Re-irradiation of unresectable recurrent head and neck cancer: using Helical Tomotherapy as image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Songmi Jeong,Eun Jung Yoo,Ji Yoon Kim,Chi Wha Han,Ki Jun Kim,Chul Seung Kay 대한방사선종양학회 2013 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.31 No.4

Purpose: Re-irradiation (re-RT) is considered a treatment option for inoperable locoregionally recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) after prior radiotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of re-RT using Helical Tomotherapy as image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy in recurrent HNC. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with recurrent HNC and received re-RT were retrospectively reviewed. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints were locoregional control and toxicities. Results: The median follow-up period of total 9 patients was 18.7 months (range, 4.1 to 76 months) and that of 3 alive patients was 49 months (range, 47 to 76 months). Median dose of first radiotherapy and re-RT was 64.8 and 47.5 Gy₁₀. Median cumulative dose of the two courses of radiotherapy was 116.3 Gy₁₀ (range, 91.8 to 128.9 Gy₁₀) while the median interval between the two courses of radiation was 25 months (range, 4 to 137 months). The response rate after re-RT of the evaluated 8 patients was 75% (complete response, 4; partial response, 2). Median locoregional relapse-free survival after re-RT was 11.9 months (range, 3.4 to 75.1 months) and 5 patients eventually presented with treatment failure (in-field failure, 2; in- and out-field failure, 2; out-field failure, 1). Median OS of the 8 patients was 20.3 months (range, 4.1 to 75.1 months). One- and two-year OS rates were 62.5% and 50%, respectively. Grade 3 leucopenia developed in one patient as acute toxicity, and grade 2 osteonecrosis and trismus as chronic toxicity in another patient. Conclusion: Re-RT using Helical Tomotherapy for previously irradiated patients with unresectable locoregionally recurrent HNC may be a feasible treatment option with long-term survival and acceptable toxicities.

Examining the Effect of Emotion and Visual Attention on Consumers` Responses to A.Board Advertising: Implicit and Explicit Approach

( Songmi Song ),( Choong Hoon Lim ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: While there have been efforts to pinpoint the impact of sponsorship advertising, there is still a need for understanding dynamic mechanisms on A-board advertising effect. Further, theories in marketing and psychology provide conflicting propositions in relation to A-board advertisement effects within the context of active sport games. Especially, exposure and attention to sponsorship advertisement is one of the neglected areas in sponsorship research. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to add to the body of literature in sport management and marketing by investigating the effect of consumers’ attention to A-board advertising on implicit/explicit memory and attitude. Also, watching a sport event leads to emotional responses, which may have impact on sponsorship advertisement. Thus, the secondary purpose of the current study is to examine the mediating effect of emotion on consumers’ attention to A-board advertisement. Method: In this experiment, thirty nine fans of Spain professional soccer team were randomly assigned to treatment conditions. Each participant viewed one of four video manipulations, where the video treatments were based on contrasting levels of winning and losing of their favorite teams. The treatment was provided in order to induce different emotional responses in terms of pleasure and arousal. Eye-tracking method was adopted in order to measure subjects’ level of attention to A-board advertisement. On completion of treatment conditions, participants’ implicit and explicit memory, as well as brand attitude were measured. Data analyses included descriptive analysis, regression analysis and T-test analysis by using SPSS 21. Also, Eye tracking fixation frequency and fixation duration were analyzed to examine the visual attention. Result: The result of this study shows that explicit memory (i.e., recognition) was affected by visual attention on the advertisement (p < .05). The effect of emotion on brand recognition was also mediated by visual attention (p < .05). Data analysis showed that subjects’ level of attention to game action negatively influenced explicit memory (p < .05). However, visual attention on the advertisement did not affect implicit memory and the level of arousal significantly influenced implicit memory (p <.05). Also, brand attitude was not affected by visual attention, rather it appeared to have negative effect on attention (p < .05). Data analyses also revealed the more subjects were absorbed in the game, the more positive brand attitude had on the A-board advertising. Conclusion: This study examined A-board advertising effects based on two different memory system, explicit memory and implicit memory. The higher visual attention on the A-board advertisement, the higher level of recognition in terms of explicit memory. However, implicit memory was not depended on the amount of attention. Also, this study showed that sport event which provokes negative emotion may distract attention from game itself and disperse more attention to A-board advertisement. Therefore, negative emotion brings more positive effect to explicit memory of A-board advertising. On the other hand, positive event which provides greater immersion may affect implicit memory and brand attitude regardless of visual attention.

Comparison of COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome: case reports and literature review

( Songmi Lee ),( Danbi Kim ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Jung Woo Rhim ),( Soo-young Lee ),( Dae Chul Jeong ) 대한류마티스학회 2023 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious post-infectious complication of COVID-19 characterized by hyperinflammation and multi-organ dysfunction including shock. Shock is also seen in a severe form of Kawasaki disease (KD) called KD shock syndrome (KDSS). Here, we present one MIS-C and one KDSS case and compare similarities and differences between them. Both MIS-C (case 1) and KDSS (case 2) showed hyperinflammation, KD-related features, gastrointestinal problems, hypotension, and coagulopathy. The extent of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction was more severe in KDSS than in MIS-C. Case 1 was diagnosed as MIS-C because SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed, and case 2 was diagnosed as KDSS because no pathogen was identified in microbiological studies. We believe that the most important difference between MIS-C and KDSS was whether SARS-CoV-2 was identified as an infectious trigger. Organ dysfunction is a hallmark of MIS-C and KDSS, but not KD, so MIS-C shares more clinical phenotypes with KDSS than with KD. Comparison of MIS-C and KDSS will be an interesting and important topic in the field of KD-like hyperinflammatory disease research.

A comprehensive analysis of chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes)-specific AluYb8 element

Songmi Kim,Dong Hee Kim,Hiroo Imai,Yong‑Moon Lee,Kyudong Han 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Alu elements are most abundant retrotransposons with>1.2 million copies in the primate genome. AluYb8 subfamily was diverged from AluY lineage, and has accumulated eight diagnostic mutations and 7-bp duplication during primate evolution. A total of 1851 AluYb copies are present in the human genome, and most of them are human-specifc. On the other hand, only a few AluYb8 copies were identifed in the chimpanzee genome by previous studies on AluYb8. The signifcantly diferent number of species-specifc AluYb8 elements between human and chimpanzee might result from the incompletion of chimpanzee reference genome sequences at the time of the previous study. Objective AluYb8 elements could generate genomic structural variations in the chimpanzee genome. This study aimed to identify and characterize chimpanzee-specifc AluYb elements using the most updated chimpanzee reference genome sequences (Jan. 2018, panTro6). Methods To identify chimpanzee-specifc AluYb8, we carried out genomic comparison with non-chimpanzee primate genome using the UCSC table browser. In addition, chimpanzee-specifc AluYb8 candidates were manually inspected and experimentally verifed using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Results Among a total of 231 chimpanzee-specifc AluYb8 candidates, 11 of the candidates are chimpanzee-specifc AluYb8, and 29 elements are shared between the chimpanzee and non-chimpanzee primate genomes. Through the sequence analysis of AluYb8 and other Alu subfamilies, we were able to observe various diagnostic mutations and variable length duplications in 7-bp duplication region of AluYb8 element. In addition, we further validated two of the chimpanzee-specifc AluYb8 elements (CS8 and CS20) that were not previously discovered by display PCR and Sanger sequencing. Interestingly, we identifed a AluYb8 insertion-mediated deletion (CS8 locus) in the chimpanzee genome. Conclusion Our study found that AluYb8 elements are much more abundant in the human genome than chimpanzee genome, and that it could be due to the absence of hyperactive “master” AluYb8 elements in the chimpanzee genome.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae TSA1의 보존된 아스파트산 잔기 및 세린 잔기의 변이가 과산화효소 활성 및 샤페론 활성에 미치는 영향

이송미 ( Songmi Lee ),조은이 ( Eun Yi Cho ),김강화 ( Kanghwa Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.45 No.1

퍼옥시레독신은 티오레독신, 티오레독신 환원효소, NADPH로 이루어진 티오레독신 시스템의 환원력을 이용하여 과산화물을 제거하는 티오레독신 과산화효소 활성과 다른 단백질의 열변성에 의한 응집을 막아주는 샤페론 활성을 갖는 효소이다. 정형 2-Cys Prx군에 속하는 퍼옥시레독신 참고서열1,024개 중 부분적인 서열 등을 제외한 967개 서열을 정렬하였을 때 75번과 103번 아스파트산 잔기는 99% 보존되었고, 73번 세린 잔기는 97% 보존되었음에도 불구하고 잘 보존된 아스파트산 잔기와 세린 잔기에 대해 알려지지 않았다. 이 잔기가 TSA1의 두가지 효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 재조합 단백질을 이용하여 활성도를 알아보았다. In vitro 실험을 통하여 잘 보존된 잔기인 103번 아스파트산은 75번 아스파트산보다 티오레독신 퍼옥시레독신 활성 및 분자 샤페론 활성에 더 영향을 미치고, 103번의 음전하는 분자샤페론 활성에 중요한 역할을 하며 과산화효소활성에는 75번과 103번의 음전하가 관여함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 73의 세린 잔기 역시 과산화효소에 영향을 미치는 잔기임을 알 수 있었다. 최근 출아 효모 퍼옥시레독신인 TSA2의 79번과 109번의 세린 잔기를 시스테인 잔기로 변이시킨 경우 두 변이단백질 모두 과산화효소 활성과 샤페론 활성이 증가되었는데 이는 β-sheet 구조의 증가와 관련되는 것으로 보고하였다[28]. 이들 두 세린 잔기는 TSA1 구조에 의하면 모두 α-나선 구조에 위치하였다. 반면에 73번의 세린 잔기는 β-sheet의 C-말단에 위치하는 잔기로 과산화효소 활성에 대한 영향이 다르게 나타나는 것으로 추정된다. 추후 생체 내 실험을 통하여 아스파트산 잔기의 변이가 과산화물 저항성이 미치는 영향 및 열 저항성(thermal stress)에 미치는 역할을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 또한 아스파트산 잔기와 과산화물과의 반응 및 분자 샤페론과의 반응에 장애가 되는 요인이 무엇인지에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것이다. Alignment of 967 reference sequences of the typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin family of proteins revealed that 10 amino acids were conserved, with over 99% identity. To investigate whether the conserved aspartic acid residues and serine residue affect the peroxidase and chaperone activity of the protein, we prepared yeast TSA1 mutant proteins in which aspartic acids at positions 75 and 103 were replaced by valine or asparagine, and serine at position 73 was replaced by alanine. By non-reducing SDS-PAGE, TSA1 and the S73A, D75V and D75N mutants were detected in dimeric form, whereas the D103V and D103N mutants were detected in various forms, ranging from high molecular-weight to monomeric. Compared with wild type TSA1, the D75N mutant exhibited 50% thioredoxin peroxidase activity, and the S73A and D75V mutants showed 25% activity. However, the D103V and D103N mutants showed no peroxidase activity. All proteins, except for the D103V and D103N mutants, exhibited chaperone activity at 43℃. Our results suggest that the two conserved aspartic acid residues and serine residue of TSA1 play important roles in its thioredoxin peroxidase activity, and D103 plays a critical role in its chaperone activity.

Expression levels of serine/glycine metabolism-related proteins in triple negative breast cancer tissues.

Noh, Songmi,Kim, Do Hee,Jung, Woo Hee,Koo, Ja Seung Saikon Pub. Co 2014 TUMOR BIOLOGY Vol.35 No.5

<P>To evaluate the expression levels of serine/glycine metabolism-related proteins (PHGDH, PSAT, PSPH, SHMT, and GLDC) in six different subtypes of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and gain insight into their implications. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 129 TNBC patients were assembled into tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for serine/glycine metabolism-related proteins (PHGDH, PSAT, PSPH, SHMT, and GLDC) and surrogate immunohistochemical markers (CK5/6, EGFR, claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin 7, E-cadherin, STAT1, interleukin-8 [IL-8], AR, and GGT-1) for identifying the molecular subtype of TNBC. TNBC subtype classifications included the following: basal-like (CK5/6-positive and/or EGFR-positive), molecular apocrine (AR-positive and/or GGT-1-positive), claudin-low (claudin 3-, claudin 4-, claudin 7-negative and/or E-cadherin-negative), immune-related (IL-8-negative and stromal STAT1-positive), mixed (features from two or more of the four subtypes), and null (no features from any of the four subtypes). Tissues from basal marker-positive patients showed increased expression levels of tumoral PHGDH compared with those from basal marker-negative patients (p?=?0.029); lack of stromal SHMT1 expression was significantly correlated with T stage (p?=?0.016). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that a lack of stromal SHMT1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting a shorter disease-free survival period (hazard ratio 4.002, 95?% confidence interval [CI] 1.077-14.83, p?=?0.038); furthermore, a lack of tumoral PHGDH expression was predictive of a shorter overall survival rate (hazard ratio 3.053, 95?% CI 1.002-9.305, p?=?0.050). In conclusion, the most abundantly expressed serine/glycine metabolism-related protein in basal-like TNBC tissues was tumoral PHGDH, and expression levels of stromal SHMT1 and tumoral PHGDH were inversely correlated with clinical prognostic factors. Also, this study is the first to assess serine/glycine relationships at the protein level in regards to clinical outcomes.</P>

Metabolic differences in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer based on androgen receptor status.

Noh, Songmi,Kim, Ji-Ye,Koo, Ja Seung Saikon Pub. Co 2014 TUMOR BIOLOGY Vol.35 No.8

<P>This study investigated the relationship between steroid hormone receptor signaling and cellular metabolism in tumorigenesis by examining the expression of metabolic proteins with respect to androgen receptor (AR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer. ER- breast cancer cases (n?=?334) were selected from a microarray analysis, including those that were AR+ and AR- (n?=?127 and 207, respectively) and HER-2+ and HER-2- (n?=?140 and 194, respectively). The expression of proteins involved in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and mitochondrial and intermediary (i.e., serine/glycine) metabolism was determined by immunohistochemistry and correlated with AR and HER-2 status. The expression of several proteins involved in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and serine/glycine metabolism was higher (p?<?0.01) in the AR- than in the AR+ group. In the former, the expression of the glycolytic protein carbonic anhydrase (CA)IX was associated with a shorter disease-free survival period (p?=?0.029) and overall survival rate (p?=?0.001). In a multivariate Cox analysis, immunoreactivity for CAIX (hazard ratio 15.89, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.820-131.6; p?=?0.010) was an independent factor in predicting the survival of the AR+ group. In conclusion, differential expression patterns of metabolism-related proteins were noted in ER- breast cancer according to AR status. These findings highlight the link between hormone receptor signaling and metabolic pathways whose dysregulation could underlie breast tumorigenesis.</P>

Langerhans cell histiocytosis in endoscopic biopsy: marked pinching artifacts by endoscopy.

Noh, Songmi,Kim, Dong-Seok,Kim, Jinna,Kim, Se Hoon Springer-Verlag Tokyo 2011 Brain tumor pathology Vol.28 No.3

<P>Various diseases should be considered when evaluating a suprasellar mass. Diabetes insipidus has been reported as the primary manifestation in a patient with Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the hypothalamopituitary axis (HPA) and can be helpful for the diagnosis. The use of endoscopic biopsy for suprasellar masses has increased. However, as it is difficult to make a diagnosis with endoscopic biopsy because of the many artifacts, pathologists must be careful. Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the HPA as solitary lesions is rare. We report the eighth case that provides neurologists, radiologists, and pathologists with various implications.</P>

Re-irradiation of unresectable recurrent head and neck cancer: using Helical Tomotherapy as image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Jeong, Songmi,Yoo, Eun Jung,Kim, Ji Yoon,Han, Chi Wha,Kim, Ki Jun,Kay, Chul Seung The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2013 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.31 No.4

Purpose: Re-irradiation (re-RT) is considered a treatment option for inoperable locoregionally recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) after prior radiotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of re-RT using Helical Tomotherapy as image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy in recurrent HNC. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with recurrent HNC and received re-RT were retrospectively reviewed. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints were locoregional control and toxicities. Results: The median follow-up period of total 9 patients was 18.7 months (range, 4.1 to 76 months) and that of 3 alive patients was 49 months (range, 47 to 76 months). Median dose of first radiotherapy and re-RT was 64.8 and 47.5 $Gy_{10}$. Median cumulative dose of the two courses of radiotherapy was 116.3 $Gy_{10}$ (range, 91.8 to 128.9 $Gy_{10}$) while the median interval between the two courses of radiation was 25 months (range, 4 to 137 months). The response rate after re-RT of the evaluated 8 patients was 75% (complete response, 4; partial response, 2). Median locoregional relapse-free survival after re-RT was 11.9 months (range, 3.4 to 75.1 months) and 5 patients eventually presented with treatment failure (in-field failure, 2; in- and out-field failure, 2; out-field failure, 1). Median OS of the 8 patients was 20.3 months (range, 4.1 to 75.1 months). One- and two-year OS rates were 62.5% and 50%, respectively. Grade 3 leucopenia developed in one patient as acute toxicity, and grade 2 osteonecrosis and trismus as chronic toxicity in another patient. Conclusion: Re-RT using Helical Tomotherapy for previously irradiated patients with unresectable locoregionally recurrent HNC may be a feasible treatment option with long-term survival and acceptable toxicities.

공동주택에서 바닥충격 가진에 의한 상하층 세대로의 바닥충격음 전달특성

이송미(Songmi Lee),송한솔(Hansol Song),김정훈(Jeonghun Kim),김수홍(Suhong Kim),류종관(Jongkwan Ryu) 한국소음진동공학회 2020 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.11