and XSLT, and give utilizing suggestions of these materials as differentiated textbook and individual learning. Incorporation MathML into instruction-learning materials, there are many advantages such that view of the materials in web browser is improved since mathematical expressions are compatible with text, and an expression can be modified in more convenient way since the expression is represented in text format not an image. In authoring of differentiated materials, the author provides one document for various levels of materials is generated from the document via XSLT transformation. This enables author-driven progress control rather than student-driven which does in previous approaches, since students don't need to select components of the material.

제주해협의 해류와 월별 유량변화

노홍길,방익찬,김상현,현경훈,김준택,양영진,홍창수 제주대학교 해양연구소 1997 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.21 No.-

Currents are measured in the Straits of Cheju by detecting surface buoy tracks and mooring current meters in 1996-1997. As a result, north-eastward currents are decteted in the Straits of Cheju all the year round, which is weak in spring and strong in summer and fall. Average speeds of 20 cm/s to the east. 7 cm/s to the north and 22 cm/s to the north-east appeared in the surface. Currents are fast in the middle of the strait and slow near Cheju Island. East-west components of the currents are about 3 times faster than the north-south ones. Also. it is shown that surface buoys released within the distance of 6 miles away from Cheju do not drift out of the Straits of Cheju because of tongue-like warm waters appeared in the eastern entrance of the strait. Volume transports calculated by geostrophic calculation are shown to be 0.05-0.2 Sv in winter and 0.4-0.5 Sv in summer.

Dynamic Programming을 이용한 상호인증 경로기반 인증서 검증 기술 개발

김홍석,이민수,박세현 중앙대학교 정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.2

본 논문은 국가간 상호인증 경로 기반 인증서 검증에서 인증 정책의 연결 상태를 효율적으로 검증하는 소프트웨어 개발에 대해 논하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 소프트웨어의 핵심모듈인 "valid policy set"은 ITU-T및 IETF 표준을 준수한다. 본 연구에서 제안된 "동적배열"은 자원 관리 및 계산량에 있어서 보다 효율적인 정책 연결 과정을 제공한다. 그러므로, 제안된 동적 배열 모듈을 이용함으로써 이질적인 파라미터 값을 갖는 정책의 연결 관리를 고속으로 구현할 수 있다. This paper presents a software development which efficiently verifies policy mappings based on the mutual path validation among different CAs. The developed core module,"valid policy set" observes the ITU-T and IETF path validation standards. A policy mapping sequence based on "the dynamic array" we have proposed provides the efficiency in the viewpoints of computational cost and resource management. Therefore,the proposed dynamic array accelerates administrating a valid policy set combined with heterogeneous policy parameters.

국내 조혈모세포이식 환자에서 Human Cytomegalovirus gB 유전형의 분포와 질환과의 연관성 : 예비 보고

최수미,김진희,이동건,박선희,최정현,유진홍,박철민,이종욱,민우성,황응수,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.2

목적 : 사람 거대세포바이러스(Human cytomegalovirus, 이하 HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB)는 UL55 유전자에 의해 부호화되는 당단백으로, UL55 유전자의 염기서열변화에 따라 4가지 유전형으로 나뉜다. 본 연구에서는 국내 조혈모세포이식 환자들에서 HCMV gB 유전형의 분포와 그 특성을 알아보고, gB 유전형에 따라 특정 HCMV 질환 발생과 연관이 있는지 그 임상적 의미를 분석해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 동종 조혈모세포이식 환자 52명의 혈액검체 94개에 대해, Chou 등이 제시한 방법에 따라, 먼저 UL55 유전자 부위를 nested PCR로 증폭한 후, RsaI과HinfI으로 Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : gB type 1은 73.1% (38/52), gB type 2는 13.5%(7/52), gB type 3는 1.9% (1/52), gB type 1과 type 2에 의한 혼합감염은 9.6% (5/52)로 나타났다. gB type 4는 관찰되지 않았다. 1명(1.9%)에서 gB 유전형을 결정할 수 없었는데, RFLP 패턴으로 보아 Trincado 등이 제시한 gB type 7에 해당하는 것으로 생각되었고, 이 새로운 아형에 대해서는 현재 염기서열 분석 중이다. 52명 중 5명(9.6%)에서 HCMV 질환이 발생하였고, 3명에서 HCMV 폐렴, 1명에서 망막염과 위장관염, 나머지 1명에서 망막염이 발생하였다. 5명 중 HCMV 질환과 관련하여 사망한 예는 없었고, 감염된 HCMV는 모두 gB type 1이었다. HCMV gB유전형과 HCMV 질환 발생 사이에 유의한 연관성은 없었고, 단일 주에 의한 감염과 혼합감염에 따른 HCMV 질환발생 사이에도 유의한 연관성은 관찰되지 않았다. 자료 분석 중 gB type 2에 감염되어 있던 환자에서 gB type 1에 재감염 되면서 발열, 간효소 수치 상승 및 pp65 HCMV 항원혈증이 나타난 예가 있었다. 결론 : 연구결과 gB type 1이 아주 우세하고, gB type 4는 검출되지 않았으며, 혼합감염의 빈도가 비교적 낮은 분포를 보였다. 이는 외국의 보고와는 다른 국내 조혈모세포이식 환자에서의 독톡한 감염 양상으로 추정된다. 본 연구에서 HCMV gB 유전형과 질환 발생과의 연관성을 밝힐 수는 없었으나, HCMV 유전형에 대한 연구는 바이러스 감염의 발병기전이나 전파 경로 및 양식과 같은 역학적 연구에 중요한 자료가 될 것이다. 현재 더 많은 수의 조혈모세포이식 환자를 대상으로 연구가 진행 중에 있으며, 앞으로 다른 질환군의 환자나 건강한 잠복 감염자에서의 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) is the major envelope glycoprotein, encoded by the UL55 gene. Based on sequence variation in the UL55 gene, HCMV can be classified into four gB genotypes. Previous studies have suggested an association between HCMV gB genotypes and clinical outcome in the immunocompromised hosts. The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of HCMV gB genotypes and the effect of gB genotype in the developement of HCMV diseases in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients in Korea. Materials and Methods : DNA was extracted from 94 blood specimen of 52 allogeneic HSCT recipients with HCMV infection. HCMV gB genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction to amplify a region of UL55, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis based on RsaI and HinfI digestion. Results : The distribution of gB types were as follows: gB1, 73.1% (38/52) of patients; gB2, 13.5% (7/52); gB3, 1.9% (1/52) and mixed infection (gB1 and gB2), 9.6% (5/52). While gB4 was not detected, a new genotype (described as gB7 by Trincado et al, 2000) was identified on the basis of their RFLP pattern. During average 708 days’ follow up period, HCMV diseases developed in 5 patients. All of them had gB1 genotype. There was no statistically significant association between the incidence of HCMV diseases and the gB genotypes. Re-infection with gB1 strain was detected in one patient who had been previously infected with gB2. This episode was associated with fever, elevated liver enzyme and positive antigenemia. Conclusion : HCMV gB1 was the dominant genotype and no gB4 was detected in allogeneic HSCT recipients in Korea, which is an unique pattern compared with the previous reports. Although we can not find significant association between the HCMV diseases and the gB genotypes, genotyping of HCMV will serve in the study of pathogenesis and transmission of this virus in transplant patients. Further study is underway with large study population.

국내 혈액질환 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염의 구제치료로서 Caspofungin의 효과와 안전성

최수미,박선희,이동건,최정현,유진홍,민우성,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.5

목적 : 본 연구에서는 국내 혈액질환 환자들에서 일차 항진균제를 부작용으로 인해 투여할 수 없거나, 일차 항진균제에 반응이 없는 침습성 진균 감염증의 구제치료로서 caspofungin의 효과와 이상반응에 대한 임상 경험을 소개하고, 예후인자를 분석해 보았다. 재료 및 방법 : Caspofungin은 첫날 70 mg, 이틀째 부터 50 mg을 하루 일회 투여하였고, caspofungin 종료시 그리고 종료 4주 후 반응을 평가하였다. 결과 : 총 55명의 환자가 분석에 포함되었고, 남자 32명, 여자 23명, 평균 나이는 38.2세(16-65세)였다. 기저 질환은 급성 백혈병 33명, 골수이형성 증후군 12명, 만성 백혈병 3명, 기타 7명이었다. 진균 감염은 확진 1명, 가능 5명, 추정 47명, 불확실 2명이었고, 감염 장소는 폐를 침범한 경우가 49명, 파종감염 6명이었다. 전체적으로 41.8% 환자에서 양호한 반응을 보였으며, 치료군, 치료후 기저질환의 상태, 침습성 진균 감염 진단시 호중구 감소증 여부, 스테로이드 등 면역억제제 사용 여부가 유의한 예후인자였다. 약제관련 이상반응은 14.5%에서 관찰되었고, 발열, 피부 발진, 간기능 저하 등으로 나타났다. 이중 4명에서 이상반응과 관련하여 투약을 중지하였고, 약제 중단 후 증상은 모두 호전되었다. Caspofungin 관련 신독성은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : Caspofungin은 국내 혈액질환 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염증의 구제치료에 효과적으로 안전하게 사용될 수 있겠다. 최근 여러 항진균제들이 개발되어 임상에 도입되고 있는 바, 항진균 작용 범위, 독성, 약역동학적 특성, 비용-효과면 등을 고려하여 환자별로 직절한 항진균제를 선택하도록 해야 할 것이다. Background : Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancy. Patients with IFI who fail to standard therapy have poor prognoses. We investigated the efficacy and safety of caspofungin (CAS) in Korean adults with hematologic diseases and IFI who did not respond to the conventional antifungal therapy. Materials and Methods : Patients with IFI refractory or intolerant to standard antifungal therapy received CAS 50 mg IV daily after 70 mg loading dose on day 1. Efficacy and safety of CAS were assessed in patients who received more than one dose. Favorable response [complete (CR) or partial (PR)] was defined as significant improvement of all clinical symptoms, signs, and radiologic abnormalities. Results : From Feb. 2004 to Feb. 2005, 55 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. There were 32 male and 23 female patients with mean age of 38.2 years (range, 16-65). Underlying diseases were acute leukemia (33 cases), myelodysplastic syndrome (12 cases), chronic myelogenous leukemia (3 cases), and other hematologic diseases (7 cases). Thirty-six patients were receiving chemotherapy and 13 patients were under hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The number of proven, probable, possible, and indeterminate IFI cases was 1, 5, 47, and 2, respectively. Conventional amphotericin B, intravenous itraconazole, and liposomal amphotericin B were administered for average of 14.9 days prior to administering CAS. Mean duration of CAS therapy was 12.8 days (range, 1-45). Twenty-three patients (41.8%) showed favorable responses (CR : PR=8 : 15) at the end of CAS therapy. Chemotherapy group, neutropenic state, remitted state of underlying disease, and no steroid therapy were significant prognostic factors for favorable response. Eight (14.5%) patients developed drug-related adverse events such as fever, skin eruption, and hepatic dysfunction which were reversible after discontinuation of CAS. Drug-related nephrotoxicity was not observed. Conclusion : On the basis of our investigation, CAS was effective and safe as a salvage therapy of refractory IFI or as an alternative for patients intolerant to standard antifungal agents.

유색미에 관한 연구 : Ⅲ. 유색미 유망계통에 대한 주요 생육 특성

김광수,최윤표,김선택,최현구,정종태,김보경,유지홍,이희봉 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

국내외 유색미 수집종을 돌연변이원에 의해 유기된 우수 계통과 수집종간 상호교배에 의해 선발된 CNU 20계통을 파종하여 얻어진 주요 작물학적 특성을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 1. 간장은 유색 메벼인 CNU126 계통이 대조품종인 동진벼와 같이 가장 컸고 메성인 CNU 128계통에서 가장 작았다. 2. 주당 분얼수는 CNU3, CNU50. CNU56, CNU112 계통에서 가장 많았고 대조품종과 CNU 128 계통에서 10개 미만으로 가장 적게 나타났다. 3. 수장은 육성 계통 중 CNU88 계통에서 가장 길었으나 대조구보다 짧고, 육성계통 중에서는 CNU 126 계통이 가장 짧았다. 4. 주당 영화수는 대조구인 동진벼보다 CNU50 계통에서 2배 이상 많았고, CNU158 계통에서 가장 적게 나타났다. 5. 천립중은 CNU113 계통에서 30g이상으로 대조구와 같이 가장 무거웠고, CNU128 계통에서 20g으로 가장 적었다. 6. 주당 수량은 대조구의 26.6g에 비해 CNU50, CNU112 계통에서 두배정도 높았고, CNU128, CNU158, CNU200 계통에서 가장 낮게 타나났다. Aims of this study were carried out to develop the useful lines induced from mutation and pedigree breeding methods among the collected genetic resources from national and domestic areas. In this study, Stem height of CNU126 line and check among them were high, while CNU128 was lower than other lines. Spiklet length of CNU88 was longer, but that of CNU126 was shorter than check. Number of spiklets per plant of CNU50 among lines have twice time than check. 1,000 grains weight of CNU113 was higher than check. In yield per plant, CNU50 and CNU112 were higher than check, Dongjinbyeo.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 발생한 Cytomegalovirus 질환의 특징 : 일개 대학변원에서 최근 10년간의 경험

최수미,이동건,박선희,김시현,김유진,민창기,김희제,이석,최정현,유진홍,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.1

Background : Studies on cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases in Korean hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are lacking and do not reflect the recent trends of advances and changes. Therefore, we tried to analyze the clinical features of CMV diseases in HSCT recipients over the past 10 years at a tertiary university hospital in Korea. Methods : Retrospective review of medical records was done for all adult HSCT patients who received transplant at the Catholic HSCT Center from January 1998 to January 2008. Results : Forty-four cases (2.2%) of CMV diseases were identified. CMV pneumonia was diagnosed in 17 patients, retinitis in 16 patients, enterocolitis in 7 patients, esophagitis 1 patient, gastritis in 1 patient, duodenitis in 1 patient, and hepatitis in 1 patient. The median onset of symptom was 90 days after transplantation. Late CMV diseases accounted for 47.7%. CMV related death varied from 0 to 58.8% according to the involved organ. CMV retinitis was diagnosed relatively later in the course of transplantation mostly in patients who had chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). On the contrary, CMV enterocolitis mainly occurred in patients who suffered from acute GVHD. The overall concurrent CMV reactivation was documented to be 63.6%: the concurrent CMV reactivation was observed only in 37.5% of patients with retinitis. Conclusions : We observed some differences in the pattern of CMV disease manifestation according to the involved organ and reconfirmed the fact that CMV pneumonia is the most common and fatal disease in HSCT recipients. Additionally, CMV retinitis was not uncommon in HSCT recipients. Since specific marker does not exist in predicting retinitis, regular ocular examination should be done thoroughly, especially in patients with chronic GVHD.