변형규칙과 의미작용 : 부정사보문을 중심으로

이순열 연세대학교 영어영문학과 1977 영어영문학연구 Vol.4 No.-

영어의 보문(complement)은 that절, 혹은 의문사 whether, what, why, how 등이 이끄는 절, 그리고 for·to, poss-ing의 구로서 표면에 나타난다 이러한 보문의 의미론적 통사론적 특성은 보편성을 지니고 있어 인간의 언어능력을 규명하려는 변형문법의 목적에 이바지하는 바 크기 때문에, 이의 연구는 변형문법 체계 안에서 가장 많은 발전을 해온 주제 중의 하나다.Rosenbaum(1967)이 종래문법이 기술(description)에만 그치고 정당화(justification)를 외면한 점을 지적하면서 전반적인 보문 연구를 한 이래, Kiparsky 부부(1971)는 보문을 보는 눈에 큰 변화를 일으켰다 그것은 통사현상에 대한 의미의 도입이었다 의미론이 대두된 이유는 이것이 변형규칙의 통사기능에 많은 설명력을 부가시키기 때문이다. 예를 들어,(1) * I regret Mary to be ill (2) I believe Mary to be intelligent (3) * John is significant to accomplish even more (4) John appears to be rich (1)과 (2), (3)과 (4)는 같은 통사구조를 가지는데 왜 (1)과 (3)은 비문법적인가의 문제가 대두될 때 Rosenbaum의 체계로서는 설명할 수 없었다. 그러나 상위술부(matrix predicate) ‘regret’, ‘significant’는 보문을 전제하며1) ‘believe’와 ‘appear’는 보문을 전제하지 않는 의미론적 차이를 보이며 이 의미작용이 통사현상 부정사의 도출(derivation)에 영향을 미친 결과 그 문법성의 대조가 일어난다. ①, ②에서와 같이 상위문이 부정되어도 보문의 사실은 부정되지 못하는 경우 상위술부는 보문을 ‘전제’한다고 한다 이 논리 개념을 보문연구에 도입한 것은 Kiparsky 부부(1971)가 처음이다.

고주파 해저면 반사손실의 주파수 종속성 측정

박순식,최지웅,윤관섭,나정열 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2002 이학기술연구지 Vol.5 No.-

During the last several decades, although there have been lots of efforts to develope the high-frequency bottom reflection loss model, the frequency dependence of bottom loss was not considered in most cases because the sea bottom was assumed to be generally much smoother and lower gradient than the sea surface. However, if the sea bottom is rougher than acoustic wavelength, the scattered field will be increased and the reflected field will be decreased. In this paper, the high-frequency bottom reflection losses were obtained through the measurement of reflected waves from the artificially-made-flat sandy bottom. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the forward loss model of Mourad & Jackson. Conseouently, we suggest the frequency dependence of bottom reflection loss. 기존 해저면 반사손실 모델들은 해저면을 해수면에 비해 거칠기와 경사도가 매우 평탄하거나 완만한 경계면으로 가정하므로 주파수에 따른변화를 고려하지 않거나 미약하다고 가정하였다. 그러나 고주파를 사용하는 소오나 시스템의 경우, 음파의 파장에 비해 해저면이 거칠다면 음파는 산란 영향이 증가하게 되므로 상대적으로 반사손실 또한 증가하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 임의로 모의된 사질 성분의 해저면에서 수십 ㎑ 이상의 고주파들을 사용하여 주파수별 반사손실을 계산하고, 이를 기존의 해저면 반사손실 모델과 비교하였으며, 해저면 반사손실의 주파수 종속성을 제시하고자 한다.

島嶼敎育 計劃을 爲한 調査硏究 : 沃溝郡 島嶼地域을 中心으로 For the islanders of Okku-kun,Chunpuk

吉基烈,申鐵淳 群山敎育大學 1968 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

1. Introduction We have done this survey in order to find out the problems for improving the planning of the islanders' education. In this survey, we tried to study the actual conditions and problems of the island communities and schools. We used the method of the observation, the interview, the questionnaire, and the analysis of documentary data. We have done the survey from August 10, 1968 to August 25, 1968 with the 31 students of Kunsan Teachers' college. The result of the survey is as follows, Ⅱ. Result of survey 1. The actual condition and problems of the island communities 1) Geographical condition of islands There are 11 inhabited islands and 32 uninhabited islands, total 43 islands. These island are located in the range of 126˚15' to 126˚34' East Longitude and 35˚40' to 36˚10' North Latitude. These islands are the west direction from Kunsan. 2) Population and occupation The population of the island is 9,506 (male-4,704, female-4,803) and the number of the households is 1,466 according to the census of december 1966. most of the islanders are engaged in fishery 50%, and the others are engaged in the farming, the commerce and the liberal profession. It is a great problem that they can not earn their livings with their main occupations whole year around. About 65% of the inhabitants are half unemployed because of the defect of fishery funds and the need of the farmers' side lines in their leisure seasons. 3) Area of the farm and necessary cereal The area of the farm is 992.79ha and the yield of rice and other cereal a year is about 5,512.78hl. The necessary total amount of rice and other cereal a year is 7,316.87hl, and they have to purchase the needed cereal about 1,480hl from the land every year. 4) Traffic condition The traffic between the land and the islands is accomplished by a passenger boat 45t built by the budget of the government and that of the county on March, 1963. And it is able to connect between the land and islands only twice a month. The Board of Education built a boat 30t for the supervision of the island schools. But the islanders need to improve the traffic conditions of their community. 5) Religion In these islands, the majority of at least 80% of the inhabitants still believe in the primitive Shamanism, 12% of them Christianity, 5% of them Buddhism, and 3% of them others. As the shamanism flourishes remarkably in these islands, most of their customs are superstitious. It is one of the problems which we have to break down in order to improve ways of their life. 6) Standards of living The inhabitants' income is less than 60% of the national income of 1968. And their livings are so poor that about 86% cf them live on miscellaneous cereal such as burley and potatoes without rice the whole year around. The fact suggests that most of the children are under the malnutrition. 7) Point of view of life The point of view of life has been influenced by Confucianism for a long period. According to the Survey, we can see the characteristic point of view of life. For example, they have the point of view of predominance of man over woman. And most of them want to have their children as follows : four sons and two daughters. The fact suggests that they do not believe the idea of the equality of man and woman and the idea of respect of human beings. 8) Collective shape of the island communities The collective shape of the community is the natural village and village community. The trait of the consciousness of the inhabitants is closing and competitive to others. And the Agricultural-Cooperative-Union and the Fishery-Cooperative-Union can not accomplish their services. 9) Local patriotism Most of the islanders 60% have no local patriotism and they want to remove to the land. The reasons are as follows : 1. Their economic conditions are poor. 2. They think the fishery and farming in the islands are not the desirable occupations for promoting their living standards. 3. There are no secondary schools for the education of their children. 4. In the island, it is difficult to get the necessaries of life. 10) Concern with their children's education Most of the parents 80% want to teach their children elementary school course because of their economic difficulties, 15% junior high school, 5% senior high schooi, and few college education. The fact suggests that their living standards are low and they have no abilities to support their children. 2. Actual condition and problems of the island school education There are 8 schools and 9 branch schools in these island communities. The school population is 26% of all island population. There are 55 classes, and 59 teachers. The average number of the pupils for a school is 147 and the average number of the teachers for a school is 3. Most of the classes are multiple-grade-type-classes. According to the above statements, we can find out the following educational problems. 1) Teachers' absence from school Most of the teachers are often absent from the school because of inconvenience of traffic and lodging houses. It is one of the problems to be solved for improving the island education. 2) Personnel administration and morale of teachers In the personnel administration, a regulation for the teachers decided to rotate every teacher in Okku-kun to serve in a island school for a year, but for the school principals is not decided. It is a very serious problem of the island education that the changes of teachers are frequently in force. But contrarily, teachers whish to frequent changes, because they can go back to the land soon. It is necessary to improve the island education and to raise moral of the teachers at the same time in the personnel administration. In order to achieve the two objects at the same time, it is desirable to pay the teachers better island regional allowance in comparision with the present system. 3) School facilities and teaching materials. Most of the schools have no essential facilities for elementary education. They must improve the conditions of facilities, school plants, school grounds, and teaching materials and so on. According to the survey, 7 schools out of 17 schools have organs for their music education. It is one of the serious problems of the island education, and we must try to solve immediately. 4) Curriculum organization and teaching method All the teaching activities are accomplished by the multiple - grade - type system. One teacher teaches two or three classes in a class room at the same time. According to the above statements, teachers have many problems in curriculum planning, organizing, and teaching. In order to improve the teaching method of the education, we must do the in-service-education and special educational researches for the island education continually. And the educational administrators must try to solve those problems continually, too. 5. School public relation Most of the parents and islanders are not cooperative for the school education. The reason are as follows : they are under the difficulties of economic status and the schools have not helped the community people improve their lives. It is necessary to improve the school public relation in order to improve the island education and island peoples life by increasing citizen understanding of educational needs and practices and encouraging intelligent citizen interest and cooperation in the work of improving school, and by opening the school and school facilities to the island adult education and social education. Ⅲ. Conclusion As the above statement, there are many problems in the island communities and school. In the following, we are going to suggest the methods of improving the planning of the islanders' education briefly. 1. To do the planning of the island education specially, and to carry it into effect. 2. To establish a pre-service education course and in-service-education course for the island education. 3. To help the teacher keep in the balance of his life by paying better island regional allowance according to the special system. 4. To rotate the teacher to serve in a island at least for two or three years. 5. To open the island schoolsand school facilities for the island adult education and social education.

Hand Ball 競技에 있어서의 Shoot에 대한 分析

朴淳哲,孫泰烈 成均館大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to analysis of the shooting tendency in distance, angle, and form in Hand Ball game. Subjects To this end, the resercher has selected 35 games from the participating teams including 9 teams of male college, 9 teams of Female college……, and 8 teams of male high school, 9 teams of female. high school in the 60th National Sports Festival Hand-Ball Came held in Dae-Jun October 1979. Methods The researcher of this study classify the measurement into the following categories; 1. Distsnction of the Shooting Distance 2. Distinction of the Shooting Angle 3. Distinction of the Shooting Form Results The Results May Summarized as Follows; 1. The times of shooting; Male College 746 Female college 654 Male High School 597 Female High School 429 2. The Point rate of the shooting; Male College 47.31% Female College 45.56% Male High School 46.90% Female High School 42.65% 3. The point rate of the penalty-throw; Victoried Game's M. 72% Defeated Game's M. 55%

성격장애 진단준거목록의 타당도 연구

황순택,정재홍,조연규,오동렬,김창현,양병환 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1999 精神健康硏究 Vol.18 No.-

장소 주어(locative subject)와 전치사구

이순열 신한영미어문학회 1997 새한영어영문학 Vol.38 No.-

Category based syntax defines 'subject' as a derivational notion from the categorial information, [NP, S]. But English has PP subjects. Conventional case theory does not solve the counterexample. This paper aims to explain locative subject PP with a model of grammar in which the thematic, structural, and functional levels of language are parallel information structures of very different formal character, linked by partial stuctural correspondences(LFG). In summary, there are two types of locative PP(1,2) (1) Under the chair is a nice place for the cat to sleep. (2) In the corner is a lamp. They have the same argument structure, <theme, locative>. 'Locative' is mapped into SUBJ and its categorial realization is Under the chair in (1). It contrasts with In the corner in (2), which is ICOMP linked by TOPIC, corresponding to locative. This contrast explains why their syntactic behavior is different(3, 4). (3) a. Is Under the chair a nice place for the cat to sleep. b. Under the chair is a nice place for the cat to sleep, isn't it? (4) a. *Is in the corner a lamp b. In the corner is a lamp, isn't there(*it)? An theoretical implication from this analysis is that discourse functions such as TOPIC, SPECIFIC must be related to the argument structure. From this we can conclude that (5) a is locative-TOPIC, (5) b is theme-SPECIFIC, and (5) c is theme-NONSPECIFIC. (5) a. In the corner is a lamp. b. A lamp is in the corner. c. There is a lamp in the corner.

결속 조응어와 한국어 재귀사

이순열 新羅大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.33 No.1

This paper examines the notion of anaphor used in the GB theory, discusses the definitional problems, and proposes an analysis of Korean '자신' and English reflexives, with two features, [anaphoric] based on its relation to antecedent in the sentence and [reflexive] defined as the relation of two arguments on the level of predicate-argument structure. It is shown that the distribution of English reflexives, a type of lexical anaphor in GB theory, can be more adequately described in English morphology of universal semantics than in binding theory, because it is morphologically limited and semantically motivated. In spite of the fact that the notion of GB anaphor is based on morphologically limited English reflexives, the anaphor has been applied to most theoretical approaches to phenomenon of Korean '자신' and it has been translated into '자신' as its corresponding form. But Korean '자신' does not have the same value as English reflexives. For example, '죤은 자신이 똑똑하다고 생각한다.' is translated into 'John thinks that he is clever.' This means that Korean '자신' is ambiguous, [+relexive] and [-reflxive]. In conclusion, While modes of anaphoric expression are different, they could be described universally with the features of [anaphoric] and [reflexive] definded in this paper. [+reflexive] should have an antecedent in the same clsuse. [-reflexive, +anaphoric] should have an antecedent beyond the clause. [-anaphoric] depends on lexical and syntactic characteristics of a particular language.

半導體를 利用한 冷却方式

朴淳烈 釜山工業大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

국부불연속 단면을 갖는 직교이방성 박판요소의 좌굴에 관한 연구

李菜城,尹順鍾,尹鍾烈 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1997 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

As a modern material, fibers are embedded in surrounding matrix materials and unidirectionally reinforced to form orthotropic fiber-reinforced plastic materials. Desirable material characteristics such as corrosion resistance, light weight, high specific strength and stiffness make this material an alternative construction materials. For effective use of such materials, the stability of various orthotropic structural shapes composed of thin plates need to be analyzed. Generally, the buckling behavior of thin plates with a cutout at the center has been limited to empirical studies and finite element analyses. A general formulation for the buckling behavior for this case is studied. Theoretical buckling analyses of plates with a hole at the center is investigated. The geometric complexity of the problem prohibits derivation of closed-form solutions from the equilibrium equations. Thus energy principles and the assumed displacement shapes are used to consider the effects of the cutout on buckling. On all edges, the boundary conditions are assumed to be simply supported with uniformly distributed stress. Experiments are based on rectangular box specimens. The results from finite element analyses and experiments are used to evaluate the validity of the theoretical results where theoretical results are concluded to be sound.

영지(Ganoderma lucidum)균사체의 액체배양에 의한 세포외 수용성 다당류의 분획 및 항암활성

이신영,강태수,문순옥,류인덕,이명열 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.4

영지 균사체의 액체배양에 의하여 생산된 세포외 다당 시료를 분획하였고, 이들 각 분획에 대한 항암 활성을 균사체 유래 다당 분획들과 비교하면서 조사하였다. 배양여액으로부터 세포외 수용성 다당(BWS)을 얻었고, 이를 순차적으로 이온교환 및 겔 크로마토그라피 하여 BWS를 포함한 세포의 수용성 다당 분획, 총 5종을 얻었으며, 균사체 유래의 수용성 다당(MWS)에서도 세포외 다당과 동일한 방법으로 분획하여 총 5종의 분획을 얻어 대조구로 시용하였다. 세포외 다당 시료들의 항보체 활성(ITCH_50, %)은 15~30% 정도로 15~70%인 균사체 유래 다당 분획들의 값보다는 낮았으나, 이들 세포외 다당 분획들의 값보다는 낮았으나, 이들 세포외 다당 분획들중, BWS-DA와 BWS-DA-GI는 1000 ㎍/ml의 시료 농도에서 30% 정도의 매우 높은 활성을 나타내었다. MTT assay에서는 mouse leukemia L1210에 대하여 BWS-DN 및 MWS가 600㎍/ml의 농도에서 각각 86 및 89%의 높은 저해율을 나타내었으며, BWS-DA 및 MWS-DN의 경우는 3㎍/ml의 매우 낮은 농도에서도 32~35%의 저해율을 보였다. 또 human cell line인 COLO-205에 대해서는 BWS와 BWS-DA 및 MWS-DA가, 그리고 HL-60에 대해서는 BWS-DA와 BWS-DN 및 MWS-DN이 각각 300㎍/ml의 시료 농도에서 약 50%(IC_50)의 높은 저해능을 나타내었다. Exo-polysaccharide (BWS) obtained from submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium was fractionated. Antitumor activity of their fractions was investigated in comparison with the mycelial polysaccharide fractions. Eight kinds (BWS-DN, BWS-DA, BWS-DN-GI, BWS-DA-GI, MWS-DN, MWS-DA, MWS-DN-GI and MWS-DA-GI) of polysaccharide fractions were obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel chromatography from BWS and MWS, which were isolated from culture fluid and mycelial cell, respectively. The anticomplementary activities (ITCH_50, %) of the exo-polysaccharide fractions showing 15% to 30% were lower than those of mycelial polysaccharide fractions showing 15% to 70%. The acidic fractions of BWS-DA and BWS-DA-GI fractionated from BWS, showed the highest activity of 30%. In the MTT assay, BWS-DN and MWS against mouse leukenia L1210 exhibited high inhibition ratio of 86 and 89%, respectively at the concentration of 600 ㎍/ml. High inhibition ratio of 50% (IC_50) was achieved for BWS, BWS-DA and MWS-DA fractions against human colon adenocarcinoma COLO-205 and for BWS-DN, and MWS-DN fractions against human leukemia HL-60 at the concentration of 300 ㎍/ml among the six polysaccharide fractions, respectively.