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The Flowering of Optimality Theory: Ponapean Nasal Substituion and the Problem of Intermediate Forms
Stuart Davis 한국음운론학회 2000 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.6 No.2
Davis, Stuart. 2000. The Flowering of Optimality Theory: Ponapean Nasal Substitution and the Problem of Intermediate Forms. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6.2. 249-305. One of the challenges that has confronted Optimality Theory resides in Phenomena that seem to require reference to an intennediate fonn that is neither the underlying input nor some actual occurring output. Typically, in rule-based phonology, such phenomeana reflect opaque rule interaction involving counterfeeding or counterbleeding relationships. In order to account for such pheneomena in Optimality Theory, McCarthy(1997) Proposes that an Optimality-theoretic grammar can permit candidate-to-candidate faithfulness. In this paper I show that the incorporation of candidate-to-candidate faithfulness allows for an insightful analysis of the different patterns of nasal substitution found in reduplication and suffixation in Ponapean. The analysis offered here avoids the shortcomings of previous analyses, accurately captures the generalization as to when nasal substitution occurs, and offers striking evidence for the nature of opacity in Optimality Theory independent of rule-based notions like counterfeeding and counterbleeding. (Indiana University)
Stuart Coulson 한국유체기계학회 2019 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.12 No.1
In 29<SUP>th</SUP> IAHR symposium in Kyoto 2018, Mr. Coulson gave a lecture entitled “Changes in Hydro Turbine Design -The Last 40 Years, and into The Future -” Recent runner design trends were overviewed. Future turbine techniques were also introduced.