POLICE REFORM IN A LATE-IMPERIAL CHINESE CITY : CHENGDU, 1902-1911 (QING DYNASTY)

STAPLETON, KRISTIN EILEEN Harvard University 1993 해외박사

Bulky aluminum scavengers and nickel iminophosphonamide catalysts in coordination polymerization of olefins

Stapleton, Russell A The University of Akron 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Sterically hindered scavengers. The development of bulky scavengers for olefin polymerization has led us to study the hydrolysis of MeAl(OAr')2 (Ar' =2,6-di tBu-4-Me-phenyl). We have found that water selectively binds to MeAl(OAr ')2 in THF solution, resulting in a stable aquo complex (1) at low temperatures. The decomposition of 1 at 5°C in THF-d8 showed selective elimination of MOH as the major product (k5 = 2.4 x 10-4 s -1) while competitively dissociating water (k4 = 7.1 x 10-5 s-1). Subsequent rapid, but secondary formation of CH4, additional Ar' OH, and an aluminoxane (XAl)4O3(OH)2 (X = Me or OAr') were also observed. Ar' OH is expected to deactivate active catalysts such as [Cp2ZrMe][MeB(C 6F5)3)]. We have observed the reaction of Ar 'OH and [Cp2ZrMe][MeB(C6F5) 3)] to yield [Cp2ZrOAr'][MeB(C 6F5)3)] (2) (k = 2.3 x 10 -3 M-1 s-1), which is far slower than the rate of ethylene reaction. We have shown that mixtures of [(C6H5)C][B(C 6F5)4)] and MeAl(OAr') 2 result in the polymerization of MeAl(OAr') 2 and partial loss of activator. A modified scavenger MeAl(OAr ″)2 (Ar″ = 2,4,6-tri- tBu-phenyl) dramatically suppressed rates of scavenger and activator reaction. Nickel PN2 four-membered chalate catalysts. Based on the four-membered iminophosphimide (PN2) ligand chelate design, three PN2Ni allyl complexes were synthesized: (TMS 2N)(sigma-C3H5)P(N-TMS)2Ni(eta 3-C3H5) (4), Ph2P(N-TMS) 2Ni(eta3-C3H5) (5), Ph2P(N-TMS)2Ni(eta3-C3H 5) (6). Contacting these pure allyl complexes with ethylene showed no polymer formation. Polymerizations were successfully conducted through Ni(COD)2 and (TMS2N)P(=NTMS)2 (3), and showed formation of polymer with a unique branched structure. To confirm that PN 2NiR complexes are active for the formation of uniquely structured polyolefins, the (Ph2P(NTMS)2)NiPh(PPh3) (7) complex was synthesized and contacted with the PPh3 scavengers such as AlMe3, B(C6F5)3, Ni(COD) 2, and Rh(acac)(C2H4)2. The use of Rh(acac)(C2H4)2 as a PPh3 scavenger produced an active polymerization catalyst with an activity of 120 g PE/mol Ni h at 20°C, 250 psig ethylene, and [Ni] = 77 mM. The polymer produced has a similar structure to those generated through the in situ reaction of Ni(COD)2 and 3, proving that a PN 2NiR complex is capable of making uniquely branched polymer. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Negotiating nationalism: Scottish dance in post-Culloden literature

Stapleton, Anne McKee The University of Iowa 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

“Negotiating Nationalism” traces the ephemeral art of dance and the diverse literary forms in which it appeared in the decades following the Battle of Culloden. The Hanoverian defeat of Prince Charles Stuart and his Scottish supporters eradicated the Jacobite party forever and provoked draconian measures designed to obliterate Highland culture. However, the failure to paralyze Scottish culture and national expression became evident as hundreds of Scottish dances and tunes burgeoned forth, transcending oppression and linguistical differences within the “United Kingdom.” Late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century literary works reveal the complicated role of Scottish social dancing as an outwardly conforming, covertly subversive, expression of Scottish nationalism. Drawing connections among theories of nationalism, literary analysis, and dance performance, I examine the intertextual relationships between dance and literature. Chapter One first explores the Tullochgorum as a pivotal example of the strathspey—a Scottish musical and dance form which became a malleable literary device and flexible trope of Scottish expression. I then analyze the strathspey in poems by eighteenth-century poets including Robert Burns, Robert Fergusson, Caroline Nairne, Anne Grant, and Alexander Campbell. Turning to social dance as a lively cultural practice, Chapter Two scrutinizes rhetorical strategies employed and ideologies implicit in the codification of Scottish dance in early nineteenth-century dance manuals. Because they theorize and control the individual dancing body and collective social body, manuals provide intriguing subtexts of British nationalist rhetoric. Chapters Three and Four examine the rise and fall of “Scotch novels” as dance becomes a site of narrative transformation and character study of regional differences. While women novelists such as Christian Isobel Johnstone, Amelia Beauclerc, Rosalia St. Clair, and Susan Ferrier add a feminized dimension to nationalist debates, male novelists such as Walter Scott, David Carey, and Felix M'Donogh uphold a more traditional view. As Sarah Green's novelistic satire and contemporary reviews reveal, however, anxiety over national identification in “Scotch novels” eventually counterbalanced their popularity. By 1830, “Scotch novels” had become subsumed into a broader British rubric. The imbrication of popular Scottish genres ultimately discloses that dance and the literary works in which it appeared significantly influenced discussions of Scottish identity.

The analysis of adhesively bonded advanced composite joints using joint finite elements

Stapleton, Scott E University of Michigan 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

The design and sizing of adhesively bonded joints has always been a major bottleneck in the design of composite vehicles. Dense finite element (FE) meshes are required to capture the full behavior of a joint numerically, but these dense meshes are impractical in vehicle-scale models where a course mesh is more desirable to make quick assessments and comparisons of different joint geometries. Analytical models are often helpful in sizing, but difficulties arise in coupling these models with full-vehicle FE models. Therefore, a joint FE was created which can be used within structural FE models to make quick assessments of bonded composite joints. The shape functions of the joint FE were found by solving the governing equations for a structural model for a joint. By analytically determining the shape functions of the joint FE, the complex joint behavior can be captured with very few elements. This joint FE was modified and used to consider adhesives with functionally graded material properties to reduce the peel stress concentrations located near adherend discontinuities. Several practical concerns impede the actual use of such adhesives. These include increased manufacturing complications, alterations to the grading due to adhesive flow during manufacturing, and whether changing the loading conditions significantly impact the effectiveness of the grading. An analytical study is conducted to address these three concerns. Furthermore, proof-of-concept testing is conducted to show the potential advantages of functionally graded adhesives. In this study, grading is achieved by strategically placing glass beads within the adhesive layer at different densities along the joint. Furthermore, the capability to model non-linear adhesive constitutive behavior with large rotations was developed, and progressive failure of the adhesive was modeled by re-meshing the joint as the adhesive fails. Results predicted using the joint FE was compared with experimental results for various joint configurations, including double cantilever beam and single lap joints.

Assimilation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by the common carp

Stapleton, Heather M University of Maryland, College Park 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) are anthropogenic compounds applied to numerous types of plastics, textiles, and electronic equipment to retard the outbreak of fire. BDEs are similar in structure and in their physicochemical properties to the renowned contaminants polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). While there is much information available on the accumulation and metabolism of PCBs by aquatic organisms, little information is available for BDEs. Several field investigations have observed a very low accumulation of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 99) in tissues of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Dodder et al., 2002; Hale et al., 2001; Rice et al., 2002). To investigate this unusual observation, juvenile common carp were exposed daily in the laboratory to a mixture of BDE congeners in their food to assess the bioaccumulation potential of BDEs based upon measurements of uptake rates, assimilation efficiencies and depuration rates. As a positive control, three PCB congeners of similar log Kow values were included in the mixture. Of all the BIDE and PCB congeners in the mixture, the most rapid uptake and assimilation was observed for BIDE 47, which displayed an apparent assimilation efficiency of 93 +/- 10%. All three PCB congeners averaged 40% assimilation while 2,4,4 '-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE 28) and 2,2',4,4 ',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 153) displayed assimilation efficiencies of 20 and 4% respectively. BIDE 99 was not assimilated at all throughout the exposure. The lack of BDE 99 accumulation and the high assimilation of BDE 47 within carp tissues implicated debromination of BIDE 99 to BDE 47 within carp tissues. To investigate the possibility of debromination, several additional studies were conducted in which juvenile carp were exposed to food spiked solely with either BDE 99, BIDE 183 or BIDE 209 at rates ranging from 100 to 940 ng/day. Results indicated that there was significant and rapid debromination of all three of these congeners within the intestinal tract of common carp and implicated either intestinal microflora or endogenous enzyme systems in this metabolism. Meta-substituted bromine atoms are preferentially cleaved from the BDE congeners, which implicates deiodinase enzymes in the debromination process.

The Strategic Consequences of Military Quagmires: An Examination of War-weariness Theory

Stapleton, Bradford Ian University of California, Los Angeles 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this dissertation is to develop an improved theoretical understanding of how enduring a military quagmire is likely to influence a state's subsequent conflict decisions. Building upon previous scholarship on war-weariness and foreign policy learning, I have conducted comparative case studies examining how the Korean, Vietnam, and Soviet-Afghan wars affected the propensities of the United States and Soviet Union to use military force in the aftermath of each respective conflict. Those case studies suggest that quagmires typically generate competing impulses within societies. They increase many individuals' inclination to resolve international disputes through diplomacy rather than military force. At the same time, however, such conflicts often compel others to reassert their country's power and determination to combat threats to its interests. Which of those impulses predominates depends upon the strategic and political context of specific crises. Quagmires are thus likely to exert marginal influence over states' decisions on whether to use military force. Moreover, that influence is not unidirectional. Such conflicts are likely to diminish states' inclination to intervene in peripheral, intra-state conflicts. At the same time, however, quagmires may often increase those same states' propensity to combat acts of international aggression---particularly those that threaten vital interests. Even in cases in which states are compelled to use military force, however, a recent quagmire is likely to influence how they do so. To allay public concerns that new hostilities could devolve into another quagmire, leaders will be more likely to combat security threats with proxy forces and standoff strike capabilities in lieu of ground troops.

Engineered Biomaterials for Therapeutic Optimization of Cardiovascular Interventions

Stapleton, Lyndsay Mariah ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Stanford Universit 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Claude Debussy's Nocturnes Arranged for String Orchestra

Stapleton, Samuel Jack ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

Having been a great admirer of music from the French Impressionist period for the past quarter century, I chose to address what I see to be a dearth in Impressionist repertoire for string orchestra. Thus, my DMA essay project is to create a string orchestra arrangement of Claude Debussy's Nocturnes (L.91), a three-movement piece originally composed for full orchestra. Widely considered to rank among Prelude a l'apres-midi d'un faune and La Mer in the upper echelon of Debussy's orchestral works, my transfigured Nocturnes will provide string orchestras the opportunity to perform such a work. Many academic institutions are too small to field a full orchestra, and this arrangement makes a great pedagogical tool to approach and present this type of music. Lack of repertoire from this period is a definite deficiency for a diverse collegiate string orchestra program, and it is my hope that this project will help to fill that void.

Place-Based Social-Ecological Inquiry in Urban Green Stormwater Infrastructure Systems: A Comparison of Ecological and Social Outcomes in Three Portland Neighborhoods

Stapleton, Elizabeth Elle ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Oreg 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

With the anticipated escalation in extreme weather events due to climate change, urban areas are increasingly managing stormwater through the use of green infrastructure, designed facilities which share an emphasis on the use of soil and plants to store and infiltrate stormwater. In addition to its primary hydrologic functions, green infrastructure is recognized for its multifunctionality in providing numerous bioecological and sociocultural benefits. In this context, in addition to serving as functional hydrological amenities, green infrastructure networks can be interpreted as “social-ecological systems,” systems of integrated human-environment relationships which are both adaptive and complex.There is a growing recognition in both natural science and social science disciplines that the most pressing challenges of the 21st century involve both social and biophysical elements as well as their interactions. To address the intertwined challenges of creating socially and environmentally just and ecologically resilient contemporary cities, planners, policymakers, and designers must increasingly consider the ecological and social outcomes of their decisions as a complexly integrated whole. “Place-based” modes of inquiry have emerged across disciplines out of a recognition of the critical importance of understanding unique contextual factors in both knowledge acquisition and application. This integrated understanding of physical conditions, contextual variation, and human experience have made place-based approaches an appealing mode of inquiry in the study of human-environment relationships.This dissertation uses Portland, Oregon’s network of publicly managed streetside green infrastructure facilities (Green Streets) to demonstrate how social and ecological processes co-create urban ecosystems and to explore how policy and design shape these emergent social-ecological systems. I center three neighborhood communities in both ecological and social examinations, using the concept of place to inform both social and ecological study design. In employing a place-based approach to the study of urban green infrastructure landscapes, this dissertation both advocates for the critical role of place-based methods in landscape architecture research and asserts their particular utility for exploring the complexity of human-environment relationships in interdisciplinary landscape studies.

A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fish Oil (Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid) on Lung and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Acute Lung Injury

Stapleton, Renee Doney University of Washington 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA), O-3 fatty acids in fish oil, are anti-inflammatory and may improve outcomes in acute lung injury (ALI), but fish oil has only been tested in ALI patients in a commercial enteral formula containing additional nutrients. We conducted a phase II randomized controlled trial to determine if enteral fish oil reduced pulmonary and systemic inflammation in patients with ALI. Mechanically ventilated ALI patients ≥ 18 years were recruited from 4 North American centers. Subjects were randomized within 48 hours of ALI onset to receive enteral fish oil (9.75g EPA and 6.75g DHA per day) or saline placebo for up to 14 days. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were collected at baseline (day 0), day 4+/-1, and day 8+/-1. The primary endpoint was BALF interleukin(IL)-8 levels. Forty-one participants were randomized to fish oil and 49 to placebo. Enteral fish oil significantly increased serum EPA concentration (p<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the change in BALF IL-8 from baseline to day 4 (p=0.37) or day 8 (p=0.55) between the two groups. Changes in LTB 4 from baseline to day 4 were significantly different in both BALF (p=0.04) and plasma (p=0.002), with LTB4 increasing in the fish oil group and decreasing in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in other BALF or plasma biomarkers. At 60 days, 77.5% and 75.6% of the fish oil and placebo group, respectively, were alive (p=0.96 by logrank test). ICU length of stay (11.9+10.6 vs. 17.4+14.8 days, p=0.04) and duration of mechanical ventilation (8.6+/-9.9 vs. 12.9+/-12.2 days, p=0.07) were decreased in the fish oil group, but when these were analyzed as ICU-free and ventilator-free days, no significant differences were found. Severe adverse events were not significantly different. In conclusion, this trial did not demonstrate a clear decrease in markers of pulmonary or systemic inflammation in patients with ALI, and the results do not support the conduct of a larger clinical trial.