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Kalman Filtering-based Traffic Prediction for Software Defined Intra-data Center Networks
( Jacques Mbous ),( Tao Jiang ),( Ming Tang ),( Songnian Fu ),( Deming Liu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.6
Global data center IP traffic is expected to reach 20.6 zettabytes (ZB) by the end of 2021. Intra-data center networks (Intra-DCN) will account for 71.5% of the data center traffic flow and will be the largest portion of the traffic. The understanding of traffic distribution in Intra-DCN is still sketchy. It causes significant amount of bandwidth to go unutilized, and creates avoidable choke points. Conventional transport protocols such as Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS) allow a one-sided view of the traffic flow in the network. This therefore causes disjointed and uncoordinated decision-making at each node. For effective resource planning, there is the need to consider joining the distributed with centralized management which anticipates the system’s needs and regulates the entire network. Methods derived from Kalman filters have proved effective in planning road networks. Considering the network available bandwidth as data transport highways, we propose an intelligent enhanced SDN concept applied to OBS architecture. A management plane (MP) is added to conventional control (CP) and data planes (DP). The MP assembles the traffic spatio-temporal parameters from ingress nodes, uses Kalman filtering prediction-based algorithm to estimate traffic demand. Prior to packets arrival at edges nodes, it regularly forwards updates of resources allocation to CPs. Simulations were done on a hybrid scheme (1+1) and on the centralized OBS. The results demonstrated that the proposition decreases the packet loss ratio. It also improves network latency and throughput―up to 84 and 51%, respectively, versus the traditional scheme.
Min Shen,H. Dean Hosgood,Luoping Zhang,이경무,Roel Vermeulen,Guilan Li,Songnian Yin,Nathaniel Rothman,Stephen Chanock,Martyn T. Smith,Qing Lan 생화학분자생물학회 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.6
Benzene, a recognized hematotoxicant and carcinogen,can damage the human immune system. We studied the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in innate immunity and benzene hematotoxicity in a cross-sectional study of workers exposed to benzene (250 workers and 140 controls). A total of 1,236 tag SNPs in 149gene regions of six pathways were included in the analysis. Six gene regions were significant for their association with white blood cell (WBC) counts (MBP,VCAM1, ALOX5, MPO, RAC2, and CRP) based on gene-region (P < 0.05) and SNP analyses (FDR <0.05). VCAM1 rs3176867, ALOX5 rs7099684, and MPO rs2071409 were the three most significant SNPs. They showed similar effects on WBC subtypes, especially granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. A 3-SNP block in ALOXE3 (rs7215658, rs9892383, and rs3027208) showed a global association (omnibus P =0.0008) with WBCs even though the three SNPs were not significant individually. Our study suggests that polymorphisms in innate immunity genes may play a role in benzene-induced hematotoxicity; however, independent replication is necessary.
Shen, Min,Zhang, Luoping,Lee, Kyoung-Mu,Vermeulen, Roel,Hosgood, H. Dean,Li, Guilan,Yin, Songnian,Rothman, Nathaniel,Chanock, Stephen,Smith, Martyn T.,Lan, Qing Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.6
Benzene, a recognized hematotoxicant and carcinogen, can damage the human immune system. We studied the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in innate immunity and benzene hematotoxicity in a cross-sectional study of workers exposed to benzene (250 workers and 140 controls). A total of 1,236 tag SNPs in 149 gene regions of six pathways were included in the analysis. Six gene regions were significant for their association with white blood cell (WBC) counts ($MBP$, $VCAM1$, $ALOX5$, $MPO$, $RAC2$, and $CRP$) based on gene-region (P < 0.05) and SNP analyses (FDR <0.05). $VCAM1$ rs3176867, $ALOX5$ rs7099684, and $MPO$ rs2071409 were the three most significant SNPs. They showed similar effects on WBC subtypes, especially granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. A 3-SNP block in $ALOXE3$ (rs7215658, rs9892383, and rs3027208) showed a global association (omnibus P = 0.0008) with WBCs even though the three SNPs were not significant individually. Our study suggests that polymorphisms in innate immunity genes may play a role in benzene-induced hematotoxicity; however, independent replication is necessary.
3-D Manipulation of ZnO Nanowire Using Optically Activated Thermoplastic Tip on Silica Fiber Taper
Sejin Lee,Doo-Eui Kang,Pyojin Jeon,Seongil Im,Ryong Ha,Heon-Jin Choi,Songnian Fu,Kyunghwan Oh IEEE 2014 IEEE photonics technology letters Vol.26 No.20
<P>Semiconductor nanowire offers various opportunities in novel optoelectronics yet its precise manipulation technique has not been fully developed. We proposed a new method to transport and manipulate individual single ZnO nanowire in 3-D space using an optically activated ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) tip on microtapered silica fiber. The microtaper fiber delivered laser light to optically activate the plasticity in the microscopic EVA spot, where the single ZnO nanowire was selectively adhered. Detailed principles and procedures are discussed along with a unique artificial structuring of nanowires.</P>
Zhiqian Pang,Zhuangzhi Zhou,Dedong Yin,Qiming Lv,Lixiang Wang,Xiao Xu,Jing Wang,Xiaobing Li,Xianfeng Zhao,Guanghuai Jiang,Jinping Lan,Lihuang Zhu,Songnian Hu,Guozhen Liu 한국식물학회 2013 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.56 No.6
Plant Bowman-Birk type bran trypsin inhibitors(BBTI) belong to a family of serine protease inhibitors thatinhibit trypsin activity and play roles in plant developmentand defense responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Inthis study, transgenic rice plants overexpressing BBTI4 (OXBBTI4)were generated. Reverse-transcription polymerasechain reaction and western blot (WB) analysis demonstratedthat the BBTI4 mRNA and protein levels were significantlyincreased in OX-BBTI4. Notably, two BBTI4 protein formswith different molecular weight (18 kD and 28 kD) wererevealed by WB analysis. In non-transgenic plants, BBTI4-28kD and BBTI4-18kD were mainly expressed in roots andleaves, respectively, while in transgenic OX-BBTI4 plants,both protein forms were expressed constitutively. Subcellularanalysis revealed that BBTI4 is localized in the cytosol. Moreover, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) inoculationexperiments demonstrated that transgenic OX-BBTI4 riceplants conferred partial but broad-spectrum Xoo resistance. InOX-BBTI4 transgenic rice plants, the expression of OsPR3 andOsPR10a proteins was induced and gradually increased afterXoo infection, while the expression of OsPR1a, OsPR1b andOsPR-pha remained unchanged. Taken together, these resultssuggest that BBTI4 may play a role in rice resistance to Xoo,and OsPR3 and OsPR10a may be involved in the OX-BBTI4-dependent partial Xoo resistance response.