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Bae, Soo Hyeon,Park, Jung Bae,Zheng, Yu Fen,Jang, Min Jung,Kim, Sun Ok,Kim, Jeom Yong,Yoo, Young Hyo,Yoon, Kee Dong,Oh, Euichaul,Bae, Soo Kyung Taylor & Francis 2014 Xenobiotica Vol.44 No.12
<P><OL><LI><P>BST204, a purified ginseng dry extract containing a high concentration of racemic Rh2 and Rg3 mixtures, is being developed for supportive care use in cancer patients in Korea. This study investigates the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of BST204 in rats.</P></LI><LI><P>After oral administration of BST204, only the <I>S</I> epimers, S-Rh2 and S-Rg3, could be determined in rat plasma. The poor absorption of the <I>R</I>-epimers, R-Rh2 and R-Rg3, may be attributed to lower membrane permeability and extensive intestinal oxygenation and/or deglycosylation into metabolites. The AUC and <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> values of both S-Rh2 and S-Rg3 after BST204 oral administration were proportional to the administered BST204 doses ranged from 400 mg/kg to 2000 mg/kg, which suggested linear pharmacokinetic properties.</P></LI><LI><P>There were no statistically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of S-Rh2 and S-Rg3 after oral administration of pure S-Rh2 (31.5 mg/kg) and S-Rg3 (68 mg/kg) compared with oral administration of BST204, 1000 mg/kg. These indicated that the presence of other components of BST204 extract did not influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of S-Rh2 and S-Rg3.</P></LI><LI><P>After oral dosing of BST204, S-Rh2 and S-Rg3 were distributed mainly to the liver and gastrointestinal tract in rats.</P></LI><LI><P>Our finding may help to understand pharmacokinetic characteristics of S-Rh2, R-Rh2, S-Rg3, and R-Rg3, comprehensively, and provide useful information in clinical application of BST204.</P></LI></OL></P>
Endobronchial Dilatation and Mitomycin-C in Post Tuberculosis Bronchial Stenosis
( Wong Soo Fen ),( Sangeta Vadivelu ),( Jamalul Azizi Abdul Rahaman ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-
Background Endobronchial stenosis post pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) posts a significant morbidity. It needs high suspicion as some patients may only be symptomatic months after completed antitubercolous treatment (ATT). We report a case of post TB tracheobronchial stenosis with successful endobronchial balloon dilatation (EBD). Case Report 22-year-old lady with smear positive PTB in 2018, completed 6 months of standard ATT. A few months later, she started to have intermittent cough and wheezing. She had multiple visits to healthcare facilities but was treated as asthma. CXR showed trachea deviated to right and right middle lobe collapse. CECT thorax showed tapering of distal trachea 1.9cm from carina with smallest diameter 0.5cm; marked luminal narrowing of proximal right main bronchus (RMB) about 1.4cm in length, 0.3cm in diameter. Total collapsed of right middle lobe. PTB workout was negative. We performed rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia. Mid trachea was distorted with fibrotic band at lateral wall and stenotic 6mm in diameter. RMB was severely stenotic. Serial RMB dilatation performed with CRE balloon until 10mm. Mitomycin C 0.4mg/ml was applied over mid trachea and RMB. All distal secretion aspirated. Post procedure, her CXR showed resolved RML collapse and trachea back to normal position. She was discharged well the following day. Conclusion Endobronchial balloon dilatation (EBD) is a less invasive but effective method and reduce the need for surgical intervention.
Jiang, Fen,Desta, Zeruesenay,Shon, Ji‐,Hong,Yeo, Chang‐,Woo,Kim, Ho‐,Sook,Liu, Kwang‐,Hyeon,Bae, Soo‐,Kyung,Lee, Sang‐,Seop,Flockhart, David A.,Shin, Jae‐,Goo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol.75 No.1
<P><B>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT</B></P><P>• Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 is the enzyme primarily responsible for the metabolism of many clinically important drugs, including efavirenz, which it converts to 8‐hydroxyefavirenz and then to 8,14‐hydroxyefavirenz.</P><P>• The CYP2B6*6 polymorphism influences efavirenz pharmacokinetics, but a validated phenotyping method for predicting CYP2B6 activity in human subjects is not yet available.</P><P>• The disposition of 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz in humans <I>in vivo</I> is unknown.</P><P><B>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS</B></P><P>• This study is the first quantitative examination of 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz pharmacokinetics in human subjects.</P><P>• The 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz : efavirenz AUC(0,120 h) ratio correlates with efavirenz oral clearance and is sensitive and specific to CYP2B6 activity alterations.</P><P>• The 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz : efavirenz AUC(0,120 h) ratio may be a useful phenotyping index for CYP2B6 activity <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P><B>AIMS</B> To evaluate the effects of clopidogrel and itraconazole on the disposition of efavirenz and its hydroxyl metabolites in relation to the <I>CYP2B6</I>*<I>6</I> genotype and explore potential phenotyping indices for CYP2B6 activity <I>in vivo</I> using a low dose of oral efavirenz.</P><P><B>METHODS</B> We conducted a randomized three phase crossover study in 17 healthy Korean subjects pre‐genotyped for the <I>CYP2B6</I>*<I>6</I> allele (<I>CYP2B6</I>*<I>1</I>/*<I>1</I>, <I>n</I>= 6; *<I>1</I>/*<I>6</I>, <I>n</I>= 6; *<I>6</I>/*<I>6</I>, <I>n</I>= 5). Subjects were pretreated with clopidogrel (75 mg day<SUP>−1</SUP> for 4 days), itraconazole (200 mg day<SUP>−1</SUP> for 6 days), or placebo and then given a single dose of efavirenz (200 mg). The plasma (0–120 h) and urine (0–24 h) concentrations of efavirenz and its metabolites (7‐ and 8‐hydroxyefavirenz and 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz) were determined by LC/MS/MS.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B> This study is the first to delineate quantitatively the full (phase I and II) metabolic profile of efavirenz and its three hydroxyl metabolites in humans. Clopidogrel pretreatment markedly decreased AUC(0,48 h), <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> and Ae(0,24 h) for 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz, compared with placebo; 95% CI of the ratios were 0.55, 0.73, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.25, 0.47, respectively. The 8,14‐dihydroxyefavirenz : efavirenz AUC(0,120 h) ratio was significantly correlated with the weight‐adjusted CL/<I>F</I> of efavirenz (<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP>≈ 0.4, <I>P</I> < 0.05), differed with <I>CYP2B6</I>*<I>6</I> genotype and was affected by clopidogrel pretreatment (<I>P</I> < 0.05) but not by itraconazole pretreatment.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B> The disposition of 8,14‐dihydroxy‐EFV appears to be sensitive to CYP2B6 activity alterations in human subjects. The 8,14‐dihydroxyefaviremz : efavirenz AUC(0,120 h) ratio is attractive as a candidate phenotyping index for CYP2B6 activity <I>in vivo</I>.</P>
Zun Liang Chuan,Sayang Mohd Deni,Soo-Fen Fam,Noriszura Ismail 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.1
The reliability and accuracy of a risk assessment of extreme hydro-meteorological events are highly dependent on the quality of the historical rainfall time series data. However, missing data in a time series such as this could result in lower quality data. Therefore, this paper proposes a multiple-imputation algorithm for treating missing data without requiring information from adjoining monitoring stations. The proposed imputation algorithms are based on the M-component probabilistic principal component analysis model and an expectation maximisation algorithm (MPPCA-EM). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the MPPCA-EM imputation algorithm, six distinct historical daily rainfall time series data were recorded from six monitoring stations. These stations were located at the coastal and inland regions of the East-Coast Economic Region (ECER) Malaysia. The results of analysis show that, when it comes to treating missing historical daily rainfall time series data recorded from coastal monitoring stations, the 2-component probabilistic principal component analysis model and expectation-maximisation algorithm (2PPCA-EM) were found to be superior to the single- and multiple-imputation algorithms proposed in previous studies. On the contrary, the single-imputation algorithms as proposed in previous studies were superior to the MPPCA-EM imputation algorithms when treating missing historical daily rainfall time series data recorded from inland monitoring stations.
하수오(何首烏)와 백하수오(白何首烏)의 기원과 명칭에 대한 연구
최환수,주매분,김정숙,이제현,Choi, Hwan-Soo,Zhu, Mei-Fen,Kim, Chung-Sook,Lee, Je-Hyun 한국한의학연구원 2003 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.9 No.1
Polygoni multiflori Radix has been used as a tonic medicine. In Korea, Cynanchi wilfordii Radix have been used too. Their names are resembled, but their plant origines are different. Polygoni multiflori Radix is called 何首烏 or 赤何首烏, and Cynanchi wilfordii Radix is 白何首烏 or 白首烏. They are suggested that they had been confused using at the early days in drug history. Polygoni multiflori Radix is enclosed in the pharmacopoeias of Korea, North Korea, Chinese and Japan. The nomina of pharmacopoeias are 赤何首烏 at North Korea and 何首烏 at other countries; Korea, Chinese and Japan. Cynanchi wilfordii Radix is just enclosed in Korea and North Korea. It means that Cynanchi wilfordii Radix has been commonly prescribed in Korea and North Korea than other countries. The nomina of pharmacopoeias are 白首烏 in Korea and 白何首烏 in North Korea. The characteristics of 何首烏 in ancient herbal records are confused of Polygoni multiflori Radix and Cynanchi wilfordii Radix. But Polygoni multiflori Radix is fixed at 何首烏 later. In Korea (south and north) Cynanchi wilfordii Radix has been recorded to using in 東醫寶鑑 that was Korea traditional Medicinal book and wrote at 1613. The 白首烏 is named in chinese about 20 century, but 白何首烏 is in korea about 19 century. In these consequences, prescription of Cynanchi wilfordii Radix in Korea is earlier than Chinese and Japan, and more common consumption too. So the nomen of 白何首烏 is better properly than 白首烏 in Korean Herbal pharmacopoeia.
Haemorrhage Post Biopsy of a Bronchial Carcinoid
( Sangeta Vadivelu ),( Kho Sze Shyang ),( Wong Soo Fen ),( Jamalul Azizi Abdul Rahaman ),( Mona Zaria Nasaruddin ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-
Background Bronchial carcinoid tumours are rare, indolent, malignant neuroendocrine tumours derived from Kulchitsky cells and are not related to smoking. As these tumours can be asymptomatic or present with non specific symptoms, a high index of suspicion is essential to make an early diagnosis which determines the prognosis. Surgery is curative and remains the mainstay of treatment. Case presentation A 41-year-old female with no Background medical illness first presented with a spontaneous left sided pneumothorax requiring a chest tube insertion. High-resolution CT (HRCT) thorax detected an incidental solitary pulmonary nodule. Bronchoscopy revealed a smooth round tumour sitting at the ostium of the basal right lower lobe bronchus. Endobronchial biopsy was complicated with massive bleeding requiring emergency exploration via rigid bronchoscopy. Multiple attempts to secure haemostasis using Watanabe spigot and argon plasma coagulation failed. She was intubated with a double lumen tube to isolate the healthy left lung. An urgent CT pulmonary angiogram (CTA) was performed to look for collaterals and feasibility of embolization, but no collaterals were seen. She was then referred to the cardiothoracic surgeon for an emergency right lobectomy. Histopathological examination revealed typical carcinoid tumour. She was discharged from the hospital in a stable condition. Discussion Bronchial carcinoids embryologically originate from the foregut and patients rarely present with features suggestive of carcinoid syndrome and crisis. Mostly are asymptomatic resulting in late presentation and diagnosis. Majority of the typical carcinoids are centrally located and may present with obstructive symptoms and recurrent pneumonia. Bronchoscopists may face massive bleeding following endobronchial biopsy in bronchial carcinoids. Conclusion Massive bleeding after endobronchial biopsy can occur and therefore the bronchoscopist should have anaesthesia, interventional radiology, and cardiothoracic support to handle this complication. Using tumour markers may obviate the need for biopsy in typical bronchial carcinoids to prevent massive bleeding after endobronchial biopsy.
Kim, Jiseon,Min, Jee Sun,Kim, Doyun,Zheng, Yu Fen,Mailar, Karabasappa,Choi, Won Jun,Lee, Choongho,Bae, Soo Kyung Elsevier 2017 Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis Vol.134 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the quantification of <I>trans</I>-ε-viniferin in small volumes (10μl) of mouse plasma using chlorpropamide as an internal standard was developed and validated. Plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile and separated using an Eclipse Plus C<SUB>18</SUB> column (100×4.6mm, 1.8-μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (60:40v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5ml/min. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ion mode with selected reaction-monitoring mode was used to determine <I>trans</I>-ε-viniferin and chlorpropamide transitions of 455.10→215.05 and 277.00→111.00, respectively. The lower limit of quantification was 5ng/ml with a linear range of 5–2500ng/ml (<I>r</I> ≥0.9949). All validation data, including the selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, dilution integrity, and stability, conformed to the acceptance requirements. No matrix effects were observed. The developed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of <I>trans</I>-ε-viniferin following intravenous (2.5mg/kg), intraperitoneal (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg), and oral (40mg/kg) administration in mice. This is the first report on the pharmacokinetic properties of <I>trans</I>-ε-viniferin. The results provide a meaningful basis for evaluating the pre-clinical or clinical applications of <I>trans</I>-ε-viniferin.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> First LC–MS/MS method for <I>trans</I>-ε-viniferin quantification in mouse plasma. </LI> <LI> A simple protein precipitation that allowed for efficient/reproducible recovery yields was used. </LI> <LI> The small plasma volume (10μl) supports the ability to examine pharmacokinetics in mice. </LI> </UL> </P>
Selection of Anthracnose Resistant Chili Pepper lines at AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center
Myeong-Cheoul Cho,So-Young Kim,Shih-Wen Lin,Patcharaporn Suwor,Shieh-Sheue Chin,Zong-Ming Sheu,Jaw-fen Wang,Jae-Bok Yoon,Byung-Soo Kim,Techawongstien Suchila,Sanjeet Kumar 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.5
Park, Jung Bae,Kim, Doyun,Min, Jee Sun,Jeong, Su,Cho, Doo-Yeoun,Zheng, Yu Fen,Yoon, Kee Dong,Bae, Soo Kyung Elsevier 2018 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.120 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Uva-ursi leaf is widely used to treat symptoms of lower urinary tract infections. Here, we evaluated the <I>in vitro</I> inhibitory effects of uva-ursi extracts on 10 major human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) isoforms. Of the 10 tested UGT isoforms, uva-ursi extracts exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on UGT1A1-mediated β-estradiol 3-glucuronidation with the lowest IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of 8.45 ± 1.56 μg/mL. To identify the components of uva-ursi extracts showing strong inhibitory effects against UGT1A1, the inhibitory effects of nine major constituents of the extracts were assessed. Among the tested compounds, gallotannin exerted the most potent inhibition on UGT1A1, followed by 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose; both demonstrated competitive inhibition, with K<SUB>i</SUB> values of 1.68 ± 0.150 μM and 3.55 ± 0.418 μM. We found that gallotannin and 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose also inhibited another UGT1A1-specific biotransformation, SN-38-glucuronidation, showing the same order of inhibition. Thus, <I>in vitro</I> UGT1A1 inhibitory potentials of uva-ursi extracts might primarily result from the inhibitory activities of gallotannin and 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose present in the extracts. However, in rats, co-administration with uva-ursi extracts did not alter the <I>in vivo</I> marker for UGT1A1 activity, expressed as the molar ratio of AUC<SUB>SN-38 glucuronide</SUB>/AUC<SUB>SN-38</SUB>, because plasma concentrations of gallotannin and 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose may be too low to inhibit the UGT1A1-mediated metabolism of SN-38 <I>in vivo</I>. The poor oral absorption of gallotannin and 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose in uva-ursi extracts might cause the poor <I>in vitro</I>-<I>in vivo</I> correlation. These findings will be helpful for the safe and effective use of uva-ursi extracts in clinical practice.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Uva-ursi is widely used to treat urinary tract infections. </LI> <LI> There is no information regarding inhibition of UGTs by uva-ursi. </LI> <LI> Strong UGT1A1 inhibition by uva-ursi <I>in vitro</I> is attributable to its two constituents, gallotannin and TeGG. </LI> <LI> But, uva-ursi did not affect UGT1A1 <I>in vivo</I> due to their poor oral absorption. </LI> </UL> </P>