325 MHz 이동통신용 집중소자 Y형 서큘레이터의 설계

고연수,성원모,최학근 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1997 신소재 Vol.7 No.-

본 논문에서는 325 MHz 이동통신 기지국에 사용되는 집중소자 Y형 서큘레이터를 해석하고, 기존의 복잡한 수식을 통하여 설계하는 방법 대신 도표를 사용해 설계하는 간단한 설계방법을 제시하였다. 그리고, 실제 설계 제작하여 측정결과와 해석결과를 서로 비교 분석하였다. 설계방법은 % 대역폭과 페라이트 사이의 스트립선로의 고유인덕턴스 그리고 페라이트의 포화자화량과의 관계로부터 내부자계의 세기를 결정한 후 이로부터 입력 어드미턴스를 구해 외부의 정합회로를 결정하는 설계방법으로 전개하였다. 해석은 페라이트의 텐서투자율의 성분 μ와 k가 복소함수가 아니라고 가정하고(무손실이라고 하고), 정합회로까지 모두 고려한 등가회로에서 제 3포트를 격리포트로 하여 고유치 해석방법을 적용하여 손실 및 임피던스 그리고 산란행렬 고유치의 위상을 구하였다. 그리고, 이러한 해석방법으로부터 중심주파수 325 MHz에서 %대역폭, 포화자화량, 스트립선로의 고유인덕턴스와 내부자계의 관계를 밝혀서 도표로 제시함으로써 서큘레이터의 설계에 이용할 수 있게 하였다. 실제 제작된 서큘레이터는 중심주파수 325 MHz에서 반사손실이 -31dB, 아이솔레이션이 -32dB, 삽입손실이 -0.219dB로 나타내며, 해석을 통하여 얻은 결과와 거의 유사함을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, a new design method of Iumped-element Y circulator for 325 MHz mobile communication is proposed and the analysis results compared with the measured results. To develop the new design method, internal magnetic field intensity is derived from &bandwidth, characteristic inductance of stripline between two ferrites and saturation magnetization of ferrite to get the input admittance of circulator to obtain the external matching network. The analysis of circulator was based on the assuming that the circulator was lossless and the third port of its equivalent circuit was isolated, and the impedance and phase of scattering coefficient was calculated through the eigenvalues analysis. From this analysis, the relation among %bandwidth, saturation magnetization, characteristic inductance of stripline and internal magnetic field was found and the diagram for the design was suggested. Experimental results of fabricated circulator represent -31dB return loss. -32dB isolation and -0.219dB insertion loss at the center frequency 325MHz and support the theoretical prediction.

Ion Deposition 方法으로 成長시킨 轉移金屬表面의 Auger電子分光 分析

朴東秀,李元植,崔永奎 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

An efficient versatile ion spurrering apparatus was designed and constructed. The source produces ion beams of noble gas such as Ar^+ ion in the ion energy range from a few electron volts to several kiloelectron volts with high current density. The ion beam size was controlled as 1 mm and up to a few mm in diameter. The source has been successfully applied to both the sputtering deposition of thin fils of Al, Ag, and Mo on the SiO_2 substrates and the cleaning of metal surfaces. The deposition rates were 15A~50A/min. Auger electron spectra for Al, Ag, and Mo thin film deposited by present apparatus were obtained. They showed excellent characteristic properties of deposition modes such as the augular dependence and and the localization.

Auger 電子分光에 의한 Ni-Cu, Cu-Ag 表面의 附着硏究

朴東秀,金裕榮,李元植 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1980 硏究報告 Vol.8 No.-

Adhesion for various metals Ni-Cu-Ag after friction was measured in high vacuum chamber. Surfaces were examined with Auger-Electron-Spectroscopy in∼10_-10 torr before and after contact to determine nature of surface changes resulting from adhesive contact. Surfaces were cleaned by standard process and electrical heating for friction and AES studies. Thus, from the experimental results, it should be possible to predict which of two surfaces in contact will undergo attrition. We can see that adhesion depends on elastic moduli, surface energy, heat of sublimation, melting point and cohesive strength.

입원 남성 및 여성 알코올리즘 환자의 인구학적, 임상적 및 인격적 특성비교

정원후,김성부,장기용,손진욱,박철수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

저자들은 1996년 5월 1일부터 1996년 7월 15일까지 부산·경남·대구 소재의 대형정신병원과 종합병원에 입원해 있는 여성 알코올리즘을 대상으로 하고, 또한 같은 기간에 국립부곡정신병원에 입원한 남성 알코올리즘을 비교군으로 해서 사회인구학적 특성, 음주양상, 음주와 관련된 문제점, 성격 및 정신병리등을 비교하여 남녀 알코올리즘에서의 원인과 임상적 특성에서의 차이점을 알고자해서 본 연구를 하게 되었다. 저자들이 작성한 반구조화된 설문지, MAST(Michigan alcoholism screening test). Zung의 SAS(Self-rating anxiety scale)과 SDS(Self-rating depression scale). MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), SCL-90-R(Symptom checklist-90-revision) 및 EPQ(Eysenck personality questionnaire)등의 검사도구를 이용하였고, 그 결과를 독립표본 t-test(independent-samples t-test)와 χ²-test로 검정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 여성 알코올리즘에서 남성 알코올리즘보다 더 낮은 교육 수준을 보였으며 초등학교수준 이하가 52.4%를 차지하였다. 반면에 남성 알코올리즘에서는 중학교·고등학교 수준이 76.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 2) 여성 알코올리즘에서 형제들 중에서 더 낮은 서열을 보였으며 세째딸이 1/3로 가장 많았고 다음이 외동딸로써 23.8%를 차지하였다. 반면 남성 알코올리즘에서는 장남이 46.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 3) 여성 알코올리즘이 사회경제적 수준에서 더 낮았다(p〈0,01). 4) 여성 알코올리즘의 음주시작동기는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적, 심리적 갈등이나 다른 정신적인 문제, 가족들과의 갈등 등이 비슷하게 많았다. 그러나 남성 알코올리즘에서는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적으로 음주하는 경우가 절대적으로 많았다.(p〈0.05). 5) 처음으로 음주를 시작한 연령은 여성 알코올리즘보다는 남성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 어린 연령에서 시작하였다.(p〈0.001). 6) 1일 평균 음주량은 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 적었다.(p〈0.01). 7) 금단증상경험, 알코올성 신체장애 및 음주로 인한 법적 처벌경험도 남성 알코올리즘보다는 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 낮았다.(p〈0.05). 8) SCL-90-R에서 PSY척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘군에서 더 높았고, EPQ에서는 L척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘이 더 높았다(p〈0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구는 심리적 요인과 사회적 요인이 남녀 알코올리즘간에서 많은 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 여성 알코올리즘의 원인에는 심리적 또는 사회인구학적 요인이 더 밀접하게 연관이 되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objective : This study was designed to compare the characteristics of demographic data, clinical features, and personality in male and female alcoholics and to identify the clinically meaningful differences in the etiologies and the clinical features between the two groups. Methods : The study group was composed of 30 males and 21 females who were recruited into the impatient treatment. The researchers used self-reporting questionnaire composed of demographic data and drinking patterns, Michigan alcoholism screening test(MAST), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) of Zung, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), symptom Checklist-90-revision(SCL-90-R), and Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ). The differences between the two groups were tested by chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. Result : 1) Education level of the female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05) and the birth order the female alcoholics was significantly higher than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 2) The level of socioeconomic status of female alcoholics was significantly lower than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 3) The initial motivations of female alcoholics were mainly due to social, psychological, and intrafamilial problems while those of male alcoholics were due to social problems. There were significant difference between the two groups(p〈0.05). 4) The onset of initial drinking in female alcoholics was significantly earlier than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.001). 5) The average amount of daily drinking in female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 6) Withdrawal symptoms, physical disorder, and social or legal problems induced by alcohol drinking in female alcoholics were significantly less than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 7) The mean scores of PSY scale of SCL90R and of L scale of EPQ in female alcoholics were significantly higher than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). Conclusion : Demographic and psychosocial factors differed to a significant degree between male and female alcoholism. We suggest that these factors are more important in female alcoholism than in male one in the etiologies and the clinical features. These differences are due to more complex factors rather than simple ones, thus the further evaluations are needed to elucidate the differences in the etiologies between male and female alcoholism.

비복근건 부분절단술을 통한 종아리성형술

박원진,이태희,신명수 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

A muscular calf is esthetically unappealing in Asian women. Treatment by liposuction alone has poroven to be difficult due to a small amount of fat. We established a new method of transecting half of the gastrocnemius tendon in order to improve the contour of the calf. Thirty-five patients were operated on during the past 3 years. The medial or lateral half of the gastrocnemius tendon was cut using an endoscopic-guided 3M AGEE blade through a 1cm-sized incision. The portion of the muscle above the site of the transection was elevated from the underlying soleus muscles. We checked the calf circumference and evaluated the clinical results at 6 months postoperatively. An average 10% reduction in calf circumfernce was measured, showing a significant esthetic improvement. There were no significant changes in gait analysis or in the Cybex test. There were no specific complications related to the procedure. Through our clinical experience in 35 cases, we were able to prove that tenotomy is a effective, simple and easy method without severe morbidity.

실온에서 Al-SiO_2-Si(100)_p형 계의 경계면 반응

박동수,손기수,이원식,박봉두 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1985 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

실온에서 알루미늄 산화층(SiO_2)-반도체〔Si(100)_p형〕 소자의 경계면 반응을 Ar^+이온 sputter총을 부착한 AES로 수행했다. SiO_2-Si 경계면은 Si-Si 결합, Si-O 결합의 두 가지 상태를 갖고 있으며, 경계면 넓이는 약 30Å였다. Al-SiO_2-Si 반도체 소자의 경계면 반응은 SiO_2 속의 자유 실리콘이 알루미늄 표면으로 확산되고, 알루미늄과 SiO_2 경계면에 대량의 자유 실리콘이 존재한다. Al-interfacial layer(SiO_2)-semiconductor Si(100)_p-type structures were investigated by the Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The results of depth profiling Ar^+ -ion sputtering are presented for the SiO_2-Si(100)_p-type cell. In the interface, Silicon exists in only two distinct bonding states: Si-Si or Si-O bonding. The exact width of the interface is known as indefinite, but here we estimate it approximately 30Å. The results of depth profiling Ar^+ -ion sputtering are also presented for the Al-SiO_2-Si(100)_p-type cell. Metal(Si) atoms from deposited interfacial oxide layer were observed on the Al surface. The interfacial reaction takes place between Al and the interfacial layer at the room temperature. The diffusion of metal(Si) atoms from the interfacial layer towards the Al surface is suspected to play a role in degradation effect in the MIS solar cells.

느린 多價 Ar 이온 생산을 위한 새로운 장치 고안

박동수,이의완,이원식 慶北大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

New apparatus of producing highly charged slow Ar ions by bombarding Ar^4+ ions with a 42MeV and 10nA on the 10^-4 Torr. Ar target is designed. We have a complete discussion of the design considerations and the detailed testing of the apparatus. Single collision conditions are attained at a sufficiently low pressure where P_i becomes constant. Secondary Ar ion current of producing by collision between Ar^4+ ions with a 20MeV and 10nA and 10^-4 Torr Ar target is about 1.77×10 exp (-11) amperes.

半導體 PbS 薄膜의 活性化硏究

朴東秀,孫基洙,李元植 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

Auger electron spectroscopy has been used in conjunction with argon ion sputtering in a study of the chemical structure of the surface, bulk and interface region between chemical deposited PbS and the glass substrate, thermally oxidated PbS and the glass substrate and thermally oxidated PbS and the SiO_2. All these PbS films were activated by means of oxidation in various conditions. In the result of the present study, we showed that our experiments are coincidence with theroretical mechanism "minority-carrier model" of photoconductivity of PbS film. The principal features in the Auger electron of a complex spectra from a SiO_2, carbide and graphite surface are presented. They occurred when some of the electrons involved in this Auger process are valence electrons. It was found that these complex spectra serve as a fingerprint for the identification of the form of the carbon, oxygen at surface. We found the chemical structure of the surface, bulk and interface of a 1-2μ PbS chemical deposited on SiO_2 and simultaneous activation effect of SiO_2-PbS interface.

半導體 PbS 薄膜의 活性化硏究

朴東秀,孫基洙,李元植 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1984 硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

Auger electron spectroscopy has been used in conjunction with argon ion sputtering in a study of the chemical structure of the surface, bulk and interface region between chemical deposited PbS and the glass substrate, thermally oxidated PbS and the glass substrate and thermally oxidated PbS and the SiO_2. All these PbS films were activated by means of oxidation in various conditions. In the result of the present study, we showed that our experiments are coincidence with theoretical mechanism "minority-carrier model" of photoconductivity of PbS film. The principal features in the Auger electron of a complex spectra from a SiO_2, carbide and graphite surface are presented. They occured when some of the electrons involved in this Auger process are valence electrons. It was found that these complex spectra serve as a fingerprint for the identification of the form of the carbon, oxygen at surfaces. We found the chemical structure of the surface, bulk and interface of a 1-2μ PbS chemical deposited on SiO_2 and simultaneous activation effect of SiO_2-PbS interface.

肝吸蟲에 대한 Albendazole의 殺蟲效果에 관한 實驗的 硏究

裵平元,金洙鎭,林漢鍾 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.3

Newly developed albendazole(zentel®) is a broad spectrum anthelmintic which high activity against intestinal nematodas as well as trematodes and cesstodes infections. The present study was undertaken to evaluato in vitro and in vivo activities of albendazoles against adult worms of clonorchis sinensis. The morphological change of C. sinensis obtained from experimentally infected rats treated with various dosages of albendazole were studied by means of scaning and transmission electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. The adult worms of C. sinensis were incubated in the medium containing albendazole with various concentrations. By 24 hours after incubation, none of the worms were dead in concentrations of 0.01μg/ml of albendazole. 2. In order to evaluate the effect of albendazole in vivo, experimentally infected rats with 50 metacencariae of C. sinensis each were treated orally with various dosages of albendazole. In the result, anthelmintic effect was confirmed at the dosage of albendazole with 2×25㎎/㎏×2 days (total amounts 100㎎/㎏). 3. Macrocopital examination was to the clonorchis worms which were collected from the bile ducts of the rats autopsied at 24 hours after treatment with albendazole. The lack of intestinal contents was observed in most of worms from the groups treated with 1×200 ㎎/㎏ and 2×25 ㎎/㎏×2 or 4 days, and the elongation of the anterior portion of the worm body was also observed n the worms from the groups treated with 2×25 ㎎/㎏×2 or 4 days. 4. In the scanning electron microscopic observation, many blebs were fromed on the surface of the damaged tegument of the worms at 24 huors after treatment with albendazole(1×200 ㎎/㎏ and 2×25 ㎎/㎏×2 or days). 5. The transmissions electron microscopic observation indicated that degeneration of mitochonriae and destruction of tegumental syncytium of the worms at 24 hours after treatment with albendazole(1×200 ㎎/㎏ and 2×25㎎/㎏ or 4 days). Inaddition to the findings the degeneration of the intestinal lamellae in the caeca was also observed in the worms from the groups treated with same dosages of albendazole.