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Electrical characterization of single GaN nanowires
Stern, E,Cheng, G,Cimpoiasu, E,Klie, R,Guthrie, S,Klemic, J,Kretzschmar, I,Steinlauf, E,Turner-Evans, D,Broomfield, E,Hyland, J,Koudelka, R,Boone, T,Young, M,Sanders, A,Munden, R,Lee, T,Routenberg, D IOP Pub 2005 Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.12
<P>In this paper a statistically significant study of 1096 individual GaN nanowire (NW) devices is presented. We have correlated the effects of changing growth parameters for hot-wall chemically-vapour-deposited (HW-CVD) NWs fabricated via the vapour–liquid–solid mechanism. We first describe an optical lithographic method for creating Ohmic contacts to NW field effect transistors with both top and bottom electrostatic gates to characterize carrier density and mobility. Multiprobe measurements show that carrier modulation occurs in the channel and is not a contact effect. We then show that NW fabrication runs with nominally identical growth parameters yield similar electrical results across sample populations of >50 devices. By systematically altering the growth parameters we were able to decrease the average carrier concentration for these as-grown GaN NWs ∼10-fold, from 2.29 × 10<SUP>20</SUP> to 2.45 × 10<SUP>19</SUP> cm<SUP>−3</SUP>, and successfully elucidate the parameters that exert the strongest influence on wire quality. Furthermore, this study shows that nitrogen vacancies, and not oxygen impurities, are the dominant intrinsic dopant in HW-CVD GaN NWs.</P>
A Mid-IR Selected Changing-look Quasar and Physical Scenarios for Abrupt AGN Fading
Stern, Daniel,McKernan, Barry,Graham, Matthew J.,Ford, K. E. S.,Ross, Nicholas P.,Meisner, Aaron M.,Assef, Roberto J.,Baloković,, Mislav,Brightman, Murray,Dey, Arjun,Drake, Andrew,Djorgovski, S. American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.864 No.1
Stern, Ludmila 이화여자대학교 통역번역연구소 2012 T&I review Vol.2 No.-
It is widely accepted that ‘quality of interpreting is closely linked to the conditions under which interpreters are expected to work’ (Hale 2011). This article examines and compares working conditions provided by domestic and international courts to enable interpreters’professional operations. Interpreting requirements include courtroom design that enables satisfactory acoustics and visibility, the provision of a dedicated preparation and work place, as well as conditions that include fatigue prevention and other aspects necessary for competent performance. The article shows that satisfactory terms of employment and working conditions in international courts (ICTY, ICC etc.) are in stark contrast to those in domestic courts (mainly in the common law English-speaking countries, and some civil law countries), and that very few domestic courts provide adequate working conditions for interpreters.
Identification of high-risk subjects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Christiane Stern,Laurent Castera 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.-
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common liver disease worldwide, and its burden is expected to increase due to the growing epidemic of obesity and diabetes. The key challenge among NAFLD patients is to identify those with advanced fibrosis (F3F4), who are at high risk of developing complications and will benefit from specialized management and treatment with new pharmacotherapies when they are approved. Liver biopsy appears unrealistic and unsuitable in practice, given the large number of high-risk patients and its well-known limitations. Non-invasive sequential algorithms using fibrosis-4 index as first-line test, followed by vibration-controlled transient elastography or patented blood test, are the best strategy for case finding of high-risk subjects. In fact, they are now recommended by several international guidelines, and should be used and disseminated to increase awareness among physicians beyond liver clinics where most NAFLD patients are seen.